Pharos Journal of Theology最新文献

{"title":"Abu Ya’la ibn al-Farra’ (990-1066 CE) and the influence of his ideas on the formation of the views of Ibn Taymiyyah (1263-1328 CE)","authors":"L. Maevskaya, K. Aga","doi":"10.46222/pharosjot.105.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.105.31","url":null,"abstract":"The research relevance is predefined by the ideas of the religious figure Abu Ya’la ibn al-Farra’ and his influence on the formation and development of the ideas of another religious figure Ibn Taymiyyah and the insufficient study of idea formation in the modern stage. The research aims to examine the impact of Abu Ya’la’s religious views on the formation and development of Ibn Taymiyyah’s religious concepts. The main research objective is to analyse the doctrines of Abu Ya’la ibn al-Farra’ and Ibn Taymiyyah and to determine how the ideology of one figure influenced the views of the other. The\u0000following research methods were used: structural-functional, dialectical, synthesis, logical, generalisation, and comparative analysis. The research findings demonstrate that Ibn Taymiyyah frequently consulted the works of Abu Ya'la and actively endorsed philosophy while developing his own ideological concepts. Throughout their lives, Abu Ya’la and Ibn Taymiyyah followed the tanzih aqidah and later began to follow the tashbih aqidah. They led an active political life and organised insurgencies. The research’s practical significance is predefined by the theoretical provisions, conclusions and recommendations that can be used in educational institutions by teachers and\u0000students to improve knowledge about the formation of two religious concepts, and the influence of Abu Ya’la ibn al-Farra’s ideas on the formation of Ibn Taymiyyah’s ideas, as well as by other scholars studying Islam in general, as well as the Hanbali school.","PeriodicalId":32676,"journal":{"name":"Pharos Journal of Theology","volume":"114 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141234585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Shakarim Kudaiberdiev’s Work on the Economic, Cultural, and Spiritual Development of Kazakhstan in the Late 19th Century and Early 20th Century","authors":"Nurzhan Smagulov, Mukhan Issakhan, R. Mukhitdinov, Azamat Zhamashev","doi":"10.46222/pharosjot.105.314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.105.314","url":null,"abstract":"The significance and relevance of the issues are predetermined by the fact, that, by the time of Shakarim Kudaiberdiev’s activity, the political and social situation of Kazakhstan in the early 20th century was on the verge of collapse. The main factor that influenced this situation was the policy of spreading illiteracy, people alienated from religion language, and writing. From the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Kazakhstan suffered from the colonial policies of the Russian Empire. Currently Kudaiberdiev writes a work “Catechism of Muslims”. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the consequences of the creative work on the economic and spiritual and cultural development of Kazakhstan. During the analysis, several scientific sources and materials were analyzed, and the following scientific methods were used: structural-functional and dialectical methods, the method of synthesis, logical and comparative analysis, and the method of generalization. During the research, it was proved that in the works of Shakarim Kudaiberdiev the calls to fight against the policy of tsarist Russia and to revive their language, customs, religion, and history were present. The main result of this research is proof that the works of Shakarim Kudaiberdiev had a tremendous impact on the social status, culture, religion, and language of the Kazakh people. His works acted in opposition to Russian policy and encouraged people who were tired of colonial oppression. The research on this issue is actively developed, therefore this work is of practical value for the definition of the role of Shakarim’s creativity during the economic, cultural, social, and political development of Kazakhstan at the end of 19 – the beginning of 20 century.","PeriodicalId":32676,"journal":{"name":"Pharos Journal of Theology","volume":"4 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141230210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"African Pentecostalism and Ecological Spirituality: Liturgy and Supplication from a Pneumatology Perspective","authors":"Patricia Dudu Ngwena","doi":"10.46222/pharosjot.105.322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.105.322","url":null,"abstract":"The article substantiates to highlight the importance of Pentecostal hermeneutic reference to liturgy, pneumatology, and ecclesiology. African Pentecostals worship in a manner that embodies the Holy Spirit in all aspect of worship, bearing in mind interactive acts which connects the worshipping community together with the living God and not a faraway saviour of humanity, but God all of creation. All of creation responds to the creator in worship and adoration. This brings to the fore the pervasiveness of the Spirit as the spring of life, on which the interrelated, interconnectedness and full participation of all of creation hinges. Communities are bound together by their charismatic Pentecostal experiences and common acquaintance particularly with \u0000alienation and biased judgement based on ecclesiological views and radical spirituality. While Pentecostal hermeneutics fueled by works of the Holy Spirit is distinct from other hermeneutics, the danger is when Scriptures are mis-interpreted and used out of context. Spirituality conveys an amalgamated integral or component analysis regarding its historical background, interpretation, and practice. African spirituality is therefore, understood ‘as a collective entity’ It is expressed within the connectedness of individuals, groups of people which forms the community. Therefore,\u0000individual spirituality within an African context is practised in a way that ensures the wellbeing of the entire community. In practicality it involves one’s immersion into the livelihoods within the shared space through participation in one’s community (Magesa, 2010:71). African spirituality is basically a moral obligation related to African lifeworlds and religiosity within the community at large. Ecological spirituality from the African context becomes the unifying power between humanity and the natural world by enhancing relations and accountability towards the earth community. Ecological spiritually brings forth the depth of ethics exhibiting highlighting environmental concerns intrinsically and inextricably are intertwined (Ngwena, 2021:56).","PeriodicalId":32676,"journal":{"name":"Pharos Journal of Theology","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141404177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patch in the ritual and daily practice of the Turkic people","authors":"A. Khazbulatov, Zhihui Liang, Z. Shaigozova, A. Ibragimov","doi":"10.46222/pharosjot.105.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.105.32","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the study of the patch as a stable tradition of the spiritual and material-artistic culture of the Turkic peoples. The patch is considered as a \"participant\" in ritual and ritual practice and manual artistic craft. The scientific novelty of the results lies in the fact that for the first-time sources on the ritual and everyday practice of the Turkic peoples with the participation of the patch have been systematized. The collected material is summarized and formed as a comprehensive study. The reconstruction of the functions and the role of the patch in the ritual and daily practice of the Turkic peoples was carried out on the basis of a comparative analysis. The general and distinctive features in the artistic and technological techniques of patchwork technique\u0000are established and systematized. Ethnographic materials were collected during field research in the period 2019-2021 and introduce a set of factual sources into the history of art of the peoples of Central Asia. The findings can be used in developments in the field of ethnoculturology of the Turkic world.","PeriodicalId":32676,"journal":{"name":"Pharos Journal of Theology","volume":"8 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141230255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of causes and factors of the spread of takfirism in Kazakhstan","authors":"Yerkinbek Shokay, Shamshadin Kerim, R. Mukhitdinov, Yergali Alpysbayev","doi":"10.46222/pharosjot.105.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.105.34","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to analyse the emergence of takfirism, its spread and its evolution in contemporary Kazakh society. The methodological foundation of the study was provided by general theoretical methods of scientific cognition, and various methods of collecting and systematising information. Among the general scientific methods are the method of theoretical analysis; the historical method of comparing individual religious movements of different periods in Kazakhstan, and the specific scientific and philosophical-religious methods of research. The results have suggested that unfounded takfirism poses a threat to the sustainability of diverse communities in\u0000Kazakhstan. The religious, ideological and theological preconditions for takfirism in Kazakhstan were analysed. Noted the diversity of approaches by Muslim scholars to understanding and interpreting the ayats of the Qur'an. Presented aspects of distortion in interpreting the essence of Shariah texts. Noted that the influence of political and social factors is significant. Focuses on some of the socio- psychological aspects of the development of radical attitudes among young people. The qualities inherent in young people that enable them to resist external non-ideological attacks are identified.\u0000Illiteracy, poor quality of education and the low culture of some people in Muslim countries are among the key elements. It was noted that the main factor in takfirism in Kazakhstan is the influence of the Salafi-Wahhabi movement. The practical significance of the study is that its content is of interest in developing the worldview of contemporary young people in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The results can be used as a teaching and practical material for students and researchers on contemporary history and religion in Kazakhstan.","PeriodicalId":32676,"journal":{"name":"Pharos Journal of Theology","volume":"13 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141233343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Religious orientations on attitude toward a secular state: Case of Evangelical Lutheran Churches in north regions of Kazakhstan","authors":"Gilimbek Mazhiyev, Rakhymzhan Rashimbetov, Nurlan Kairbekov","doi":"10.46222/pharosjot.105.311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.105.311","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study was to explore the connections between orientations (Quest, Intrinsic, and Extrinsic) and peoples' attitudes towards a secular state among members of the Evangelical Lutheran Churches in the northern regions of Kazakhstan. To achieve this, established scales were used to assess participants' perspectives on secularism and their religious orientations. The article analyses the opinion on the separation of church and state using measures of tendency. There were also calculated Pearson correlation coefficients to understand how religious beliefs interacted with views on governance. The findings indicated that there was an inclination towards\u0000secularism among the participants. While some respondents valued the guidance provided by the Church in decisions, others preferred a separation between religious institutions and legislative affairs. However, when examining orientations, none showed a significant influence on attitudes towards a secular state. This highlights the relationship between religious beliefs and societal views on governance. Overall, this study emphasises that while religious orientation provides insights into beliefs, it does not solely determine attitudes towards secularism. It underscores that belief systems\u0000are multifaceted and interact intricately with governance perspectives. Future research should focus on uncovering factors that influence these perspectives within and beyond the Evangelical Lutheran Church.","PeriodicalId":32676,"journal":{"name":"Pharos Journal of Theology","volume":"47 37","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141232491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Current State and Ways of Improving Islamic Education in the Republic of Kazakhstan","authors":"Baktybay Beisenbayev, Aliy Almukhametov","doi":"10.46222/pharosjot.105.315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.105.315","url":null,"abstract":"The active development of modern information and digital society activates the issues of prospects and the search for ways of high-quality training of applicants for higher education in the speciality “Islamic Studies” in Kazakhstan and the creation of a modern system of methodological tools for such training as a guarantee of success and competitiveness of specialists in the field of Islamic studies in modern conditions on the labour market. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to improve the system of methodological tools used in the process of preparing applicants for higher education in Kazakhstan. In the course of a study conducted at the Egyptian University of Islamic Culture Nur Mubarak (Almaty) and the College of the Astana Madrassa, a methodological system for training applicants for technical and professional, post-secondary, and higher education in the speciality “Islamic Studies” is developed. In the course of the study, a survey is conducted among students and teachers to examine the level of Islamic education in the Republic of Kazakhstan for the following components of the survey: motivation for learning, development of professional competencies, use of innovative technologies and techniques, ways to improve Islamic education, problems of Islamic education, social interest of the population regarding Islamic education. Recommendations for improving the quality of Islamic education are formulated. This research identifies potential advancements in the methodology for educating candidates at technical, vocational, post-secondary, and tertiary levels, with a focus on incorporating aspects of preparedness for Islamic education. The study's practical contribution lies in its development of an enhanced methodological framework. This framework aims to elevate the education of candidates pursuing technical and professional, post-secondary, and higher education, particularly in shaping future experts during their academic journey in Kazakhstan's specialized higher education institutions.","PeriodicalId":32676,"journal":{"name":"Pharos Journal of Theology","volume":"55 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141235678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jewellery Development in Right-Bank Ukraine and Galicia (XVI-XIX Centuries): Insights from Precious Ecclesiastical Artifacts","authors":"Kateryna Kostiuchenko","doi":"10.46222/pharosjot.105.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.105.33","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the development of jewellery in Right-Bank Ukraine and Galicia from the XVI to XIX centuries, focusing on precious ecclesiastical artifacts as evidence of the flourishing of Ukrainian goldsmithing. The relevance of the research stems from its detailed exploration of ecclesiastical jewellery in Right-Bank Ukraine and Galicia, providing a unique perspective on the region's artistic heritage and European cultural integration. The purpose is studying the artistic techniques used by Lviv and Kyiv jewellers in creating church artifacts like domes, icon covers, and other ecclesiastical items. The historical-genetic method enabled comprehensively analysing the\u0000evolution of Right-Bank Ukrainian jewellery in the example of church artifacts. Periodization identified three stages of Ukrainian goldsmithing's development in the XVI-XIX centuries. The system- structural method emphasized Western European cultural influence on overall Ukrainian jewellery. The typological approach reflected empirical reality of Right-Bank Ukrainian jewellery development as evidence of flourishing culture. Narrative described and explained the significance of jewellery artifacts at each stage of the formation of Ukrainian goldsmithing. Research materials included art\u0000organizations' experience, archaeological documentation, and museum exhibits. As a result of the research, the article presents the work of such Kyiv masters as: Iyeremiya Biletskyy, Ivan Ravych, and Matviy Narunovych. Detailed descriptions of works of art by Lviv and Kyiv masters of the XVI- XIX centuries are provided. And information about the Kyiv goldsmith shop is displayed. Conclusions confirm that Right-Bank Ukraine and Galicia were a stronghold of European jewellery styles in the 16th-19th centuries. The study of church artefacts by Ukrainian craftsmen shows a special cultural mentality shaped by centuries-old traditions and the multidenominational nature of Christian faiths. Thus, the materials of the article represent a practical value for historians, ethnographers, and architects who are interested in the construction of Orthodox churches; and jewellers engaged in artistic blacksmithing.","PeriodicalId":32676,"journal":{"name":"Pharos Journal of Theology","volume":"64 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141231666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hasan al-Turabi's Pragmatic Approach to Establishing an Islamic State in Sudan","authors":"Ahmad Nabilul Maram, Husein Aziz, M. R. Nasir","doi":"10.46222/pharosjot.105.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.105.317","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines the pragmatic approach of Hasan al-Turabi, a key figure in the Sudanese Islamic movement, in fighting for an Islamic state. Using qualitative analysis that combines the concepts of pragmatism and social movement theory, this study reveals al Turabi's strategy in translating Islamic ideals into political action, including building alliances with various religious factions and exploiting revolutionary momentum. Findings demonstrate al-Turabi's success in advancing Islamization and shaping Sudan's socio-political landscape but also faced challenges in the consistent implementation of Sharia and protection of the rights of marginalized groups. Comparisons with Islamist figures such as Rached Ghannouchi and Recep Tayyip Erdogan highlight the particularities of the Sudanese context and variations in the strategies and outcomes of political Islamist movements. This study deepens our understanding of the complex dynamics between political pragmatism and religious idealism in Muslim countries, with important implications for inclusive governance. Through a critical exploration of al-Turabi's legacy, this research contributes to discussions about the future of Islamic politics that accommodates diversity and protects the rights of marginalized groups.","PeriodicalId":32676,"journal":{"name":"Pharos Journal of Theology","volume":"120 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141234085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The phenomenon of religious conversion in Kazakhstan and its influence on personality formation","authors":"Anar Zhaxybayeva, Kaskyrbek Kaliyev, Temur Amankul, Shamshat Adilbayeva, Kairat Zatov","doi":"10.46222/pharosjot.105.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46222/pharosjot.105.38","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the phenomenon of religious conversion among non-Muslim nationalities in Kazakhstan following the collapse of the Soviet government and the resurgence of interest in Islam. Through sociologically in-depth interviews, the research reveals that low religious awareness, marriage to a Muslim, social influence, and the presence of a local Muslim community are pivotal factors driving this conversion process. Moreover, the study highlights the broader societal context, including post-Soviet spiritual quests and the quest for meaning, as contributing to the growing interest in religion. As a result of religious conversion, individuals from various backgrounds experience a profound transformation of their personal identity, transitioning from a Christian to a Muslim identity. This transformation fosters closer relations with the Muslim majority in Kazakhstan,\u0000promoting social cohesion and unity in a society where Islam has a significant presence.","PeriodicalId":32676,"journal":{"name":"Pharos Journal of Theology","volume":"6 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141230037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}