{"title":"Three species of heterodermia recorded in Mongolia","authors":"E. O, Javkhlan S","doi":"10.5564/PMAS.V59I1.1138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/PMAS.V59I1.1138","url":null,"abstract":"Heterodermia hypoleuca (Ach.) Treis.,H. japonica (M. Sato) Swinscow & Krogand H. subascendens (Asahina) Trass. have been recorded for the first time in Mongolia. Data on substrates, habitats, distribution are listed for every species. Taxonomic comments and distinctive characters are provided for these species. The habitats are briefly described and the frequently associated species are listed. It is interesting to note that as a result of processing hundreds of herbarium collections of lichens, numerous new species were found in Mongolia. This means that there is still a substantial gap in the knowledge, especially about the lichen flora of remote corners of the country, which are numerous.","PeriodicalId":32573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41289001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Employee training in small and medium-sized enterprises in Mongolia","authors":"Tuul O, Shaoda Bing","doi":"10.5564/PMAS.V59I1.1140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/PMAS.V59I1.1140","url":null,"abstract":"In many developed and developing countries, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a significantrole in their development. All researches show that globally, SMEs account for more than 90 percent of all business activities and earlier studies have established that SMEs have a critical role in contributing to a country’s economic growth[2] such as reducing poverty and unemployment,and creating employment opportunities. In addition, they contribute to reducing inequitable income distribution, enhancing competitiveness of enterprises, as well as promoting social stability. Therefore, the development of SMEs represents theprimary goal of every modern economy. There are many factors that influence the development of SMEs andone of the most important among them is the human resource management practice, especially employees’ training. Therefore, the main aim of our study is to examine the level of awareness of the training and development (T&D) policy among owners or managers of SMEs, their attitude and organisational support towards training and to analyse the training-related problems encountered by SMEs within the context of Mongolia.","PeriodicalId":32573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47221105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Icing phenomena for managed aquifer recharge (MAR) and it’s feflow simulation result","authors":"Nasanbayar N","doi":"10.5564/PMAS.V59I1.1134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/PMAS.V59I1.1134","url":null,"abstract":"Ulaanbaatar, the capital of Mongolia, shows a highly dynamic urban and industrial development, with a strong increase of population. Thus, water demand is continuously rising while water availability is in general low and less reliable. The semi-arid and cold environment shows a high variability in precipitation and river discharge, with a general tendency towards decreasing water availability due to increasing air temperatures and thus rising potential evaporation. In parallel with the city’s development, the extended groundwater aquifer shows a clear decline, and the groundwater levels drop significantly. Therefore, a groundwater management system based on managed aquifer recharge is proposed and a strategy to implement these measures in the Tuul valley is presented. In this study considered enhancement of natural recharge rates during the early winter cold period, an increase of groundwater recharge through creating ice storages, due to keep water source as in ice form on surface. In dry season March to May ice storage recharge surface and groundwater by melting where Tuul River is non-flow condition. In this paper also written matlab icing code in water supply wells location, limited and unlimited area. The study of icing was processed in feflow simulation scenarios for artificially recharging groundwater resources.In this study considered feflow simulation scenarios for artificially recharging groundwater resources like enhancement of natural recharge rates during the early winter cold period, an increase of groundwater recharge through creating ice storages, due to keep water source as in ice form on surface, drainage canal recharging aquifer from opposite side, constructing underground dam that accumulates groundwater behind. The result shown that one of the possibilities recharge groundwater in dry season is icing method which creates ice sheets over ice and build ice storages in winter, keep water in ice form.","PeriodicalId":32573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45320892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sandagdorj N, E. B., Ching-Hwa Lee, G. E., Terbish N
{"title":"A hydrometallurgical process for the recovery of cerium from Khuren khad ore","authors":"Sandagdorj N, E. B., Ching-Hwa Lee, G. E., Terbish N","doi":"10.5564/PMAS.V59I1.1135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/PMAS.V59I1.1135","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents the recovery of cerium (Ce) from Khuren Khad ore by using the hydrometallurgical process. Several methods of leaching and precipitation were employed to investigate the recovery efficiency of Ce from the ore. According to the result, it is 4.8% of Ce contained in this ore sample. The best result of this study reveals that 100% Ce leaching efficiency can be obtained under leaching conditions of 6N HCl at a temperature of 70° C and 5g/50mL solid/liquid ratio and 3h. Further, 99.60% precipitation recovery of Ce was achieved with NaHCO3 at an interval of 24 hours. After leaching and precipitation, the concentration of Ce was enriched from 4.8% of Khuren Khad ore to 33.09% of precipitation product.","PeriodicalId":32573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43748357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Studies of kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of cashmere dyeing with bio-preparation of Urtica Cannabina L,","authors":"T. S, Ganchimeg Yu, N. G, Soyol-Undrakh. Kh","doi":"10.5564/PMAS.V59I1.1133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/PMAS.V59I1.1133","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, dyeing Mongolian cashmere with bio-preparation extracted from Urtica cannabina L. was investigated. Dyeing experiments were carried out under varying pH, temperature and contact time. The results have been used to investigate the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of dyeing cashmere. This process is pH dependent and it has been found that the most suitable condition is pH 4.5. Increase in adsorption capacity with increase in temperature indicates that the dyeing process is endothermic. Thermodynamic parameters like standard affinity (∆µ), standard enthalpy (∆H) and standard entropy (∆S) were evaluated.","PeriodicalId":32573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42785587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ali Khamit, Bayarmaa Gun-Aajav, Oyuntsetseg Dashzeveg, Shinebayar Batsuuri, Enkhmaa Shiikhar, Bayarlkhagva D
{"title":"Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial 12S ribosomal RNA gene sequence of Mongolian wild boars","authors":"Ali Khamit, Bayarmaa Gun-Aajav, Oyuntsetseg Dashzeveg, Shinebayar Batsuuri, Enkhmaa Shiikhar, Bayarlkhagva D","doi":"10.5564/PMAS.V58I4.1051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/PMAS.V58I4.1051","url":null,"abstract":"Specimens of Mongolian wild boar (Sus scrofa) from Arkhangai, Dornod, Zavkhan, Orkhon, Ovorkhangai, Selenge, Tuv, Khovd, Khuvsgul and Uvs aimags (provinces) were subjected to DNA sequencing. Determined sequences from 18 specimens were registered into the GenBank and accession numbers were obtained. In this study mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene sequences of Mongolian wild boars were analyzed with 36 complete sequences of 12S rRNA gene of wild boar (Sus scrofa) available at NCBI GenBank. Sequence alignment, detection of parsimonious informative sites, model selection, calculation of nucleotide distances and tree construction with 1000 bootstrapped replications were conducted using MEGA 6. Maximum likelihood trees were constructed by the HKY model. A maximum likelihood tree with 53 complete sequences of mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene of Sus scrofa was constructed. Mongolian sequences from the same and adjacent locations were clustered together. \u0000European sequences were clustered together, additionally two sequences from south western China and two sequences from south eastern China were also clustered. Additionally, 12S rRNA gene sequences of Mongolian Sus scrofa, located between Asian and European sequences suggesting geographical location of Mongolia, played an important role in the gene flow between Asian and European wild boar population.","PeriodicalId":32573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44374262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Property of upgraded solid and liquid products from Baganuur lignite by thermal reaction with solvent","authors":"A. A, O. D, Purevsuren B, Davaajav Ya","doi":"10.5564/PMAS.V58I4.1048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/PMAS.V58I4.1048","url":null,"abstract":"The coal of Baganuur deposit have been investigated to determine its technical characteristics, elemental and petrographical maceral compositions. On the basis of proximate, ultimate, petrographic and FTIR analysis, the obtained results have confirmed that the Baganuur coal is a low rank lignite B2 mark. The liquid tar, produced through thermolysis of Baganuur coal, was investigated by FTIR, 13C and 1H NMR spectrometric analysis. The results of thermolysis of Baganuur coal in tetralin has a constant mass ratio between coal and tetralin (1:1.8) at 450°C, which shows that 40.0% of liquid product can be obtained after thermal decomposition of the coal organic mass.","PeriodicalId":32573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48781569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Selection of culture media for the production of carotenoids with antioxidant activity by Rhodotorula glutinis","authors":"G. Z, Zultsetseg Ch, B. B, Rentsenkhand Ts","doi":"10.5564/PMAS.V58I4.1047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/PMAS.V58I4.1047","url":null,"abstract":"Rhodotorula glutinis is an aerobic yeast with particular metabolic characteristic that can produce large amount of carotenoids during the stationary growth phase. Carotenoid is an important natural pigment with antioxidant properties, which is used in food, pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry as additives. The aim of this work is to study the production of carotenoid with antioxidant activity by R.glutinis R12 in different media conditions. The selected strain was cultivated in three different culture media such as YM broth, Basal and MS3 medium at 28°C for 72–120 hours. After fermentation, cells were harvested by centrifugation and freeze-dried. Carotenoid from the biomass was extracted as a mixture of DMSO, acetone and petroleum ether with a ratio of 1:2:2 and cells were ruptured using ultrasonic wave. The carotenoid content in the supernatant was measured by spectrophotometric method. The highest content of carotenoids extracted from R.glutinis R12 was 283.71µg/g dry biomass. The maximum antioxidant activity of carotenoid by DPPH assays were achieved 52.09 ± 0.4% (IC50= 536.02) and at a concentration of 600 µg ml-1. This study revealed that the R.glutinis R12 strain has the ability to produce carotenoid and has shown antioxidant activity in Basal and MS3 medium. For further study, it is necessary to investigate the improvement of carotenoid yield from R.glutinis R12 strains.","PeriodicalId":32573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43628441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The efficiency forecast of trilateral transit transportation of economic corridor","authors":"Zolboo Gansukh","doi":"10.5564/PMAS.V58I4.1054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/PMAS.V58I4.1054","url":null,"abstract":"The development basis of a country is human capital which follows the transportation and infrastructure issues. In particular, landlocked countries with fewer neighbours ought to create transit transportations with its bordering countries that could help to reduce transportation costs, develop economies, transportation and tourism with neighbours, as well as promote regional economic relations and cooperation. An efficient transit transport is vital for landlocked states. Due to the lack of access to seaports, transit transportation is a unique way to connect with the neighbouring countries. Mongolia’s geographical location, the rapid development of the mining and energy sectors are critically important for connecting with the “New Silk Road”, the “Development Road National Programme” (former Steppe Road) and the “Eurasian Transportation Corridor”. This paper is an attempt to forecast the efficiency of transit transport between Mongolia, China and Russia. The article focuses on the prerequisites for the development of the methodology for measuring the transit transport performance. Mongolia-China-Russia economic corridor marks a watershed in intensifying trilateral cooperation between Mongolia, China and Russia, which would not only create favorable conditions for furthering trilateral cooperation, but also promoting regional economic cooperation. Therefore, the paper has used Mongolian Railway statistical data of 2017 to provide efficiency analysis of the central railway system. A total of four types of railway transportation is carried out in Mongolia and transit transportation is relatively efficient. The efficiency calculation and performance of transport system of Mongolia were measured using the Data Envelopment Analysis.","PeriodicalId":32573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43460459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Results of assessment of the competitiveness ranking of Mongolia’s tourism destination","authors":"Khishigdalai Ulaankhuu, Bat-Erdene Nyandag","doi":"10.5564/PMAS.V58I4.1052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5564/PMAS.V58I4.1052","url":null,"abstract":"The research study aimed to develop the tourism destination competitiveness model in the Mongolian case. Based on comparative analysis of the previously developed and applied models in other countries and regions, the author developed a basic model to evaluate the competitiveness of Mongolia’s tourist destinations. Mongolia’s 11 main tourism destinations were evaluated by the destination competitiveness model with 6 groups, and 11 categories. The Grey relational analysis was used to estimate the competitiveness ranking of Mongolia’s tourism destinations. The result of the research study showed that the Gobi, areas related to Chinggis Khan and Kharkhorin (or Karakorum) were the best destinations, in terms of competitiveness, and the Altai Tavan Bogd was listed as the least competitive destination in Mongolia.","PeriodicalId":32573,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44466170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}