Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament最新文献_第5页

Renewing Nagasaki’s Citizen Diplomacy 更新长崎的公民外交

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Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/25751654.2023.2219486

Shorna-Kay Richards

{"title":"Renewing Nagasaki’s Citizen Diplomacy","authors":"Shorna-Kay Richards","doi":"10.1080/25751654.2023.2219486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25751654.2023.2219486","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For three quarters of a century, the hibakusha (survivors of the atomic bombing in Hiroshima and Nagasaki) have stood firm in their quest to save humanity from nuclear annihilation. Through their voice and action, the people of Nagasaki City have demonstrated the strength of citizen diplomacy. The voice of Nagasaki can be heard everywhere – strong in its call that Nagasaki must remain the last place to suffer an atomic bombing. Most significantly, the hibakusha’s compelling testimonies brought the world the historic Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) in 2017. Despite this prohibition, the goal of a nuclear free world seems more elusive than ever, and the nuclear sceptre looms large. Today, the world faces a heightened risk of nuclear weapons use amid Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. What should we do in this time of danger and opportunity? In commemoration of the 10th anniversary of its founding, the Research Center for Nuclear Weapons Abolition, Nagasaki University and the Nagasaki Council for Nuclear Weapons Abolition organised a special public lecture on 29th October 2022, to examine current challenges in the path toward a nuclear weapons-free world and to re-evaluate the roles that the A-Bombed city should play in advancing this goal. This article, adapted from the public lecture, reaffirms the vital role that Nagasaki must continue to play through a renewal of its citizen diplomacy. It highlights lessons from the TPNW negotiations and the opportunities that its adoption has created for Nagasaki to strengthen and expand its citizen diplomacy.","PeriodicalId":32607,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament","volume":"6 1","pages":"185 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41717386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of AI on Strategic Stability is What States Make of It: Comparing US and Russian Discourses 人工智能对战略稳定的影响是各国如何看待的——美俄话语比较

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Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/25751654.2023.2205552

A. Nadibaidze, Nicolò Miotto

{"title":"The Impact of AI on Strategic Stability is What States Make of It: Comparing US and Russian Discourses","authors":"A. Nadibaidze, Nicolò Miotto","doi":"10.1080/25751654.2023.2205552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25751654.2023.2205552","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Military applications of artificial intelligence (AI) are said to impact strategic stability, broadly defined as the absence of incentives for armed conflict between nuclear powers. While previous research explores the potential implications of AI for nuclear deterrence based on technical characteristics, little attention has been dedicated to understanding how policymakers of nuclear powers conceive of AI technologies and their impacts. This paper argues that the relationship between AI and strategic stability is not only given through the technical nature of AI, but also constructed by policymakers’ beliefs about these technologies and other states’ intentions to use them. Adopting a constructivist perspective, we investigate how decision-makers from the United States and Russia talk about military AI by analyzing US and Russian official discourses from 2014–2023 and 2017-2023, respectively. We conclude that both sides have constructed a threat out of their perceived competitors’ AI capabilities, reflecting their broader perspectives of strategic stability, as well as the social context characterized by distrust and feelings of competition. Their discourses fuel a cycle of misperceptions which could be addressed via confidence building measures. However, this competitive cycle is unlikely to improve due to ongoing tensions following the Russian invasion of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":32607,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament","volume":"6 1","pages":"47 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41435596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Hegemon’s Tool Kit: US Leadership and the Politics of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime, 霸权的工具包：美国领导与核不扩散制度的政治，

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Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/25751654.2023.2220168

Stephen J. Herzog

引用次数: 2

Strategic Stability in the 21st Century: An Introduction 21世纪的战略稳定:导论

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Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/25751654.2023.2223804

Ulrich Kühn

引用次数: 0

Implications of the 2022–2023 Situation in Ukraine for Possible Nuclear Weapons Use in Northeast Asia 2022-2023年乌克兰局势对东北亚可能使用核武器的影响

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Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament Pub Date : 2023-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/25751654.2023.2201367

D. V. von Hippel

{"title":"Implications of the 2022–2023 Situation in Ukraine for Possible Nuclear Weapons Use in Northeast Asia","authors":"D. V. von Hippel","doi":"10.1080/25751654.2023.2201367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25751654.2023.2201367","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The Russian invasion of Ukraine in February of 2022, and the ongoing (as of this writing) conflict that has followed, has prompted many of the actors responsible for determining military and nuclear weapons strategy and policy to rethink their approaches. In Northeast Asia the combinations of the issue of nuclear weapons on the Korean Peninsula, tensions over Taiwan, and other regional disputes with the lessons of the Ukraine conflict have caused the nations of the region that have nuclear weapons, and those that do not but are covered under the US “nuclear umbrella”, to at least consider changes in how nuclear weapons might be deployed and, as a final resort, used. These actors include the United States, China, Russia, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK), the Republic of Korea (ROK) and Japan. This article compiles and summarizes the opinions of experts from or on each of these nations as to how the Ukraine conflict may influence perception of the utility and possible uses of nuclear weapons in Northeast Asia. The paper evaluates common changes in perception caused by the Ukraine conflict across the nations of the region, as well as differences, and notes the possible ways in which national changes in perception due to the Ukraine conflict may combine to make the danger of nuclear weapons use in the region even more serious than it has recently been. This article is based on work in the Project on Reducing the Risk of Nuclear Weapons Use in Northeast Asia (NU-NEA).","PeriodicalId":32607,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament","volume":"6 1","pages":"87 - 100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49419512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Introduction: China–India-Pakistan Nuclear Trilemma and the Imperative of Risk Reduction Measures 引言：中国-印度-巴基斯坦核问题的三重困境和降低风险措施的必要性

IF 0.7

Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/25751654.2022.2159750

R. Thakur, Shatabhisha Shetty, W. Sidhu

{"title":"Introduction: China–India-Pakistan Nuclear Trilemma and the Imperative of Risk Reduction Measures","authors":"R. Thakur, Shatabhisha Shetty, W. Sidhu","doi":"10.1080/25751654.2022.2159750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25751654.2022.2159750","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Geopolitical tensions in Southern Asia are characterized by shared borders, major territorial disputes, history of wars, political volatility and instability. This fraught dynamic is compounded by China–India–Pakistan nuclear relations or the nuclear “trilemma” which is shaped by military developments, threat perceptions, as well as alliance, adversary and deterrence relations between the three nuclear-armed states. To mitigate the growing risks in Southern Asia and the impact across the Asia-Pacific, the Asia-Pacific Leadership Network for Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Disarmament and the Toda Peace Institute have collaborated on a research project to map the contours of the China–India–Pakistan nuclear trilemma. The series of articles published in this special issue of the Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament is a selection of nine papers commissioned for the project that address different aspects of the trilemma, examining bilateral, trilateral and plurilateral drivers; exploring practical nuclear risk reduction, crisis stability and confidence building measures and a potential nuclear restraint regime; and identify mechanisms and opportunities for tension reduction and conflict resolution in order to normalize interstate relations and promote people-people ties.","PeriodicalId":32607,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament","volume":"5 1","pages":"215 - 223"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47862707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Hydroacoustic Network of the CTBT International Monitoring System: Access and Exploitation 全面禁试条约国际监测系统水声网:获取和利用

IF 0.7

Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/25751654.2022.2129948

S. Gibbons

{"title":"The Hydroacoustic Network of the CTBT International Monitoring System: Access and Exploitation","authors":"S. Gibbons","doi":"10.1080/25751654.2022.2129948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25751654.2022.2129948","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The hydroacoustic network of the International Monitoring System for verifying compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty consists of six hydrophone array stations and five land-based seismic stations for recording T-phases. We provide a comprehensive overview of the network with details of the station configurations and data accessibility. Since 2014, data from all stations on the territory of Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States of America (four hydrophone arrays and one T-phase station) have been freely available, and we demonstrate how this data can be obtained and displayed with openly available software and minimal amounts of code. We detail which open seismic stations may act as limited surrogates for closed IMS stations. We demonstrate how the most fundamental characteristics of the hydroacoustic data can be obtained using open software, and we advocate extensive exploitation of this data for interpreting both hydroacoustic and converted seismic signals. We demonstrate signals from the 2017 North Korean nuclear test on both seismic and hydrophone data. Optimizing procedures using the open data allows us to explore the likely capability for all stations, even if real-time detection and processing outside the CTBT system is currently limited to hydrophone stations HA01, HA08, HA10 and HA11.","PeriodicalId":32607,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament","volume":"5 1","pages":"452 - 468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43300394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The China–India–Pakistan Nuclear Triangle: Consequential Choices for Asian Security 中印巴核三角：亚洲安全的必然选择

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Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/25751654.2022.2141053

Salman Bashir

引用次数: 0

Plus Ça Change? Prospects of a Nuclear Deterrence Multipolarity in Southern Asia 加上Ça改变?南亚核威慑多极化的前景

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Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/25751654.2022.2158702

T. Dalton

{"title":"Plus Ça Change? Prospects of a Nuclear Deterrence Multipolarity in Southern Asia","authors":"T. Dalton","doi":"10.1080/25751654.2022.2158702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25751654.2022.2158702","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Some scholars assess that Southern Asia comprises a nuclear chain or a deterrence trilemma. Although the region is home to three states with nuclear weapons, there is only one clear nuclear deterrence dyad. India and Pakistan have explored the contours of nuclear deterrence in several past military crises, while nuclear weapons have been notably absent from recent Sino-Indian border tensions. What factors or developments might push the region toward a nuclear deterrence multipolarity? The key variable is the India–China relationship and the extent to which nuclear weapons become more prominent in respective national security belief systems in New Delhi and Beijing. Notable trends already favor such a development, including changing geopolitics in the region, the rise of nationalist domestic politics, technology competition, and growing crisis escalation concerns. Two fulcrums that might tip the region from the status quo into a deterrence multipolarity are parallel nuclear posture changes in India and China that create nuclear coupling, and hardening of geopolitical alignments into more adversarial blocs. Preventing deterrence multipolarity through new nuclear confidence-building measures will be difficult owing to divergent interests, power and institutions in the region. Upgrades to existing nuclear CBMs may be more politically feasible. Even in the absence of new nuclear CBMs, however, China, India, and Pakistan could build predictability in the region and mitigate potential sources of conflict through new measures to manage common-pool resource competition, dangerous behaviours in space, and a range of crises and emergencies.","PeriodicalId":32607,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament","volume":"5 1","pages":"243 - 261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42174658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mission Unaccounted: Japan’s Shift of Role in US Extended Nuclear Deterrence 未计数的任务：日本在美国扩大核威慑中的角色转变

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Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.1080/25751654.2022.2110636

Kimiaki Kawai

{"title":"Mission Unaccounted: Japan’s Shift of Role in US Extended Nuclear Deterrence","authors":"Kimiaki Kawai","doi":"10.1080/25751654.2022.2110636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/25751654.2022.2110636","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Japan’s security policy appears to be undergoing a qualitative change. Policymakers, however, have not provided sufficient explanation to the nation regarding such a shift. What is the qualitative change in Japan’s security policy premised on US extended nuclear deterrence? To answer this question, this article first analyzes changes both in Japanese policymakers’ understanding of US extended nuclear deterrence and the concept of nuclear deterrence, and the shift of Japan’s defense policies. Next, a comparison of deliberations in the National Diet of Japan during the Cold War and after the Cold War, and Japan’s defense policies during the Cold War and after the Cold War, respectively, reveals that while policymakers’ understanding of US extended nuclear deterrence and the concept of nuclear deterrence have not really changed, the security challenges surrounding Japan have shifted in focus from deterrence to response in the recognition of policymakers. With that, Japan’s policy premised on US extended nuclear deterrence has shifted from the stage of mere reliance to the stage of engagement with the United States. This is the qualitative change in Japan’s security policy premised on US extended nuclear deterrence. The implication of the shift is that the use of nuclear weapons itself is a potential policy issue, yet it remains unexamined. The final section points out that Japan’s engagement with the United States in extended nuclear deterrence advances the move toward solidification of US extended nuclear deterrence for Japan. It also discusses Japan’s security challenges associated with the ongoing solidification.","PeriodicalId":32607,"journal":{"name":"Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament","volume":"5 1","pages":"422 - 451"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45153841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0