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Pracowniczy model samozatrudnienia
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Iuridica Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.18778/0208-6069.101.05
A. Świątkowski
{"title":"Pracowniczy model samozatrudnienia","authors":"A. Świątkowski","doi":"10.18778/0208-6069.101.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.101.05","url":null,"abstract":"Autor rozważa zasadność konstruowania nowej koncepcji zatrudnienia osób fizycznych wykonujących pracę na własny rachunek – samozatrudnionych. Opiera się na wprowadzonych do systemu prawa pracy regulacjach specyficznego statusu osób wykonujących tego typu pracę w niektórych państwach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej. Analizuje podstawy i kryteria stosowane przez judykaturę Trybunału Sprawiedliwości UE. Skupia się na konkretnej i rzeczywistej jednoosobowej działalności gospodarczej samozatrudnionego, polegającej na odpłatnym świadczeniu usług na rzecz i pod kierownictwem innej osoby albo innego podmiotu. Dochodzi do wniosku, że nie ma potrzeby konstruowania złożonych, odrębnych koncepcji prawnych, w jakich mogłyby występować w charakterze „pracowników” osoby samozatrudnione","PeriodicalId":32743,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Iuridica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79299973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Praca na własny rachunek a wykonywanie działalności na terenie innych państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Iuridica Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.18778/0208-6069.101.16
Michał Szypniewski
{"title":"Praca na własny rachunek a wykonywanie działalności na terenie innych państw członkowskich Unii Europejskiej","authors":"Michał Szypniewski","doi":"10.18778/0208-6069.101.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.101.16","url":null,"abstract":"Celem opracowania jest analiza form przejściowego wykonywania działalności na terytorium innego państwa członkowskiego. W pierwszej kolejności autor analizuje założenia prawa w przedmiocie czasowego wykonywania działalności w innym państwie („samooddelegowania”). Następnie omawia założenia prawa wykonywania działalności w dwóch lub kilku państwach członkowskich. W swoich rozważaniach koncentruje się na analizie dogmatycznoprawnej przepisów Unii Europejskiej dotyczących zasad koordynacji systemów zabezpieczenia społecznego, przywołując przy tym również orzecznictwo sądów polskich.","PeriodicalId":32743,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Iuridica","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79760397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Atypical Employment Relations in Brazil After the Labor Reform 劳动改革后巴西的非典型雇佣关系
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Iuridica Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.18778/0208-6069.101.24
Marta Zbucka-Gargas, Cláudio Iannotti da Rocha
{"title":"Atypical Employment Relations in Brazil After the Labor Reform","authors":"Marta Zbucka-Gargas, Cláudio Iannotti da Rocha","doi":"10.18778/0208-6069.101.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.101.24","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this publication is to provide an overview of labor law changes in Brazil that have significantly affected fundamental employment principles. Laws 13.427/17 and 13,467/17, collectively known as the Labor Reform, introduced atypical forms of employment, heavily modifying individual and collective labor laws. In particular, the changes include: employment in the form of intermittent work, telework, outsourcing or hyper-sufficient workers. The labor law reform, which has been carried out, introduces a number of novelties into the Brazilian legal system and raises many questions and doubts. There are concerns about whether the regulation undermines the existing legal order and thus threatens the dignity of workers, their physical and mental health, as well as negatively affects the working environment.","PeriodicalId":32743,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Iuridica","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85234624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Protection of the Self-Employed to the Extent of Non-Discrimination and Equal Treatment – An Overview of the Issue 在不歧视及平等待遇的范围内保障自雇人士-问题概览
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Iuridica Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.18778/0208-6069.101.12
T. Duraj
{"title":"Protection of the Self-Employed to the Extent of Non-Discrimination and Equal Treatment – An Overview of the Issue","authors":"T. Duraj","doi":"10.18778/0208-6069.101.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.101.12","url":null,"abstract":"The subject of the foregoing study is the analysis of the legal regulation of the protection of the self-employed to the extent of non-discrimination and equal treatment. The author positively assesses the very fact of adopting the Equality Act, which contributed to raising the standards of protection of self-employed people in this area. Unfortunately, however, a number of detailed regulations included in this act raise justified doubts and deserve criticism. Moreover, some provisions of the Equality Act are inconsistent with international agreements binding Poland, and also violate Art. 32 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland. This leads to an unjustified lowering of the standards of protection against discrimination and unequal treatment of the self-employed in relation to the legal situation in which employees find themselves. A critical analysis of the Equality Act shows the far-reaching inconsistency of the legislator and the inconsistency of the entire system of protection against discrimination. This, in turn, makes this law ineffective, as shown by statistics in which a very small number of cases are brought to court and end up with a positive outcome for the person discriminated against.","PeriodicalId":32743,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Iuridica","volume":"237 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76528818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Europejska autonomiczna definicja pracownika i jej implikacje dla osób samozatrudnionych w sferze indywidualnego i zbiorowego prawa pracy
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Iuridica Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.18778/0208-6069.101.02
Joanna Unterschütz
{"title":"Europejska autonomiczna definicja pracownika i jej implikacje dla osób samozatrudnionych w sferze indywidualnego i zbiorowego prawa pracy","authors":"Joanna Unterschütz","doi":"10.18778/0208-6069.101.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.101.02","url":null,"abstract":"Obecnie nie istnieje jednoznaczna definicja obowiązująca w całej Europie, która wprowadzałaby wyraźne rozróżnienie między osobami rzeczywiście samozatrudnionymi, które pracują niezależnie od kontrahenta, a osobami fałszywie samozatrudnionymi.\u0000W zaleceniu Międzynarodowej Organizacji Pracy z 2006 r. przyjęto szerokie podejście do pojęcia „stosunek pracy”, aby umożliwić podjęcie działań przeciwko fałszywemu samozatrudnieniu. Przy określaniu, czy istnieje stosunek pracy, należy przede wszystkim skupić się na faktach dotyczących działalności i wynagrodzenia pracownika niezależnie od tego, jak stosunek ten jest scharakteryzowany w umowie.\u0000Unijna tzw. autonomiczna definicja pracownika, ustalona przez Trybunał Sprawiedliwości Unii Europejskiej, zawiera trzy zasadnicze kryteria mające na celu ustalenie istnienia stosunku pracy, tj.: czy osoba wykonująca pracę działa pod kierownictwem, jaki jest charakter pracy (np. czy jest ona rzeczywista, efektywna i regularna) oraz czy za pracę otrzymuje się wynagrodzenie.\u0000Wydawane w ostatnim czasie przez TSUE wyroki prowadzą do wniosku, że taka definicja powinna być stosowana we wszystkich krajach członkowskich, aby zagwarantować skuteczność działania dyrektyw z zakresu prawa pracy. Ten kierunek interpretacji wzmacnia dodatkowo odwołanie się do autonomicznej definicji pracownika w dyrektywie 2019/1152 w sprawie przejrzystych i przewidywalnych warunków pracy w Unii Europejskiej.\u0000Celem opracowania jest refleksja nad tym, czy stosowanie tej definicji oznaczałoby objęcie uprawnieniami z zakresu indywidualnego i zbiorowego prawa pracy także osób pozornie samozatrudnionych.","PeriodicalId":32743,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Iuridica","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81389708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prawny model ochrony pracy na własny rachunek – wprowadzenie do dyskusji
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Iuridica Pub Date : 2022-12-29 DOI: 10.18778/0208-6069.101.01
Tomasz Duraj
{"title":"Prawny model ochrony pracy na własny rachunek – wprowadzenie do dyskusji","authors":"Tomasz Duraj","doi":"10.18778/0208-6069.101.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.101.01","url":null,"abstract":"Celem opracowania jest wprowadzenie czytelnika w problematykę prawnej ochrony pracy na własny rachunek w Polsce, która była przedmiotem IV Ogólnopolskiej Konferencji Naukowej z cyklu „Nietypowe stosunki zatrudnienia”, zorganizowanej w Łodzi w dniach 8–9 grudnia 2021 r. przez Centrum Nietypowych Stosunków Zatrudnienia WPiA UŁ. Wydarzenie to stanowiło element promocji grantu naukowego realizowanego pod kierunkiem prof. UŁ Tomasza Duraja w ramach międzynarodowego projektu finansowanego ze środków NCN pt. „W poszukiwaniu prawnego modelu samozatrudnienia w Polsce. Analiza prawnoporównawcza”. Autor prezentuje własne refleksje de lege lata i de lege ferenda na temat optymalnego modelu prawnej ochrony pracy na własny rachunek w naszym kraju.","PeriodicalId":32743,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Iuridica","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80290991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Australian Legal Education – A Short History 澳大利亚法律教育简史
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Iuridica Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.18778/0208-6069.99.02
D. Barker
{"title":"Australian Legal Education – A Short History","authors":"D. Barker","doi":"10.18778/0208-6069.99.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.99.02","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the history and development of legal education in Australia by tracing the establishment of university law schools and other forms of legal education in the states and territories from the time of European settlement in 1788 until the present day. It considers the critical role played by legal education in shaping the culture of law and thus determining how well the legal system operates in practice. \u0000It argues that Australian legal education can satisfactorily meet the twin objectives of training individuals as legal practitioners, whilst providing a liberal education that facilitates the acquisition of knowledge and transferable legal skills.","PeriodicalId":32743,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Iuridica","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84523818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
At the Dawn of Legal History: Teaching Law in Ancient Mesopotamia 在法律史的黎明:古代美索不达米亚的法律教学
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Iuridica Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.18778/0208-6069.99.04
Lena Fijałkowska
{"title":"At the Dawn of Legal History: Teaching Law in Ancient Mesopotamia","authors":"Lena Fijałkowska","doi":"10.18778/0208-6069.99.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.99.04","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents an outline of legal teaching in ancient Mesopotamia, with emphasis on the available sources and the difficulties they present. Though our knowledge of this topic is still fragmentary, for several periods the scribal curriculum can be reconstructed, as well as the place of legal education therein. The innate conservatism of Mesopotamian culture notwithstanding, it turns out that the latter managed to produce surprisingly skilled and creative legal professionals.","PeriodicalId":32743,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Iuridica","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82840770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Education of Roman Law from 1874 to 1894 in Japan. The Transition of Contemporary Model of Legal Systems in the West and the Intellectual Backgrounds of Professors in Charge of Roman Law 1874 - 1894年日本的罗马法教育。当代西方法制模式的变迁与罗马法教授的知识背景
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Iuridica Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.18778/0208-6069.99.06
Tomoyoshi Hayashi
{"title":"The Education of Roman Law from 1874 to 1894 in Japan. The Transition of Contemporary Model of Legal Systems in the West and the Intellectual Backgrounds of Professors in Charge of Roman Law","authors":"Tomoyoshi Hayashi","doi":"10.18778/0208-6069.99.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.99.06","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the position of Roman law in Japanese legal education from 1874 to 1894. Japanese law was drastically Westernised during this period, taking inspiration from Europe, and was modelled after common law and French law simultaneously. German law then became more dominant at the end of the period. All professors from Europe, regardless of their country of origin or legal background, unequivocally emphasised the importance of Roman law as the common basis of Western laws when teaching their Japanese pupils. Some of those pupils later contributed substantially to academic arguments on Roman law. Most notably, this period secured the place of Roman law in modern legal education in Japan.","PeriodicalId":32743,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Iuridica","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90715113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Teaching of Pre-Existing National Polish Law in the New Kingdom of Poland 波兰新王国对原有波兰国内法的教学
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Iuridica Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.18778/0208-6069.99.13
Dorota Wiśniewska
{"title":"The Teaching of Pre-Existing National Polish Law in the New Kingdom of Poland","authors":"Dorota Wiśniewska","doi":"10.18778/0208-6069.99.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18778/0208-6069.99.13","url":null,"abstract":"The changes in the social and economic system taking place in the Kingdom of Poland prompted the need for legal education at the university level. The functioning of universities dealing with teaching in this area, however, met various obstacles, mainly due to the reluctance of the central authorities of the Russian Empire. \u0000At the universities established in the following years, the aim was not only to prepare future lawyers in practice, but also to implement a broader model of education. Therefore, among other fields, the old Polish law was tutored, which gradually ceased to be binding, and finally became a historical law.","PeriodicalId":32743,"journal":{"name":"Acta Universitatis Lodziensis Folia Iuridica","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82642337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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