{"title":"Sensitivity Analysis of LSTM Networks for Fall Detection Wearable Sensors","authors":"J. Matos-Carvalho, S. D. Correia, Slavisa Tomic","doi":"10.1109/CIoT57267.2023.10084906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIoT57267.2023.10084906","url":null,"abstract":"Falling detection concerns identifying and alerting when a person falls or experiences a sudden loss of balance. It is an important safety feature, particularly for elderly or vulnerable individuals, as falls can lead to severe injuries. One applicable technique is employing Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks that can be used for falling detection by processing data from sensors, such as accelerometers or gyroscopes, to identify patterns associated with falls. This paper demonstrates that a single LSTM layer can be used for this purpose. Still, multiple LSTM layers can improve the system’s performance with less processing time, reaching 99.13% of accuracy with 4.35% of loss values. Furthermore, this work thoroughly studies the sensitivity of the size of an LSTM cell, demonstrating that it is not necessary to obtain a size close to the timestamp of the features and thus save hardware resources.","PeriodicalId":327213,"journal":{"name":"2023 6th Conference on Cloud and Internet of Things (CIoT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125733940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Soft Information Relay Models","authors":"Kasun Wickramarathna, D. Jayakody","doi":"10.1109/CIoT57267.2023.10084889","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIoT57267.2023.10084889","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional cooperative wireless networks suffer from error propagation to the destination in poor channel conditions. The incorrect decoding at the relay and low signalto-noise ratio (SNR) on the source-relay link causes significant degradation of the system. Thus, Soft Information Relaying (SIR) is presented as a robust technique to overcome this issue. This work studies the various decoder design techniques and associated soft noise distribution of the main SIR schemes and then introduces a noise amplification factor to reduce the effect of the relay link. It helps to model the distribution of log-likelihood ratio (LLR) distribution at the destination approximately Gaussian in parallel relay schemes. Further, the Bit Error Rate (BER) performance of each wireless relay scheme under single and multiple systems is evaluated. Also, the mutual information-based forwarding (MIF) SIR scheme outperforms all other traditional SIR schemes.","PeriodicalId":327213,"journal":{"name":"2023 6th Conference on Cloud and Internet of Things (CIoT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128863249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juliana El Rayess, K. Khawam, S. Lahoud, M. Helou, Steven Martin
{"title":"Study of LoRaWAN Networks Reliability","authors":"Juliana El Rayess, K. Khawam, S. Lahoud, M. Helou, Steven Martin","doi":"10.1109/CIoT57267.2023.10084880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIoT57267.2023.10084880","url":null,"abstract":"The Internet of Things (IoT) is a rapidly evolving field that incorporates a wide range of technologies and applications, enabling the seamless integration of everyday objects into the digital world. The effective integration of IoT into various systems requires the implementation of lightweight solutions to overcome the challenges posed by highly dense networks and constrained resources, including computational power, memory capacity, and battery life. The present research is dedicated to investigating a specific context of the Internet of Things (Io’T), namely LoRaWAN, in which devices communicate with the access network using ALOHA-type access and spread spectrum technology. LoRaWAN advocates simplicity in order to reduce drastically the battery consumption, which severely degrades reliability. In this paper we introduce blind repetition in LoRaWAN: a packet is retransmitted a fixed number of times regardless of its good reception. Leveraging on existing data link layer functionalities, we compare this redundant mode to two existing modes, namely the unacknowledged mode and acknowledged mode. We run extensive simulations that consider the capture effect in LoRaWAN, in addition to the non-uniform distribution of devices. In such a realistic scenario, we perform thorough numerical simulations to quantify the discrepancy between the three modes, and identify the traffic conditions for which a given mode has precedence over the two others.","PeriodicalId":327213,"journal":{"name":"2023 6th Conference on Cloud and Internet of Things (CIoT)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132030927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pasan M Premathilaka Payagalage, Chathuranga M. Wijerathna Basnayaka, Dushantha Nalin K.Jayakody, Ambrish Kumar
{"title":"Network Virtualization and Slicing in UAV-enabled Future Networks","authors":"Pasan M Premathilaka Payagalage, Chathuranga M. Wijerathna Basnayaka, Dushantha Nalin K.Jayakody, Ambrish Kumar","doi":"10.1109/CIoT57267.2023.10084908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIoT57267.2023.10084908","url":null,"abstract":"Network slicing is a layer of virtualization of different services of a wireless communication network. The network slicing has its own logical network designed through a larger physical network via the automated allocation of bandwidth, quality of service (QoS) and other network functions. In this paper, we first review the existing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-enabled wireless networks for virtualization and slicing functions in the literature to date and then state a few future UAV-enabled wireless networks that are suitable for upcoming applications and technologies including smart grids, remote surgery, autonomous cars, terahertz communication, wireless power transfer, re-configurable intelligent Surfaces.","PeriodicalId":327213,"journal":{"name":"2023 6th Conference on Cloud and Internet of Things (CIoT)","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127192256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CIoT 2023 Cover Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/ciot57267.2023.10084900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ciot57267.2023.10084900","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":327213,"journal":{"name":"2023 6th Conference on Cloud and Internet of Things (CIoT)","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116738085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Zero-Knowledge and Identity-Based Authentication, Authorization, Access Control, and Key Exchange for Publish/Subscribe in Internet of Things","authors":"I. Simsek","doi":"10.1109/CIoT57267.2023.10084902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIoT57267.2023.10084902","url":null,"abstract":"Clients and brokers have to communicate via secure channels in the broker-based publish/subscribe model which can be regarded as one of the communication models usually used in the Internet of Things (IoT). A secure channel setup needs an authentic key exchange which in turn requires an authentication process. Moreover, it is required to verify that clients publish or subscribe only to authorized topics managed by authorized brokers. Additionally, IoT includes its own security requirements. This paper introduces a novel handshake protocol providing authentication, authorization, and access control with key exchange for the broker-based publish/subscribe model in IoT. In contrast to related work, realizations of these security goals are not disjunct processes and are integrated with each other in our approach combining zero-knowledge and identitybased schemes while meeting the IoT security requirements. Thus, it supports autonomy in IoT and does not require any public data pre-distribution or secret pre-sharing between communicating entities. Moreover, no third party has to hold any entity-specific authentication and authorization data. While being independent of publish/subscribe protocols without requiring additional components and procedures, our handshake protocol is resistant to active man in the middle attacks and does not include costly cryptographic operations. This paper also evaluates the performance of our approach with regard to multiple affecting factors.","PeriodicalId":327213,"journal":{"name":"2023 6th Conference on Cloud and Internet of Things (CIoT)","volume":"216 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121042966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Furqan Ali, D. Jayakody, M. Beko, S. D. Correia
{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Vertical VLC Link in Mixed Water Mediums","authors":"Mohammad Furqan Ali, D. Jayakody, M. Beko, S. D. Correia","doi":"10.1109/CIoT57267.2023.10084904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIoT57267.2023.10084904","url":null,"abstract":"The aqueous mediums are mostly unexplored sectors because of harsh channel conditions. The exploration of shallow and deep water reservoirs necessarily important to observe the marine lives existence as well as the early detection warning of natural hazards. Throughout this research, we present a closedform expression of end-to-end (E2E) performance metrics such as bit-error-rate (BER) and outage probability of the system in consideration of strong turbulence channel conditions along with the presence of pointing error and in the absence of misalignment phenomenon of transceivers because of water currents. Additionally, the system model is designed under Gamma-Gamma distribution for strong turbulence channel conditions and the exponential distribution model is used for optimizing pointing errors. Finally, the numerical and simulation results show the E2E performances of the proposed system model and verify through the experimental and analytical expressions.","PeriodicalId":327213,"journal":{"name":"2023 6th Conference on Cloud and Internet of Things (CIoT)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126283936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammad Beyrouti, A. Lounis, Benjamin Lussier, A. Bouabdallah, A. Samhat
{"title":"Vulnerability and Threat Assessment Framework for Internet of Things Systems","authors":"Mohammad Beyrouti, A. Lounis, Benjamin Lussier, A. Bouabdallah, A. Samhat","doi":"10.1109/CIoT57267.2023.10084894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIoT57267.2023.10084894","url":null,"abstract":"The introduction of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in different domains and systems has led to a spectacular increase in the number of connected objects. However, this increase in resource-constrained devices was accompanied by numerous vulnerabilities, allowing attackers to penetrate deeply into IoT networks. As identifying these vulnerabilities is a difficult task, our work aims to propose a general threat and vulnerability assessment process, taking into consideration the IoT constraints to identify and assess the vulnerabilities and possible attacks on IoT networks. This process uses several existing databases but focuses on entries relevant to IoT components. We validate our approach using an IoT smart healthcare system as a case study. The suggested approach has produced an applicable methodology to provide a tool for users, vendors, and researchers to be aware of vulnerabilities and possible attacks on an IoT system.","PeriodicalId":327213,"journal":{"name":"2023 6th Conference on Cloud and Internet of Things (CIoT)","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122840203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paulo Alexandre Neves, N. Gonçalves, Pedro Varanda, João Simões, Filipe Pires, N. Garcia, Ricardo Costa, Eftim Zdravevski, I. Pires
{"title":"Feasibility analysis of an electrogastrography sensor for digestion detection","authors":"Paulo Alexandre Neves, N. Gonçalves, Pedro Varanda, João Simões, Filipe Pires, N. Garcia, Ricardo Costa, Eftim Zdravevski, I. Pires","doi":"10.1109/CIoT57267.2023.10084882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIoT57267.2023.10084882","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a preliminary study on the use of an electrogastrography sensor for digestion detection and monitoring. The chosen architecture is based on the BITalino platform, with a three-lead sensor array and a data acquisition and communication board. Data is gathered through Bluetooth with a computer running OpenSignals software. Although currently a process to evaluate feasibility of other devices for dietary practice is not defined, this study focusses on analysis of detection, social acceptability, comfort, and battery life. The first results seem promising, with clear detection of stomach digestion movements. However, a more refined solution must be faced in order to improve on comfort and acceptability. Future work includes data processing and logging to help detect abnormal digestion patterns and the relation with nutrition quality.","PeriodicalId":327213,"journal":{"name":"2023 6th Conference on Cloud and Internet of Things (CIoT)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130040095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Probability-Based Crossover Genetic Algorithm for Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing","authors":"Saleh Al Shamaa, Wei Shi, Georges Ankenmann","doi":"10.1109/CIoT57267.2023.10084877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIoT57267.2023.10084877","url":null,"abstract":"In order to meet the rising demand for cloud services and remain in compliance with Service Level Agreements (SLA), service providers require effective task scheduling solutions capable of adapting to cloud computing’s elastic and dynamic characteristics.In this paper, we propose a novel approach to optimize task scheduling in cloud computing called a ProbabilityBased Crossover Genetic Algorithm (PxGA) with a primary objective of minimizing the tasks execution makespan. PxGA is an improvement on the Genetic Algorithm (GA) achieved by introducing the concept of Virtual Machine (VM) fitness and applying it to implement an effective weighted probabilistic crossover technique. Using the CloudSim simulation toolkit, we conduct our analysis of PxGA and evaluate it against standard and more recent task scheduling algorithms. The results of the simulations show that our proposed task scheduling algorithm is superior to other task scheduling algorithms in terms of the makespan, the VMs energy consumption, and the degree of imbalance (DoI). Moreover, the computational time (CT) for the PxGA decreases when compared against the other evaluated algorithms, except for its base GA.","PeriodicalId":327213,"journal":{"name":"2023 6th Conference on Cloud and Internet of Things (CIoT)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114662178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}