Medical Science Pulse最新文献

{"title":"Clinical trials of new therapies for mucopolysaccharidoses","authors":"Agnieszka Dewalska, A. Rombel-Bryzek","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.6855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.6855","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of rare genetic diseases with a metabolic background. Currently, there are no effective methods of treating MPS, and new ways of treating patients are constantly being sought.Aim of the study: The purpose of this article is to review the available literature on clinical trials of new treatments for mucopolysaccharidoses.Material and methods: The review of research literature published between 1999 and 2023 was conducted, with a specific focus on the last ten years. The literature for this article was selected from publications available online in databases such as Google Scholar or PubMed. Research was based on keywords like: mucopolysaccharidoses, clinical trials, gene therapy, MPS. Results: A total of 104 publications were considered in the study, including 95 scientific articles and 9 clinical trial reports (consisting of 1 FDA approval). Out of those 104 articles, 82 discussed potential future therapies for patients with MPS. Among them, as many as 51 focused on gene therapy.Conclusions: The only currently approved treatments for mucopolysaccharidoses are enzyme replacement therapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which are not suitable for all types of MPS and have their limitations. In addition, there is no single therapy for all types of MPS, as they are the result of mutations in different genes and result from the deficiency of different enzymes. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies are being conducted on therapies for mucopolysaccharidoses. These include therapies that allow manipulation of cellular pathways, substrate reduction, or gene therapy, which is the most promising form of treatment. Some of the studies have successfully passed the first and second research phases.","PeriodicalId":32604,"journal":{"name":"Medical Science Pulse","volume":"25 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of telemedicine solutions in the field of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: risk management and remedial actions","authors":"Wojciech Tański, Andrzej Teplicki, Anna Stapkiewicz, Adrianna Szalonka, Beata Jankowska-Polańska","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.6117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.6117","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Introducing innovations in the healthcare sector often involves testing groundbreaking solutions, ranging from advanced diagnostic technologies to new therapies and modern patient data management systems. Thorough and systematic risk monitoring not only enhances the chances of project success but also constitutes a crucial element in building trust in innovative healthcare solutions.Aim of the study: Presenting and discussing risks, risk management strategies in a pilot project implementing telemedical solutions in the field of pulmonology.Materials and Methods: The paper analyzed key risks along with conducted remedial actions taken during the implementation of a pilot telemedical project in the field of pulmonology. Systematic analyses covered technological, financial, legal, organizational, external, clinical, and competency areas. The description of a specific project case was used, along with a narrative of personal experiences during its execution in the given year. Results: The telemedical project for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), focusing on clinical assessment and observation of spirometric parameters, aims to address the challenges related to the care of individuals with COPD. The innovative aspects of the pilot project were emphasized, along with its potential impact on improving pulmonological care. The paper discussed aspects related to risk management and remedial actions, identifying areas where the project could serve as a model for further research and practices in the field.Conclusions: The coordination of medical teams, primary care physicians, pulmonology specialists, and nurses with strong and multifaceted administrative support constitutes a key element of remedial actions. This collaboration enables effective counteraction against potential negative consequences of testing telemedical solutions in pulmonology by implementing appropriate corrective measures and efficient remedial actions.","PeriodicalId":32604,"journal":{"name":"Medical Science Pulse","volume":"61 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141348278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the use of hirudotherapy reduce pain? A narrative review","authors":"K. Rajfur, J. Rajfur, Beata Fras-Łabanc","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.6065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.6065","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Leeches therapy also known as hirudotherapy, is one of the oldest methods used in medicine. Hirudotherapy treatments are increasingly used as a useful therapeutic method in the treatment of various diseases as an independent and complementary therapy. The method is used, among others, to treat pain, circulatory system diseases, diabetic complications and arthritis. It is also effectively used by surgeons to treat venous diseases, hematomas and wounds.Aim of the study: The aim of the article was to evaluate the review of the literature on hirudotherapy and its impact on eliminating pain.Material and methods: The analysis included articles located in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, including publications from 2010 to 2024. The keywords used were: leeches medicinal, hirudotherapy, pain.Results: A total of 15 out of 29 articles were qualified for the review. The search resulted in 4 Randomized Controlled Trials, 5 case reports, and 2 case series. 2 systematic reviews and 2 meta-analyses. The research shows that the use of hirudotherapy can be an effective method in the treatment of pain in various clinical conditions. Both clinical studies and case reports confirm the effectiveness of this method in relieving pain.Conclusions: At this stage, it can be concluded that hirudotherapy can be an independent or supportive therapy in the treatment of pain in various diseases. Studies have differed regarding the use of leeches to treat pain. An important issue is to determine the appropriate leech use regimen: number of leeches, frequency and duration of use.","PeriodicalId":32604,"journal":{"name":"Medical Science Pulse","volume":"113 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141362254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"1st International Conference MRTBS 2024 Modern research trends in biomedical sciences: a holistic approach to health care BOOK OF ABSTRACTS SUPPLEMENT 3","authors":"Katarzyna Szwamel, A. Kaczorowska, Agnieszka Szebesczyk","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.4885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.4885","url":null,"abstract":"Human health is a complex web of interactions between physical, mental, emotional, social, and spiritual aspects. nowadays, a holistic, multidisciplinary approach to medicine is not only important but essential for a comprehensive understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of individual and population health problems.Th e exchange of ideas between researchers from diff erent branches of science, from basic research to studies that aff ect people and whole populations, is crucial, especially today when there is so much going on in science. Researchers from diff erent fi elds often approach problems with unique perspectives and methods, inspiring each other and leading to innovative solutions and breakthroughs. Collaboration enables a more comprehensive understanding of complex issues related to human health and society by incorporating fi ndings from diff erent disciplines. In addition, collaboration enables the translation of fundamental discoveries into practical applications, such as new treatments or strategies. Ethical considerations are also of utmost importance, especially when research is conducted on humans or entire populations, and ethical research requires collaboration between researchers from the fi elds of health sciences, ethics, social sciences, and biomedicine. Research fi ndings have the greatest impact when they address real-world problems and challenges. Th erefore, it is important to encourage interdisciplinary collaboration to ensure research is relevant to the needs of society. In addition, collaboration promotes the validation and replication of research results, which improves the robustness, transferability, and generalizability of results in diff erent contexts.Th e MRTBS2024 conference brings together scientists from diff erent disciplines in health sciences and those from diff erent countries and cultures, which is important for creating a holistic approach to health sciences. By bringing together experts from different fi elds, such as medicine, public health, psychology, physiotherapy, nursing, dietetics, medicinal chemistry, biology, etc., this conference off ers a comprehensive understanding of health issues. Th e integration of these diff erent perspectives promotes a more holistic understanding of health, taking into account cultural beliefs, practices, and social determinants that infl uence health outcomes, and provides an opportunity for researchers from diff erent disciplines to collaborate on research projects and initiatives, promoting the integration of diff erent methods, theories, and approaches. By bringing together researchers from diverse cultural backgrounds, we also wanted to promote cultural sensitivity and its relevance in health research.We hope that this extraordinary event will not only be a breakthrough for Opole University and the city of Opole but will also leave a lasting impression on the Polish and international stage in the fi eld of medicine and health sciences.The project is conducted as","PeriodicalId":32604,"journal":{"name":"Medical Science Pulse","volume":"46 15","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140676289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of mivacurium in contemporary anesthesiology: a narrative review","authors":"Paweł Radkowski, Piotr Gajda, Natalia Kowalska, Bartosz Kędziora, Daria Synia, Karol Śliwa","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.4916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.4916","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Mivacurium is the shortest-acting non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) with a rapid onset of action that is mainly used for short procedures. Despite the fact that mivacurium has a very favorable average 6-minute recovery index after its infusion in comparison to the approximately 15–30 minutes for atracurium, mivacurium is still not really popular among practicing anesthesiologists. Many new studies showing the potential further benefits of implementing mivacurium into daily practice are still being published. Aim of the Study: This study aimed to focus on spreading the common knowledge about the detailed pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of mivacurium as a medication that has yet to be used widely by practicing anesthesiologists. Material and methods: The literature review was conducted using the common sources of original articles such as PubMed and Google Scholar from 1975 to September 2022. Results: Based on the literature review, we observed that Mivacurium at a dosage of 6μg produces a lower impact on hemodynamics, shorter intubation and extubation times, faster postoperative recovery, absence of the accumulation of neuromuscular blockade, higher safety, and no significant increase in allergic related adverse events in comparison with other NMBAs.Conclusions: Mivacurium is a muscle relaxant medication that is particularly suited for short-lasting surgical procedures. However, it is important to remember that existing mutations in the butyrylcholinesterase enzyme (BChE) may prolong the effect of the neuromuscular blockade due to significantly reducing plasma cholinesterase activity. Therefore, it is advised to stay cautious during its use as more research needs to be done to be able to thoroughly assess the potential advantages and disadvantages of mivacurium introduction in particular patients","PeriodicalId":32604,"journal":{"name":"Medical Science Pulse","volume":"1 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140712896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complex therapy of kaposiform hemangioendothelioma complicated by Kasabach-Merritt syndrome. A case report and review of the literature","authors":"Patrycja Sosnowska-Sienkiewicz, Zuzanna Nogaj, D. Januszkiewicz-Lewandowska, P. Mańkowski","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.4912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.4912","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Kasabach-Merritt syndrome is an infrequent complication of large hemangiomas that could be life-threatening. Ninety percent of this phenomenon is associated with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma. Aim of the study: To present the therapeutic process of a child with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma complicated by this rare syndrome. Case report: The patient was admitted to the hospital during the first month of life due to a lesion on the head and neck. After many attempts with pharmacological treatment, surgery was the only effective treatment.Conclusions: We want to emphasize that operative management of these tumors should be considered in cases of treatment resistance or rapidly progressive growth of the hemangioendothelioma.","PeriodicalId":32604,"journal":{"name":"Medical Science Pulse","volume":"31 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140741943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acceptance of chronic disease in patients living with HIV infection: one centre's cross-sectional study","authors":"W. Błudzin, Mateusz Bożejko, Małgorzata Inglot","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.4455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.4455","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Despite effective treatment, the quality of life of patients infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) can be diminished by factors both directly and indirectly related to the infection.Aim of the study: Determination of factors affecting the acceptance of HIV infection as a chronic disease in HIV-infected patients. Material and methods: A survey was conducted on 83 HIV-infected adults undergoing antiretroviral (ARV) treatment. The impact of social and medical factors on the acceptance of a chronic disease such as HIV infection was analyzed. Factors such as age, gender, education, route of HIV infection, living with family or a close person, professional activity, length of ARV therapy, history of an indicator disease, treatment breaks, markers of HBV infection, and current comorbidities requiring treatment, which may affect self-acceptance, were included in the analysis. Information about the patients was obtained from the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS) survey and medical records.Results: On average, in the AIS survey, patients scored 33.98 points, with a maximum of 40, which proves a very good acceptance of their infection. Among the many analyzed factors, only two variables showed statistical significance. Professionally active people accept their infection better, while lower acceptance was observed in patients who discontinued ARV therapy in the past.Conclusions: The analysis of the data from the study shows the need to consider many factors influencing the acceptance of HIV infection in HIV-infected patients. This will allow the introduction of programs to improve care for people with a chronic disease and thus improve their quality of life. The high assessment of acceptance of their disease was undoubtedly influenced by professional activity, the effectiveness of ARV treatment, and good access to ARV drugs.","PeriodicalId":32604,"journal":{"name":"Medical Science Pulse","volume":"101 400","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140224227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences in treatment and post-COVID symptoms in elderly and young patients: a cross-sectional study","authors":"Diana Paskaleva","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.4076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.4076","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Long COVID is of particular concern among older people, who are at greater risk than young-er people of persisting symptoms associated with COVID-19. In addition, COVID-19 might trigger or exacerbate chronic conditions that occur commonly in older people, such as cardio-vascular diseases, respiratory diseases and others.Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the type of treatment and post-COVID symptoms in the elderly versus young patients.Material and methods:Alternative, non-parametric and correlation analyses were used. Logical units of observation: Two hundred patients suffered from COVID-19 in the period from 01.09.2021 until 01.09.2022.Results:The majority of those examined were women - 58.5%. Age turned out to be a key factor in the disease. As age increases, cardiac complaints also increase p=0.001 (χ2=79.51). The corre-lation relationship is straight and significant p=0.001 (r=0.619).In the studied group, \"shortness of breath\" was more often experienced by the elderly com-pared to the young patients p=0.001 (χ2=17.90), p=0.001(r=0.278).Regarding the symptom \"hair loss\" gender was found to have a key role in women p=0.001 (χ2=5.04) and the symptom \"fatigue\" p=0.001 (χ2=9.60).The analysis of our study shows that the majority were treated on an outpatient basis, and the rest - 29.5% - received their treatment in a hospital.Conclusion:In conclusion, this study underscores the multifaceted nature of post-COVID recovery, influ-enced by demographic factors, vaccination status, and the presence of comorbidities.","PeriodicalId":32604,"journal":{"name":"Medical Science Pulse","volume":"59 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140266880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degeneration of the intervertebral disc as an interdisciplinary clinical problem in the context of neurosurgery - a summary of the state of knowledge - part I","authors":"Adam Druszcz, Maciej Miś, Marta Szczepańska, M. Paprocka-Borowicz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.3352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.3352","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD), resulting from various factors including both genetic and environmental, is a significant musculoskeletal disorder. It is characterized by a gradual deterioration of the structure and weakening the function of IVD, leading to a decline in the quality of life (QOL) or disability.Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to perform the review of scientific reports and summary of current knowledge regarding IVD degeneration in terms of etiopathogenesis, clinical symptoms, and various diagnostic methods.Materials and Methods: The literature review was based on searching key medical databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus. A search strategy was defined, encompassing keywords, synonyms, and controlled keywords (MeSH terms). The search covered the last 20 years and focused on aspects of etiopathogenesis, clinical symptoms, and diagnostic methods. Papers meeting the inclusion criteria underwent a full-text analysis. Data and information gathered from the literature analysis were synthesized to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge on the researched subject. Results: The process of IVD degeneration is extremely complex, involving biochemical, metabolic, and morphological changes that impact its structure and function. It entails a gradual loss of water in the nucleus pulposus (dehydration), resulting in impaired shock-absorbing function and leading to the formation of breaks in the annulus fibrosus, where the nucleus pulposus herniates. For years, mechanical injuries, especially work-related, were considered the primary factors causing IVD degeneration. Recent findings emphasize the significant role of genetic factors, with several genes encoding structural proteins of the IVD identified. Mutations in these genes may accelerate degeneration. Current clinical research results indicate a correlation between aortic calcifications and episodes of low back pain (LBP) and between lumbar artery stenosis, IVD degeneration, and subsequent LBP.Conclusions: Understanding the complexity of IVD degeneration and their neurological consequences is a crucial in planning effective treatment. It is essential to monitor the results of the latest research for the systematic updating of knowledge and practical guidelines in the discussed area. Collaboration between an experienced neurosurgeon and an interdisciplinary team of medical specialists can lead to achieving the best therapeutic outcomes.","PeriodicalId":32604,"journal":{"name":"Medical Science Pulse","volume":"208 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139858645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degeneration of the intervertebral disc as an interdisciplinary clinical problem in the context of neurosurgery - a summary of the state of knowledge - part II","authors":"Adam Druszcz, Maciej Miś, Marcin Miś, Marta Szczepańska, M. Paprocka-Borowicz","doi":"10.5604/01.3001.0054.3353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.3353","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The management of degenerative musculoskeletal disorders, including degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) and its neurological consequences, is complex. This approach requires coordinated collaboration among specialists, especially neurosurgeons, nurses and physiotherapists.Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to perform the review of scientific reports and summary of the current state of knowledge regarding the degeneration of the IVD in the context of various treatment aspects, both in terms of conservative therapy and surgical treatment.Materials and Methods: The literature review was based on searching key medical databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus. A search strategy was defined, including keywords, synonyms, and controlled vocabulary terms (MeSH terms). The search covered the last 20 years and focused on aspects of conservative and surgical treatment. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria underwent a full-text analysis. Data and information gathered from the literature analysis were synthesized to provide a comprehensive overview of the state of knowledge on the investigated issue.Results: Classical conservative methods include neurorehabilitation, heat treatment, proper body positioning, and pain management. The common feature of all minimally invasive methods is percutaneous access, where instruments are introduced through small puncture incisions. The effectiveness of conservative treatment for patients with degenerative lumbar spine disease fluctuates around 40%. Meanwhile, the surgical treatment of lumbalgia remains a controversial topic, with many unknowns, lacking clear algorithms and standards. Further research and the development of clinical practice are crucial for improving diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive methods related to this exceptionally complex clinical problem.Conclusions: The process of treating IVD degeneration is complex and should be considered individually in each case. Collaboration between a neurosurgeon and a physiotherapist forms a dynamic team that addresses both diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. This synergy allows for close monitoring of the patient, combining surgical and rehabilitation aspects, resulting in comprehensive care and maximizing treatment outcomes, thereby improving the quality of life (QOL).","PeriodicalId":32604,"journal":{"name":"Medical Science Pulse","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139861270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}