{"title":"Understanding Dystonia: A Summary of the Basics","authors":"Olivia Chisholm","doi":"10.21307/ajon-2021-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/ajon-2021-009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Dystonia is a neurological movement disorder characterised by abnormal and involuntary twisting movements and postures. It comes in many forms and can affect various parts of the body. Dystonia is seen in children and adults as a standalone condition, or as one part of a complex disease. Dystonia can be caused by genetic mutations, specific medications, environmental and chemical factors, or, as in the majority of cases, the cause is unknown. There is currently no cure or disease modifying agent for dystonia, so treatments are aimed at managing symptoms and maintaining quality of life. The treatment options for dystonia include invasive surgeries, medications, botulinum toxin and non-pharmaceutical therapies. Dystonia is often a misunderstood and misdiagnosed disorder, which makes diagnosis difficult. The diagnosis of dystonia is usually made by a Neurologist who specialises in Movement Disorders. Research is ongoing to better understand the disorder and aims to find more effective and efficient treatments, and ultimately a cure for dystonia.","PeriodicalId":32533,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":"18 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88658502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sarah V Samperi, P. Kwong, Terence McGill, D. Tsui
{"title":"Huntington’s Disease: A Nursing Perspective","authors":"Sarah V Samperi, P. Kwong, Terence McGill, D. Tsui","doi":"10.21307/ajon-2022-006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/ajon-2022-006","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32533,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"55 1","pages":"12 - 12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85091845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lewy body Dementia: What are the challenges of early and accurate diagnosis?","authors":"Madelaine B. Rañola","doi":"10.21307/ajon-2022-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/ajon-2022-005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Collectively, Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) including Parkinson’s Disease Dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB) account for the second leading type of dementia following Alzheimer’s disease (AD) (Lee et al., 2019). Despite revised consensus criteria, detection rates in routine clinical practice remain poor (Vann Jones & O’Brien, 2013) with cases commonly misdiagnosed as AD (McKeith et al., 2017). Diagnosis can be challenging due to the presentation of an extensive range of autonomic, motor, sleep, cognitive and neuropsychiatric symptoms which can vary within a person and between individuals (Taylor et al., 2020). Given the disparity in management and prognosis of LBD compared to other dementias (Fujishiro et al., 2013), the timing and accuracy of diagnosis is of great consequence.","PeriodicalId":32533,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"474 1","pages":"40 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87326815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Myotonic dystrophy Type 1: exploring the health care experiences of people living with DM1. A Research Protocol","authors":"Karen A O’Maley","doi":"10.21307/ajon-2022-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/ajon-2022-003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article outlines a research protocol for investigating the health care experiences of people living with Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (Dytrophia Myotonica; DM1). Introduction DM1 is a neuromuscular condition of highly variable presentation across the lifespan. It is a complex and variable condition which impacts many body systems. Care consensus, clinical experience and scientific genetic findings dominate much of the literature. Findings from the literature indicate health care input from multiple disciplines is recommended to help identify and prevent or minimise disability and early mortality. It is these recommendations for intense health care input and the perceptions people living with DM1 have of their health care that have prompted this enquiry. Objectives Investigate the experiences of health care from 3 different groups: people living with DM1, their family members, carers or support people, and health care providers. Potentially illuminating what we as nurses and health care providers do well or not so well. Intended methods Guided by Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of perception and triangulate these gathered experiences to ascertain if there is convergence or divergence between health care experiences of recipients and providers. This research will utilise a qualitative approach with methodology drawn from phenomenology. Semi-structured Interviews will be conducted with 3 different groups to gain insight into perceptions, experiences, and outcomes of health care interactions. People living with DM1, family members, carers and friends and health professionals providing services and care for people living with DM1 will be invited to participate.","PeriodicalId":32533,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"79 1","pages":"13 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78028805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Rituximab in the treatment of Pembrolizumab induced Myasthenia Gravis","authors":"J. O’Keeffe, N. D. Friedman, S. Ayyappan","doi":"10.21307/ajon-2022-002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/ajon-2022-002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Pembrolizumab is a monoclonal antibody programmed cell death 1 inhibitor that is an established treatment for melanoma and various lung cancers. Whilst an effective treatment option, it is known to have multiple immune related adverse events associated with its use, including neurological complications such as myasthenia gravis. Previous case reports on the treatment of Pembrolizumab induced myasthenia gravis have detailed the difficulty in managing the condition. There is increasing evidence that Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody directed at CD20 antigen B cells may be an effective treatment option for this condition. This case report outlines the successful treatment of a patient with Pembrolizumab induced myasthenia gravis who was managed with Rituximab.","PeriodicalId":32533,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"19 1","pages":"5 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84717486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Jala, C. Bertmar, M. Wronski, S. Day, Joan L. Barr, Ying Hu, E. O’Brien, Miriam Priglinger-Coorey, Iqra Aziz, M. Krause, Rosalind Elliot, M. Fry
{"title":"Impact of the corona virus (Covid 19)pandemic on stroke code activities and outcome. A retrospective observational study","authors":"S. Jala, C. Bertmar, M. Wronski, S. Day, Joan L. Barr, Ying Hu, E. O’Brien, Miriam Priglinger-Coorey, Iqra Aziz, M. Krause, Rosalind Elliot, M. Fry","doi":"10.21307/ajon-2022-004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/ajon-2022-004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background The Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the delivery of healthcare around the world. We assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on hospital presentations, reperfusion treatment and outcomes in a comprehensive stroke centre. Methods In this observational study seven months of retrospective data from February 2020 (at the beginning of the pandemic) were compared to data collected for the same time frame in 2019. Results There was a transient reduction in stroke presentation only at the beginning of the wave of COVID-19 community transmissions in Sydney. There were significantly more haemorrhagic strokes in the COVID-19 period (n = 66, 15.4 % vs n = 95, 21.5 %, P = 0.02) and baseline stroke severity was higher (NIHSS median 3 vs 4, P = 0.049). Similar proportions of ischaemic stroke patients received reperfusion therapy in the two time periods (IV thrombolysis [n = 51, 17.3% vs n = 52, 17.9%, P = 0.838]; and ECR [n = 38, 12.9% vs n = 46, 15.9%, P = 0.30]). The time from presentation to stroke bed admission was significantly shorter during the COVID-19 period (median 295 vs 260 minutes, P = 0.031). Three-month follow-up Modified Rankin Score was 2 (median) in both periods (P = 0.92). Conclusion There was no change in stroke presentations overall during the 2020 COVID 19 pandemic time period with the exception of the first phase of the pandemic. Baseline stroke severity scores were higher. There was no a difference in the degree of disability at three-month follow-up.","PeriodicalId":32533,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"21 1","pages":"25 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83125418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nursing Practice in the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan","authors":"Nobuko Okubo","doi":"10.21307/ajon-2021-004b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/ajon-2021-004b","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32533,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"31 1","pages":"3 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90790038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Workforce Challenges during the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"Linda Nichols","doi":"10.21307/ajon-2021-004a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/ajon-2021-004a","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32533,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"231 ","pages":"3 - 3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72425632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nobuko Okubo, E. Yokoyama, K. Honda, Kihoko Takeda, Hiromi Sakai, Rie Ishii, Yuriko Miura
{"title":"Improving Clinical Nurses’ Competency and Nursing Care Using the Research Process Model","authors":"Nobuko Okubo, E. Yokoyama, K. Honda, Kihoko Takeda, Hiromi Sakai, Rie Ishii, Yuriko Miura","doi":"10.21307/ajon-2021-005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21307/ajon-2021-005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Clinical nurses working in an acute neurosurgery ward and researchers conducted research using the research process model with the aim to improve nursing competency, nursing autonomy, work motivation, ethics, and actual nursing care content. The research clarified: (a) how clinical nurses in the neurosurgical ward changed and the process of improving nursing competence; (b) changes regarding clinical nurses’ patient care autonomy, work motivation, and ethics; (c) changes in nursing care (rate of medical restraint, rate of manual removal of faeces, etc.) and (d) changes in patients’ and families’ degree of nursing care satisfaction. Methods Participants were a purposive sample of 12 (50%) ward nurses from a neurosurgery ward in a 500-bed hospital that had emergency care. Qualitative and quantitative data were from descriptions of the research process model and interviews, with the use of professional autonomy scale, work motivation scale, ethical behaviour scale, implementation rates of medical restraints and manual removal of faeces to inpatients, and by changes in nursing care and patient satisfaction. Data were collected before, during and at the completion of research. Analyses for quantitative data was done by unpaired t-test and ANOVA, and thematic analysis for qualitative data. Significance was set at (p < 0.05). Results Professional autonomy scores gradually increased after the start of research and were significantly higher at the midpoint. The ethical behaviour scores gradually increased from the starting point, but there was no significant difference. The work motivation scores gradually increased and had significantly increased at the end of the study period compared to the starting point. The rate of medical restraints on patients significantly decreased in the end compared to the beginning, while the rate of manual removal of faeces significantly decreased at the midpoint and in the end compared to the starting point. Families complained about nurses’ response and care during the three-year period prior to the start of the research, but a year after the start of this research, no complaints were observed. The nurses improved nursing competence from Stage 1 : realization of individual nursing care anew; Stage 2: collaborating with various medical professionals; Stage 3: pursuit of specialized nursing; and Stage 4: promote competence of leadership and team building ability for all nurses. The research process model in this study improved nursing competency of the nurses participating in the study. Conclusion Going through the four stages, the clinical nurses working in the acute neurosurgery ward were able to improve their actual nursing care and increased their nursing competency.","PeriodicalId":32533,"journal":{"name":"Australasian Journal of Neuroscience","volume":"56 1 1","pages":"15 - 17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77396849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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