MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)最新文献

{"title":"Nutrient loading and coastal plankton blooms: seasonal/interannual successions and effects on secondary production","authors":"R. Livingston","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968149","url":null,"abstract":"A 13-year field analysis of the Perdido Bay system (Gulf of Mexico) indicated that orthophosphate and ammonia loading from a pulp mill was associated with a series of plankton blooms. Bloom species (10) followed distinct seasonal and interannual trends that included the replacement of initial diatom blooms by raphidophytes and dinoflagellates. Long-term habitat changes associated with river flow rates (drought/flood cycles) defined varying susceptibility to bloom development. The initiation and proliferation of plankton blooms were also affected by seasonal changes of temperature, phosphorus and nitrogen loading, and associated nutrient concentration gradients. Plankton blooms were associated with deterioration of secondary production through food web interactions. The bivalve Rangia cuneata was an indicator of such effects. Most scientific efforts continue to overlook the world-wide impacts of anthropogenous nutrient loading and associated plankton blooms due to the lack of long-term analyses of species-specific, community-level phytoplankton assemblages and the replacement of ecosystem studies with patch-quilt ecological efforts that depend on disorganized and inadequate data acquisition and uncoordinated multidisciplinary efforts.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124301882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The design, construction, and testing of a flexible fin propelled autonomous underwater vehicle","authors":"R. Moody","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968424","url":null,"abstract":"Many designs exist for AUVs, however most only lend themselves to cruising type operations. Few designs exist for hovering, station keeping with respect to an object, and moving in all degrees of freedom within a confined space. Propeller-driven AUVs that look similar to ROVs can be used to do this, however, they require 6 propeller units to achieve 6 degree of freedom motion. One alternative is to use oscillating flexible fins (Nektors) to propel the vehicle. Nektors are capable of imparting large forces to the vehicle very quickly thereby providing the accelerations that are needed to change direction or stop quickly. This AUV design is reliable (mechanically and electrically sound), modular, and is small enough to be easily deployed by two people. This AUV is being used for research on control algorithms, Nektor designs, and effect of hull shapes. The paper details the design, construction and some testing of a successfully implemented Nektor based AUV.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124856719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated model-based localization of marine mammals near Hawaii","authors":"C. Tiemann, M. Porter, L. Frazer","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968038","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic data from the Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) hydrophone network near Hawaii is being used to develop a real-time automated alert and tracking algorithm. The sources of interest are marine mammals, humpback whales in particular, which are regularly seen in the vicinity of the PMRF array. The algorithm under development uses acoustic data from six hydrophones plus an acoustic propagation model to construct an ambiguity surface identifying the most probable whale location in a horizontal plane around the array. It has the further advantage that it can be implemented in real-time and without human interaction, making it suitable for automated alert applications.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134272682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooperative positioning and navigation for multiple AUV operations","authors":"P. Baccou, B. Jouvencel, Vincent Creuze, C. Rabaud","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968122","url":null,"abstract":"Tackles the problem of multiple AUV operations. In the implementation of a flotilla, difficulties appears specially for positioning and navigation. We present a method which doesn't use a beacon network like in long baseline positioning system. The principle is to mix communication, dead-reckoned and range measurements. We extend a positioning method already developed (Vaganay et al., 2000, and Baccou et al., 2001). Differences appears in the level of the leader vehicle. We consider its dead-reckoned displacement and we suppose a very high precision. Vehicles can communicate between pings with an acoustic link. The follower vehicle knows by this way the yaw, the pitch and the speed of the leader. We show some simulations: the first example is the following of \"zig zag\" trajectory, the second is pipeline following and the last is area scanning with two vehicles at different depths.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132578111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WWW-based high performance computing support of acoustic matched field processing","authors":"D. Gever, D.J. Fabozzi","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968401","url":null,"abstract":"Under the sponsorship of the Center of Excellence in Research Ocean Sciences (CEROS), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), and the US Navy, Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) has developed several ocean acoustic data modeling and analysis utilities. Execution of these programs was limited however, because the implementations (which include broad-band matched field processing) exceeded the computing capacity of desktop computers, and the interface was burdened by the management of large quantities of parameter and output files. Further, the migration of these algorithms to powerful processors resulted in additional constraints such as difficulty in resource access, user authentication, run-time security, and non-standardized interfaces. This project addressed these concerns through simultaneous development of a World Wide Web (WWW)-based interface, and the migration of the core algorithms to the Maui Supercomputer Center (MSC) and a SAIC Linux cluster. Operators can now use common gateway interface (CGI) scripts to input parameters, launch jobs, view graphical display results, and monitor job status from the massively parallel processors (MPP). After which, the run-time parameters and output files are managed via a Web-based relational database management system (RDBMS). This paper describes the implementation details of the parallel computing infrastructure to support broad-band MFP, the Web-based interface, user authentication, job launch, the RDMS, and a cost/benefit analysis of the migration to a multiuser high performance computing (HPC) environment. Also discussed is the security measures selected to insure resource and user protection. To serve as a feasibility baseline for the future adaptation of other applications and platforms, performance metrics are presented for the migration and processing on the MSC MPP system and the SAIC Linux cluster.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133459804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternatives to GPS","authors":"F. Pappalardi, S. Dunham, M. Leblang, T. E. Jones, J. Bangert, G. Kaplan","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968047","url":null,"abstract":"The U.S. Navy is currently pursuing several approaches to improving the reliability of precision navigation systems, including those that would still permit precision navigation in the event that the Global Positioning System (GPS) is denied or unavailable. This paper examines two alternatives to GPS: bathymetric and celestial navigation. Bathymetric navigation, a non-deniable source of position, determines a position by correlating real time returns from an echo sounder with a digitally stored bathymetric map of an area being traversed. While used successfully for many years by ballistic missile submarines, neither current attack submarines nor surface ships have taken full advantage of this technology. The SSC-SD has demonstrated that when using GPS-based, high-resolution bathymetric charts, along with narrow beam echo sounders, position fix accuracy approaching that of the reference chart can be achieved. Studies conducted by the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO) show that using present-day star tracker technology, position accuracy derived from a celestial reference could be within one arcsecond (30 meters or 100 feet on the Earth's surface). The USNO, SSC-SD, and the Naval Research Laboratory are currently conducting a joint feasibility study to assess the technology used in modern star trackers. The goal is the development of small, lightweight, inexpensive, and reliable celestial systems that can be coupled to existing Inertial navigation systems for ship and aircraft navigation. Both of these alternatives to GPS can be used to improve navigation performance, and to provide accurate position in the event of GPS loss or denial.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117136923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National Ocean Service Real-Time Monitoring Infrastructure. Working for America's coasts","authors":"J. M. Welch","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968279","url":null,"abstract":"The National Ocean Service (NOS) Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) manages the NOS Real-Time Monitoring Infrastructure. CO-OPS provides the national infrastructure, science, and technical expertise to monitor, assess, and disseminate coastal oceanographic products and services necessary to support NOAA's dual mission of environmental stewardship and environmental assessment and prediction. CO-OPS strengthens core capabilities through additional partnership links with outside groups including private organizations. A CO-OPS operating principle is to focus the core workforce capability on the establishment and maintenance of NOS program and technical standards, validation and certification of data and information products, research and development, and quality control/assurance (QA/QC) of data and information products. Validation, certification, and QA/QC all link to the liability associated with CO-OPS data, information products, and services.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"131 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121057965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Northern Gulf of Mexico Littoral Initiative","authors":"S. N. Carroll, C. Szczechowski","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968299","url":null,"abstract":"The Northern Gulf of Mexico Littoral Initiative (NGLI) is a multi-agency program established through a partnership between the Commander, Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command (COMNAVMETOCCOM) and the Environmental Protection Agency's Gulf of Mexico Program Office. The goal of NGLI is to become a sustained comprehensive nowcasting/forecasting system for the coastal areas of Mississippi, Louisiana, and Alabama that will use model forecasts and observational data for military training and coastal resource management. The program integrates a reliable and timely meteorological and oceanographic modeling scheme, combining three-dimensional circulation, sediment transport, and atmosphere and wave models with in situ and remotely sensed observations via an extensive data distribution network that is available to a wide range of users in near-real time through an interactive website. The Naval Oceanographic Office, who manages the program for COMNAVMETOCCOM, has chosen the Mississippi Bight as an ideal test bed to economically examine new modeling and observational technologies before they are applied to littoral areas of military interest. NGLI directly addresses the Navy's requirement to project oceanographic information from deepwater environments shoreward into hostile littoral areas. Model nowcasts and forecasts are being applied to the ocean littoral environment by cascading information from large ocean basin models to shallow-water models. NGLI plans to support military training exercises performed by Special Boat Unit 22, stationed at Stennis Space Center, MS. Lessons learned within this \"natural laboratory\" also provide civil authorities with the means to consider the environmental stresses (sediment transport modifications, increased pollution, etc.) caused by growth in hotel and casino developments, population, and industry. The NGLI modeling system will aid in ensuring the quality of shellfish harvests, one of the area's largest industries. NGLI utilizes a variety of oceanographic technologies for in situ observations. Measurements consist of both moored upward-looking and buoy downward-looking acoustic Doppler current profiler observations telemetered in near-real time; buoy meteorological observations; surface drifters; and survey-collected profiles of temperature, salinity, oxygen, current velocity, optical parameters, and sediment data. Remotely sensed observations include surface currents from Coastal Ocean Dynamics Applications Radar, Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor, Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite, and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer imagery, satellite altimetry, gravimetric geoid studies, and Global Positioning System technology to determine sea surface height. Information generated from observational data and model output is deposited into a large data distribution system, consisting of data archives, data exchange and networking systems, and web site maintenance. This infrastructure provides NG","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"178 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116502119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical habitat maps for robot localisation in unstructured environments","authors":"S. Rolfes, M. Rendas","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968125","url":null,"abstract":"We present an approach to mobile robot navigation in unstructured environments. Natural scenes can very often be considered as random fields where a large number of individual objects appear to be randomly scattered. This randomness can be described by statistical models. We consider that a natural scene can be interpreted as realisations of random closed sets, whose global characteristics are mapped. Contrary to the feature based approach, this environment representation does not require the existence of outstanding objects in the workspace, and is robust with respect to small dynamic changes. We address the problem of estimating the position of a mobile robot, assuming that a statistical model, serving as a map of the environment, is available to it a priori. Simulation results demonstrate the feasibility of our approach.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"10 48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116210941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Mooring Controller platform: an evolution of the OASIS instrument controller toward a distributed ocean observing system","authors":"T. Meese, D. Edgington, W. Radochonski, K. Headley, S. Jensen","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.2001.968297","url":null,"abstract":"The Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) is a privately funded, non-profit research institute dedicated to technology development in support of the oceanographic community. The New Mooring Controller (NMC) project was begun at MBARI in the fall of 2000 to develop the next evolutionary step to the current OASIS mooring controller. The NMC design features a low-power 32-bit embedded processor and incorporates advanced embedded software technologies. This paper focuses on the system requirements and design decisions that were made regarding system hardware and software.","PeriodicalId":326183,"journal":{"name":"MTS/IEEE Oceans 2001. An Ocean Odyssey. Conference Proceedings (IEEE Cat. No.01CH37295)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117080135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}