Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук最新文献

{"title":"Golden Horde Burials of the Volga-Manych Steppe","authors":"Evgeny Burataev","doi":"10.22162/2587-6503-2021-2-18-82-106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2021-2-18-82-106","url":null,"abstract":"Goals. The article examines Golden Horde nomadic burials explored across the Volga-Manych steppe. Materials. The work analyzes materials from 90 burials dated to the 13th – 15th centuries AD. Results. The mentioned territory comprises three large geographical zones. The examined burials are located in different topographic areas but basically tend to cluster within Bronze Age mound groups. The study results in certain conclusions regarding the nomads’ ethnic history and their geographical distribution across the territory under consideration. So, the largest numbers of such monuments have been registered in the Ergeni Upland, in the Sarpa and Caspian Lowlands. The burials largely form groups, while single complexes are rare enough.","PeriodicalId":324856,"journal":{"name":"Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132437292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Asymmetries of Modern Tuvan Family Revisited","authors":"O. Natsak","doi":"10.22162/2587-6503-2021-2-18-120-143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2021-2-18-120-143","url":null,"abstract":"Goals. The article attempts an analysis of gender asymmetries in Tuvan family in the context of Russian sociological studies of the family. Results. The study of gender aspects inherent to the sociodemographic development of the region identifies the current family gender-related transformation trends resulting from economic factors, primarily that of labor market and employment. The article presents a gender analysis of possible risks associated with the reduced role and status of man in the family.","PeriodicalId":324856,"journal":{"name":"Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124556509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnic Kalmyk Bokshurga Nazarov and His Application for Joining the Bashkirs of Tersyatskaya Volost","authors":"B. Aznabaev, R. Rakhimov","doi":"10.22162/2587-6503-2021-2-18-8-18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2021-2-18-8-18","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article examines such phenomenon of 17th–18th century Bashkir society as incorporation of individuals representing other ethnic groups. Goals. The study aims at transcribing the process of incorporating foreigners into Bashkir clan structures. And in this regard Kalmyks are of special interest since they were distinct not only from Bashkirs proper but rather from all peoples of the Southern Urals both linguistically and confessionally. However, those were Kalmyks who would get integrated into Bashkir clans most frequently, even as compared to ethnically close and neighboring groups. Materials and Methods. The work focuses on documents of management and record keeping contained in collections dealing with Ufa Governorate Senate at the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. The source analysis was performed through the methods of historical criticism and diplomacy most instrumental in examining such documents. The explored papers of the 1733 Bashkir embassy to St. Petersburg describe a case of Bokshurga Nazarov, ethnic Kalmyk, who applied for joining a Bashkir community. Results. The study shows reasons and procedures of incorporating foreigners into Bashkir clans. The analysis attests to that the applicant was virtually a land holder already, and the Bashkirs had recognized him as their relative. Nazarov himself was just seeking for a legal confirmation of the accomplished fact, i.e. a ‘guardian law’. Conclusions. The work reveals that incorporation into Bashkir communities in the 17th – early 18th centuries was largely determined by the applicant’s nomadic life style (backgrounds) — and his ability to promptly adapt to alert living conditions within the militarized society — rather than by ethnic affinity (common faith, origins, or language). According to the documents, the request was satisfied, and the ex-captive was not only granted the status of a Bashkir land owner but even became a foreman of the vast Tersyatskaya Volost. Later he took an active part in the Bashkir Rebellion and was executed.","PeriodicalId":324856,"journal":{"name":"Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121208826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards the Archaeological Collections of the Saratov Oblast Museum of Local History and Lore Excavated in Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast, 1929– 1937","authors":"Erdni Kekeev","doi":"10.22162/2587-6503-2021-2-18-42-64","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2021-2-18-42-64","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The archaeological collections obtained during excavations in Kalmykia are currently stored at several museums of Russia, namely: Saratov Oblast Museum of Local History and Lore (Saratov), State Historical Museum (Moscow), Palmov National Museum of Kalmykia (Elista), etc. Having been a central museum of the Lower Volga Krai that comprised Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast as well, the Saratov museum still houses findings excavated in Kalmykia during the pre-war period (1929–1937). The scope of work performed included excavations of 153 burials and explorations of 12 localities. Goals. The paper attempts an analysis of archaeological collections excavated in Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast from 1929 to 1937 and stored at Saratov Oblast Museum of Local History and Lore. Results. The work compiles a list of all findings from published field reports (List 1). A review of the Incoming Delivery Register has resulted in a List of Findings accepted by the Saratov museum (List 2). The subsequent comparative analysis of these two lists develops List 3 mentioning some identified findings never delivered to the Saratov museum. Conclusions. List 1 contains data on findings from 180 burials, while List 2 considers excavated items from 153 burials. So, findings from 27 burials never arrived in the Saratov museum, 23 of the former having contained one to three items only. The four remaining findspots are distinguished by quite a variety of tools extracted: burial 3, kurgan 28, Three Brothers-1 (Russ. Tri Brata) mound group (East Manych Catacomb Culture) — 5 items; burial 6, kurgan 28, Three Brothers-1 mound group (Early Iron Age) — 5 items; burial 1, kurgan 11, Three Brothers-1 mound group (Early Iron Age) — 10 items; burial 1, kurgan 12, Three Brothers-1 mound group (Middle Ages) — 18 items. The integrity level of the examined archaeological collections at the Saratov museum is 80 % (as compared to the number of items that had been registered).","PeriodicalId":324856,"journal":{"name":"Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114380910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural Objects in the Ethnocultural Landscape: Historical Legends of the Gurvan Tulga Area in Bayangol","authors":"Sarina Sarina","doi":"10.22162/2587-6503-2021-2-18-107-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2021-2-18-107-119","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with toponymic stories and legends of the Oirat people inhabiting the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang. The work is based on the author’s field materials and some literary sources. Toponymic legends and tales belong to the genre of oral non-fictional prose. Those are stories about geographical objects and natural monuments of a particular area. The main feature of toponymic tales and legends is that they reliably explain the nature, origin or names of natural objects. They are often associated with the names of historical characters and deeds attributed to them. Their main purpose is to preserve the memory of important events and figures in history. The dominant function of legends and fables is recognized as a cognitive one. Reference to the toponymic stories and legends of the Oirat people of Xinjiang makes it possible to peer into the distant past and better study the peculiarities of life and household activities of the Oirat people. The former reflect many aspects of spiritual and material life of the people. This article for the first time examines and analyzes the local originality of subjects, and motifs of toponymic tales and legends of the Bayangol Oirat, associated with the name of the Oirat warrior and commander Galdama. New field materials which are the witnesses of the historical memory of the people are introduced into scientific discourse.","PeriodicalId":324856,"journal":{"name":"Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133836583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contemporary Life of Rural Kalmykia: On-Site Observations","authors":"Ludmila Namrueva","doi":"10.22162/2587-6503-2021-1-17-121-134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2021-1-17-121-134","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Small household farms are widespread enough in Kalmykia’s agricultural industry. Quite a share of local livestock products are those manufactured by such individual and household farms. Goals. The article aims to introduce outcomes of the expert survey, observations and interviews. Results. The work analyzes telephone survey data collected in the summer of 2020. The survey was attended by 100 proactive rural residents and ex-villagers that still stay in direct contact with their native rural localities. The paper also employs some unpublished materials collected during the research expeditions of 2019 and 2020, the latter being most useful in exploring daily practices of household farmers. The answers to our questions make it possible to assess their life satisfaction and current economic conditions. Special attention is paid to opinions of local rural experts regarding further development trends for corresponding communities.","PeriodicalId":324856,"journal":{"name":"Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127682617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nomadische Streifereien unter den Kalmüken in den Jahren 1802 und 1803 by B. Bergmann: The Description of Kalmyk Wrestling Revisited","authors":"Bembya L. Mitruev","doi":"10.22162/2587-6503-2021-1-17-89-101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2021-1-17-89-101","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In the Kalmyk Steppe, Benjamin Bergmann witnessed a wrestling contest held during the Kalmyk festivities of Ȕrs Sar. A corresponding description is contained in his eighth letter included in the four-volume work of his titled ‘Nomadische Streifereien unter den Kalmüken in den Jahren 1802 und 1803’ (‘Nomadic Travels among the Kalmyk in the Years 1802 and 1803’) and published in 1804–1805 in Riga. Goals. The paper aims at introducing data on essentials and rules of Kalmyk wrestling described by B. Bergmann in his landmark book mentioned above. Results. The scrupulous translation of the letter by B. Bergmann confirms the opinions of researchers that Kalmyk national wrestling was (and still is) distinguished from Mongolian and Buryat ones in terms of rules: the combat was over only after one of the wrestlers was seen down on his back. Conclusions. The introduced translation of B. Bergmann’s letter shows his four-volume treatise still remains a topical source on Kalmyk culture and customs of the past. A complete translation of the work would become most useful to further historical, ethnological and folklore studies of the 19th-century Kalmyks.","PeriodicalId":324856,"journal":{"name":"Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126034723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Notes to Kalmyk Proverbs and Saying Collected in Ulan Kheech Sovkhoz, 1935–[19]42: The Manuscript by D. S. Bembeev-Salmin Revisited","authors":"L. Mandzhikova, Lyubov Mandzhieva","doi":"10.22162/2587-6503-2021-1-17-66-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2021-1-17-66-88","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The article continues to explore folklore materials recorded by D. S. Bembeev-Salminduring the pre-war years (1935–1942) in the territory of Kalmykia. The collected data, scientific works and biographical documents are currently stored at Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS and comprise his personal collection (call no. Ф. 10), the latter numbering a total of 12 items dated 1931–1962. Goals. The study aims at analyzing and introducing a complete manuscript of D. S. Bembeev-Salmin’s folklore survey conducted among residents of Ulan Kheech Sovkhoz (Tsentralny District of Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast) from 1935 to 1942. Materials. The paper examines manuscript documents of D. S. Bembeev-Salmin that contain Kalmyk proverbs and sayings, a word list and notes to the collection. The scholar’s papers are regularly explored by researchers and some of the former’s findings have been published already. The unpublished ones are Oirat triads recorded by D. S. Bembeev-Salmin from shepherds of Ulan Kheech Sovkhoz in 1931. Results and Conclusions. Quite a number of renown scientists have explored and published Kalmyk proverbs and sayings. Such publications comprise translations, interpretations, comments — but fail to provide any essential stories behind the idioms. The more reason why the presented D. S. BembeevSalmin’s notes to proverbs that briefly outline such stories are that interesting.","PeriodicalId":324856,"journal":{"name":"Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128842918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Republic of Kalmykia: Educational Migration of Rural Youth","authors":"N. Badmaeva","doi":"10.22162/2587-6503-2021-1-17-135-145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2021-1-17-135-145","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The problem of educational migration among Kalmykia’s rural youth is grave enough. The former tends to further evolve into labor one and directly results in rural population decrease. The oppressive outflow of school leavers leads to losses of intellectual and demographic resources within the region. Goals. The study aims at analyzing different aspects of educational migration among rural youth and revealing specific features observed therein. Materials and Methods. The article summarizes indepth interviews with young rural residents to have left for Elista and other federal subjects to get education and skills. It also introduces opinions of experts employed by rural municipal agencies for education and youth. Results. The study confirms the educational migration of rural school leavers is determined by their intention to minimize future life risks and is directly related to the transition to another educational stage. The in-depth interviews and expert polls do show that the youth migration is structured by age clusters tied to certain stages or levels of education proper. One specific feature revealed in the Republic of Kalmykia is that in fact the whole process begins earlier — before they leave school at all. And in most cases the migration is irreversible and later transforms into labor one.","PeriodicalId":324856,"journal":{"name":"Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125847007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring of Tibetan-Language Texts: The Corpus Approach (A Case Study of 600 Publications Issued over 40 Years)","authors":"","doi":"10.22162/2587-6503-2021-1-17-102-120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22162/2587-6503-2021-1-17-102-120","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. This article is the result of a research project to create a corpus of the Tibetan language based on the measurement of the lexical composition of 600 Tibetological works published over the past 40 years. The language corpus of this article consists of 642 articles in Tibetan from 25 Tibetan journals published from 1978 to 2018. Goals. This work introduces a classification words, division into parts of speech, uses statistical data based on the literary monuments, measures syllabic and lexical compositions in literary works, vocabulary and syllabic compositions, etc. Results. The paper makes it possible to follow the situation in Chinese Tibetology over the past 40 years, the main directions of research and development trends.","PeriodicalId":324856,"journal":{"name":"Бюллетень Калмыцкого научного центра Российской академии наук","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126936248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}