Pharos Journal of Theology最新文献

{"title":"The Church in a Digital Society: An Effort to Transform Church Ministry in Indonesia","authors":"Daniel Ronda, Fajar Gumelar, Hengki Wijaya","doi":"10.46222/pharosjot.10526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.10526","url":null,"abstract":"The development of technology has had a very significant impact on many aspects of human life, including the religious one. Regarding the effects, how should the Church carry out its tasks and calling in the middle of the rapidly advancing technology in Indonesia? This research applied the descriptive-qualitative method, emphasizing inductive reasoning, in which the researcher tried to develop a hypothesis from observations. The data collection was done with a bibliographical study by taking references from relevant books, academic journals, and online articles. The research suggests the Church should avoid viewing the world’s reality and digital society with a binary opposition lens. The Church must realize her mission to the world (in which digital culture is included), that is, to disciple the people for Christ. As ‘The Word’ has become ‘The Flesh’, the Church must also incarnate itself digitally. With her presence in \u0000the middle of the digital society, the Church must digitally carry out her tasks/calling-marturia (witnessing), koinonia (community), and diakonia (service). A digital Church must solidify itself within the digital society in the struggle to wade through the strong current of information and communication technology development for a more effective service to humanity.","PeriodicalId":32676,"journal":{"name":"Pharos Journal of Theology","volume":"141 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138622300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Misconceptions of Jihad: A Constructivist Review of the Meaning of Struggle in Islam in the Modern Era: Analysis of the verses al-Amwaal wa al-Nafs","authors":"Aulia Rahma Ritonga, Firmansyah, Achyar Zein, Abdi Mubarak Syam, Noviawan Rasyid Ohorella","doi":"10.46222/pharosjot.1053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.1053","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to correct the misconceptions of jihad that some people have misunderstood as being the actual only meaning. In the Indonesian context, Jihad is often understood as a call to arms. Ironically, Jihad has become a scapegoat for terrorism cases in various parts of the world. Ideally, the Qur'an sets the word ‘Jihad’ differently from the word ‘vital’ so that the meaning of Jihad can be interpreted multi-dimensionally. The urgency of this article is to reconstruct the ideal meaning of Jihad according to the desired level of the Qur'an. This article uses qualitative research with data collection techniques of literature observation and interviews with interpreters. The data collected was analyzed using content analysis techniques. The results showed that the context of jihad contained in the Qur'an does not only discuss war but has additional important connotations. There is the concept of Jihad of wealth (al-Amwaal) and Jihad of body or soul (al-Nafs). This concept is often overlooked because the level of jihad in society, especially in the West, is always related to war. The actualization of Jihad in its true essence in the modern era is urgently in need of application, especially in Indonesia. Jihad of wealth and jihad of body and soul is a profound concept that aims to improve the social order and create a harmonious balance through the values contained in the Qur'an.","PeriodicalId":32676,"journal":{"name":"Pharos Journal of Theology","volume":"26 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138624845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Love of Christ in Husband - Wife relationships based on Ephesians 5:22 – 33 - Implications for Christian Families","authors":"Herling Fredriek Bulahari, Muner Daliman, Tonny Andrian Stefanus, M. Windarti, Tamba Parulian","doi":"10.46222/pharosjot.1055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.1055","url":null,"abstract":"The Bible contains important teachings about the mysterious relationship between Christ and the Church, as explained in Ephesians 5:22-33. This article highlights the deep relationship between Christ and the Church and has important implications for Christian families in the Church, where teaching about the Christian family especially from Ephesians 5:22–33 is only given or preached at the time of the marriage blessing, and even that is not explained well. So it can be said that the description of Ephesians 5: 22-33 is just a routine without meaning. In Ephesians 5:22-33 the apostle Paul uses the analogy of marriage to explain the relationship between Christ and His church. He compared the relationship between a husband and wife to the relationship that exists \u0000between Christ and the church. Just as a husband is the head of his wife, Christ is the head of the church. It emphasizes the surrender of the church to the authority of Christ and the love and sacrifice Christ gave to His church. This passage emphasizes even more the sacrificial love that husbands must have for their wives, just as Christ loved the Church and gave himself for her, husbands are also called to love their wives as Christ loves and cares for the Church. This underscores the importance of selflessness, grace and devotion in a Christian marriage by each of the spouses. Ephesians 5:22-33 moderates the patriarchal view of marriage, and it re-expresses the concepts of submission and leadership in a family. The wife should always submit to her husband's authority as she would to Jesus Christ. The husband needs to always exercise his authority with love and try to imitate Christ.","PeriodicalId":32676,"journal":{"name":"Pharos Journal of Theology","volume":"38 3‐4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138626044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Weeding Syncretism from Pentecostal Wheat in Zimbabwe","authors":"Kimion Tagwirei","doi":"10.46222/pharosjot.10532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.10532","url":null,"abstract":"The swift spread, establishment, and dynamism of Pentecostalism has in its diverse manifestations stirred a multitude of complex questions and dilemmas. While its contextualization is intertwined with syncretism, by which is meant the incorporation or attempted amalgamation of different religions with diverse schools of thought, the exceptional growth of Pentecostalism in Zimbabwe far surpasses its connection with syncretic elements. This study reveals that most Pentecostals are diligent and aggressive in praying, planting churches, and living out their faith. Their commitment extends beyond mere words to contextually needful exploits, such as prophecy, healing, deliverance, and economic prosperity. However, their inclusive contextualization has at times ensnared them in potentially detrimental syncretic practices. Problematically, the evaluation of their syncretic practices is complicated by the delicate distinction between contextualization and syncretism. It is akin to the challenging task of removing weeds from a field of wheat, where there is a risk of uprooting the wheat prematurely. Engaging with existing literature, employing interpretive phenomenology and participative observations, this article explores how we should respond to Pentecostal syncretism. Refactoring the development of Pentecostalism in Zimbabwe through a number of factors such as its missionized apostolic governance, diversified economics, transformational leitourgia, aggressive kerygma, and contextualization, it draws lessons from the parable of the wheat and weeds (Matthew 13:24 to 30, and verses 36 to 43) to propose sustainable strategies that can be used to manage syncretism without ravaging the integral Pentecostal missionary being.","PeriodicalId":32676,"journal":{"name":"Pharos Journal of Theology","volume":" 68","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138611668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council Supporting Halal Certification and the Progress of Indonesian Muslims","authors":"Sigit Hardiyanto, Faisal Eriza, Hatta Ridho, Faisal Fadilla Noorikhsan, Dimas Agustian, Putri Evi Oviyanti Batubara","doi":"10.46222/pharosjot.10521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.10521","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia's efforts to make the country the center of the halal industry give theological and religious perspectives an essential role when making critical decisions. The Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council on halal products has an influence that is believed to guide and foster the Muslim faith in Indonesia. This study aims to look at the implications of the Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council on halal products in Indonesia, which affect the beliefs of Muslims in Indonesia. The research method used was a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection was conducted through document study related to the research context. The data analysis technique was done by data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that although the Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council on halal products is not legally binding, Muslim communities in Indonesia believe and are attached to the Fatwa as part of carrying out religious orders. Fatwa implications affect the religiosity, \u0000spirituality, and inclusiveness of Muslim beliefs in Indonesia about halal products with the involvement of Ulama. The Indonesian Ulema Council's Fatwa on halal products is vital in the halal industry in Indonesia, which is believed to show obedience in carrying out the teachings of Islam and is vital when viewed theologically.","PeriodicalId":32676,"journal":{"name":"Pharos Journal of Theology","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138619045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From advocating to attending: The shifting role of the South African Council of Churches during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Thembelani Jentile","doi":"10.46222/pharosjot.10525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.10525","url":null,"abstract":"The South African Council of Churches (SACC) has been on the receiving end of criticism from scholars since 1994. This article contends that the 2020 national lockdown at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic was the pinnacle of the renewal of the SACC. Churches had to contend with the question of “the new normal for churches”, as they grappled with, among other issues, distant communication, social and economic relief, law enforcement brutality against citizens, domestic violence, encouragement of frontline workers, and the place of faith, science, and traditional medicine in combatting the deadly virus. Analysing primarily e-mails to member churches, media coverage, and documents from the SACC between March, 17th and September 2020, this paper undertook a systematic approach to the SACC’s response to the national lockdown. The SACC analysed its context through consultation with external bodies and member churches. It also prayed and reflected on the immediate challenges faced by the country. The paper concludes that the SACC took a more pastoral posture, with a shift from “advocating to attending” reminiscent of the pre-1994 church.","PeriodicalId":32676,"journal":{"name":"Pharos Journal of Theology","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138614726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biblical and theological understanding of the Word: הָָֽכ ָר ְּב in the Pentateuch","authors":"G. Harianto, N. Sahertian, Tony Salurante, D. Ming","doi":"10.46222/pharosjot.10522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.10522","url":null,"abstract":"The word \"blessing\" which first appears in the Bible is when Elohim blesses the creatures He created to reproduce and multiply in water and the air (Genesis 1:22). Elohim blessed humans to rule over nature and all creation (Genesis 1:28). Elohim blessed the Sabbath (Genesis 2: 3), he blessed people like Abraham (Genesis 12: 2-3; 18:18), Jacob (Genesis 28:14). Through Abraham, Elohim blesses his descendants and the nations. Blessings become ‘human life’ (Genesis 1:28). This research seeks to answer the questions: How does The Pentateuch speak of Elohim's Promise as a source of blessings? How does The Pentateuch speak of the authority of blessings? How does The Pentateuch speak of the purpose of a blessing? What about The Pentateuch is special? Talking about forms of blessing? How does The Pentateuch speak of the qualifications for blessings?. The results of Elohim's blessings can be divided into three major groups: (1) spiritual blessings are blessings related to powers that are beyond human strength, such as the blessing of salvation and the blessing of peace. (2) physical blessings are blessings that include physical needs (clothing, food, shelter, and health), such as blessings of long life, blessings of salvation, blessings of peace, blessings of flesh (blessings of long life, blessings of radiant faces), blessings of offspring, thanks to protection, thanks to wealth, thanks to prosperity, thanks to health, and thanks to honor. (3) The Blessing of Faith is a blessing given by Elohim because of his faith (belief; commitment), such as the blessing of obedience, the blessing of loving Elohim, the blessing of worshiping Elohim, and the blessing of influence.","PeriodicalId":32676,"journal":{"name":"Pharos Journal of Theology","volume":"122 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138608350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kazakh superstitions between humans and nature as a system of compatibility in theology","authors":"Yerkebulan Yerzhanov, Alikbayeva Marzhan, Omirbekova Aliya, Kaupenbayeva Sama, Seisenbayeva Akbota, Aisulu Khairuldayeva","doi":"10.46222/pharosjot.10517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.10517","url":null,"abstract":"The unity of man and nature is associated in many philosophical currents with different levels of world unity. This is especially true of al-Farabi's concept of the world under the moon. Although ontological problems are posed at a high level in the concepts of space and time in modern philosophy and classical physics, they become functions of infinity, which are absolutely separate from man. Of course, there is a mutual creative activity and inseparable unity of man and the world, which should not come as a surprise after the concepts of \"light world\" and the twin of man and the world in Kazakh culture. Here we can talk about the correctness and falsity of the world around the ancient man of the East, about the \"maya\" of his world, but the path to man - the real Tao - becomes clear from the moon, and the external being - the landscape in motion. only. It is possible to say that cognition in these cultures is whole, specially reflected; it does not divide the world into parts, it does not study it in detail, it does not lose the \"colors\" of the world, it is not rationalized; where attempts to blindly conquer nature are irrational, and so on.","PeriodicalId":32676,"journal":{"name":"Pharos Journal of Theology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138609821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Air Hidup” Therapy Model based on Psalm 42-43 to Mitigate Depression in Church Congregations: An Explanatory - Confirmation Study","authors":"Simeon Sulistyo, Muner Daliman, G. Harianto, P. Purwoko","doi":"10.46222/pharosjot.1052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.1052","url":null,"abstract":"Depression is something that affects all human beings. Untreated depression can hurt people's lives. Not only can depression make Christians question God or feel distant from Him, but it also makes living in Christian community more trying. Depression can be very challenging for Christians because there are regrettably fallacies and stigmas associated with it. This research uses an explanatory-confirmatory approach and aims to formulate and use the \"Air Hidup\" (Living Water) Therapy Model to recover church members from depressive states. The research results were interesting: First, in testing the first hypothesis that there is a high level of confirmation in \"Air Hidup\" therapy based on Psalms 42-43 to heal depression in church members, thus the hypothesis was declared accepted. In testing the second hypothesis that the proposed idea has a moderate confirmation level in \"Air Hidup\" therapy based on Psalms 42-43 in people with everyday conditions (minimally depressed category according to the BDI-II scale) in the Church congregation, the hypothesis proposed was highly confirmed. Thus, the idea is declared rejected. In testing the third hypothesis that there is a high level of screening in the BDI-II before \"Air Hidup\" therapy based on Psalms 42-43 to heal depression in church members, the hypothesis was also declared accepted. In testing the fourth hypothesis that there is a low screening rate in the BDI-II after \"Air Hidup\" therapy based on Psalms 42-43 to cure depression in church members, the hypothesis was also declared accepted. The characteristics included in the Air Hidup Therapy model are (1) God's Word as the pillar of implementing \"Air Hidup\" therapy. (2) \"Air Hidup\" therapy as a solution to recovery from depression in the Synod congregation of the Word Restoration Church. (3) Developing \"Air Hidup\" therapy to prevent depression at the Word Restoration Church Synod. (4) \"Air Hidup\" Therapy as an Online Service for Church Congregations. It was thus determined that the \"Air Hidup\" Therapy Model based on Psalms 42-43 is indeed highly appropriate and effective for recovering depression in church members and must be used as a religion-based therapy model to ease depression in congregants.","PeriodicalId":32676,"journal":{"name":"Pharos Journal of Theology","volume":" 95","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138612497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political and Legal Improvisation on the Issue of Religious Politicization: A Study of the Forum for Religious Harmony in Indonesia","authors":"Alwi Dahlan Ritonga, Cynthia Hadita, Mawardi, S. M. A. Attas, Baskoro Wicaksono, Munzaimah Masril","doi":"10.46222/pharosjot.1056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.1056","url":null,"abstract":"Religious harmony in Indonesia still necessitates special attention since a balance must be established among the country's six religions. From a political and legal standpoint, examining the Religious Harmony Forum's performance in sustaining religious harmony in Indonesia is vital. This study employed the normative juridical research approach. The statutory technique was adopted, and the library research method was the search system. According to the findings, encouraging religious unity through the Religious Unity Forum is vital in preventing religion from becoming politicized in Indonesia. Concerns are developing about the role of religion, particularly Islam, in coping with the growing prominence of extremist groups, notably by justifying religious \u0000politicization. As problems and policies concerning intra-and inter-religious harmony are improved politically and legally through an institution known as the Religious Harmony Forum, it is critical to encourage the passage of the Draft Law on Religious Harmony as soon as possible in order to strengthen the Religious Harmony Forum's role in maintaining religious harmony in Indonesia. Communication is crucial in building intra- and inter-religious harmony and preventing religion from being politicized in Indonesia.","PeriodicalId":32676,"journal":{"name":"Pharos Journal of Theology","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138612805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}