Jurnal Global Strategis最新文献

{"title":"From Pan-Arabism to Pharaonism: Egypt’s Gradual Change of National Identity during the Sisi Era","authors":"M.B.A. Setiyono","doi":"10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.307-326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.307-326","url":null,"abstract":"Many scholars argue that globalization will replace local cultures with global cultures. This writing rejects the argument. On the contrary, the world is seeing the revival of indigenous cultures and efforts to redefine national identities in several countries, including Egypt. In the Arab world, this phenomenon was caused by the Arab Spring. Egypt has been Arabicized for centuries, and the Egyptians tend to define themselves as Arabs. Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, who has been the president of Egypt after deposing Mohamed Morsi, is reviving Egypt’s Pharaonic identity. This study uses a qualitative approach by collecting President Abdel Fattah El-Sisi or Egypt-related online news to be analyzed and used to prove the gradual change of Egyptian national identity. Domestic and foreign policies define the identity of a state. Sisi’s decisions to ban the Pan-Islamist Muslim Brotherhood and improve relations with Israel indicate his effort to distinguish Egypt from Islamic and Arab identities. Egypt’s transition from Arab identity to Pharaonic identity can be seen in its new capital’s architectural designs and Egyptian government-initiated cultural events. All of these transitions are strengthened by the government’s decision to introduce hieroglyphs into the Egyptian school curriculum.\u0000Keywords: Egypt, Pharaonism, identity, culture, globalization\u0000 \u0000Banyak penstudi berpendapat bahwa globalisasi akan menggantikan budaya lokal dengan budaya global. Tulisan ini menolak pendapat tersebut. Sebaliknya, dunia sedang menyaksikan kebangkitan budaya-budaya pribumi dan upaya-upaya pendefinisian ulang identitas nasional di beberapa negara, termasuk Mesir. Dalam dunia Arab, fenomena ini disebabkan oleh Arab Spring. Mesir telah mengalami Arabisasi selama berabad-abad dan masyarakat Mesir cenderung mendefinisikan diri sebagai orang-orang Arab. Abdel Fattah El-Sisi, yang menjadi presiden Mesir setelah menggulingkan Mohamed Morsi, sedang membangkitkan identitas Faraonis Mesir. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan berita-berita daring yang berkaitan dengan Mesir atau Presiden Abdel Fattah El-Sisi untuk dianalisis dan digunakan untuk membuktikan perubahan bertahap identitas nasional Mesir. Kebijakan dalam negeri dan luar negeri menunjukkan identitas dari sebuah negara. Keputusan Sisi untuk melarang Ikhwanul Muslimin yang Pan-Islamis serta memperbaiki hubungan dengan Israel mengindikasikan upayanya untuk memisahkan Mesir dari identitas Islam dan Arab. Transisi Mesir dari identitas Arab ke identitas Faraonis dapat dilihat pada desain arsitektur ibukota baru Mesir serta acara-acara kebudayaan yang diinisiasi oleh pemerintah Mesir. Semua ini diperkuat oleh keputusan pemerintah untuk memperkenalkan hieroglif dalam kurikulum pendidikan Mesir.\u0000Kata-kata Kunci: Mesir, Faraonisme, identitas, budaya, globalisasi","PeriodicalId":322623,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Global Strategis","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116628338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Does Language and Culture Form One Unique National Identity? A Case Study of Renaming the South China Sea to North Natuna Sea in Indonesia’s Foreign Policy Since 2016","authors":"Rhevy Adriade Putra","doi":"10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.443-466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.443-466","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the use of language and historical legacy in forming one national identity, which is thus used as a political stand of foreign policy. The primary analysis of this article uses the concept of “imagined communities,” which distinguishes one’s perception of themselves toward others. The methodology of “nationalizing the past” was adopted to amplify a more substantial justification toward what has been believed to be one’s belonging. The shift in Indonesia’s foreign policy toward the South China Sea disputes, reflected in renaming the northern side of Indonesia’s Natuna Islands as the North Natuna Sea, was selected as a case study. This article argues that language serves not only as a means to define national identity but also as a vital tool in safeguarding the national assets inherited across generations that are an integral part of their identity.\u0000Keywords: language, imagined communities, South China Sea, territorial conflict, Indonesia, foreign policy, North Natuna Sea\u0000 \u0000Artikel ini membahas penggunaan bahasa dan warisan sejarah dalam membentuk sebuah identitas nasional yang kemudian digunakan sebagai sikap politik terhadap kebijakan luar negeri. Analisis utama artikel ini ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan konsep 'komunitas yang dibayangkan’ (imagined communities), yang membedakan persepsi sebuah kelompok atas dirinya terhadap yang lain. Metodologi 'menasionalisasi masa lalu’ (nationalising the past) lantas digunakan untuk memperkuat pembenaran terhadap apa yang diyakini sebagai milik sebuah negara. Pergeseran kebijakan luar negeri Indonesia terhadap sengketa Laut Tiongkok Selatan dengan menamai sisi utara Kepulauan Natuna sebagai Laut Natuna Utara diambil sebagai studi kasus. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa bahasa tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai cara untuk mendefinisikan identitas nasional, tetapi juga sebagai alat penting untuk mempertahankan aset-aset nasional yang diturunkan dari generasi ke generasi sebagai bagian penting dari identitas.\u0000Kata-kata kunci: bahasa, imagined communities, Laut Tiongkok Selatan, konflik teritorial, Indonesia, kebijakan luar negeri, Laut Natuna Utara","PeriodicalId":322623,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Global Strategis","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116989706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"India's Withdrawal from RCEP: Understanding India's Independence Amid Trends in Global Economic Dependence","authors":"Pasek Acyuta Diwangkara Satyakusuma","doi":"10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.269-288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.269-288","url":null,"abstract":"The Indian government withdrew from the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), citing the need to protect domestic small businesses. However, critics from liberalist intellectuals argued that India's justification of economic nationalism seemed weak and should not be adopted. This study then adopts a structuralist perspective to understand India's withdrawal and challenges the liberal view that sees it as a missed opportunity. The research question is formulated: amid current criticism of liberal groups against the government's protectionist justification, how does structuralism explain India's withdrawal from RCEP to justify the withdrawal? This essay employs the Dependency Theory, which highlights how RCEP's structure places India in a peripheral position and creates a dependency that threatens India. This article aims to defend the withdrawal of the Indian government and demonstrate the relevance of structuralism which is believed to be increasingly outdated in the theoretical debate between structuralism and liberalism in the Global Political Economy.\u0000Keywords: Dependency Theory; Free Trade; India; RCEP; Structuralism\u0000 \u0000Pemerintah India menarik diri dari Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership  (RCEP) dengan alasan perlunya melindungi usaha kecil dalam negeri. Namun, justifikasi tersebut menuai kritik dari akademisi liberal yang berpendapat bahwa nasionalisme ekonomi India tampak lemah dan tidak layak diadopsi berdasarkan teori liberal. Kajian ini kemudian mengadopsi perspektif strukturalis untuk memahami penarikan diri India dan menantang pandangan liberal yang melihatnya sebagai peluang yang terlewatkan. Pertanyaan penelitian dirumuskan sebagai berikut: di tengah kritik kelompok liberal saat ini terhadap justifikasi proteksionis pemerintah, bagaimana strukturalisme menjelaskan penarikan India dari RCEP Untuk membenarkan penarikan? Artikel ini menggunakan Teori Ketergantungan, yang menyoroti bagaimana struktur RCEP menempatkan India pada posisi periferi dan menciptakan ketergantungan yang mengancam India. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk membela penarikan pemerintah India dan menunjukkan relevansi strukturalisme yang diyakini semakin usang dalam perdebatan teoretis antara strukturalisme dan liberalisme dalam Ekonomi Politik Global.\u0000Kata kunci:  India; Pasar Bebas; RCEP; Strukturalisme; Teori Dependensi","PeriodicalId":322623,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Global Strategis","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129255951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Collaboration between Dior and Balinese Endek Woven within The Framework of Indonesian Cultural Diplomacy","authors":"Kolaborasi Dior, dan Tenun Endek, Bali dalam, Kerangka Diplomasi, Budaya Indonesia, Putu Ratih Kumala","doi":"10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.417-442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.417-442","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000\u0000Endek Bali has received world attention after a well-known fashion company from France, Dior, used Balinese endek woven fabric in its 2021 SpringSummer collection. Using the concepts of cultural diplomacy and nation branding and employing qualitative method, this study aims to explain the use of Balinese endek in supporting Indonesia’s nation branding through collaboration with Dior. The data was collected through in-depth interviews, literature studies, as well as thorough analysis of official statements collected from the Bali provincial government and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. The study shows that the Indonesian government plays an important role in facilitating Indonesian cultural diplomacy using Balinese endek woven, which was carried out in colaboration with Christian Dior, where the Indonesian government act as a communicator between the fashion brand and the endek weavers, marking a pattern of cultural diplomacy relations between the government and the private sector, which further strengthen Indonesia’s nation branding as a culturally rich country with creative human resources.\u0000Keywords: Christian Dior, Cultural Heritage, Diplomacy, Endek Bali, Nation Branding\u0000Tenun endek Bali mendapat perhatian dunia setelah perusahaan fesyen ternama asal Perancis, Dior, menggunakan kain tenun endek Bali sebagai koleksi tahun 2021 untuk busana musim semi dan musim panas. Dengan menggunakan konsep diplomasi budaya dan nation branding serta metode kualitatif, penelitian ini bertujuan menjelaskan penggunaan tenun endek Bali dalam menunjang nation branding Indonesia melalui kolaborasi dengan Christian Dior. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui proses wawancara, studi literatur terkait, serta analisis pernyataan resmi pemerintah provinsi Bali dan Kementerian Luar Negeri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pemerintah Indonesia memiliki peranan penting dalam memfasilitasi diplomasi budaya Indonesia menggunakan tenun endek Bali yang dilakukan melalui kolaborasi dengan Dior, membentuk pola hubungan diplomasi kebudayaan antara pemerintah dan sektor swasta, yang lebih lanjut memperkuat nation branding Indonesia sebagai negara yang kaya ragam budaya dan sumber daya manusia kreatif.\u0000Kata-kata kunci: Christian Dior, Diplomasi, Endek Bali, Nation Branding, Warisan Budaya\u0000\u0000\u0000","PeriodicalId":322623,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Global Strategis","volume":"175 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131908683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UNHCR's Influence on Turkish Government Policies towards the Refugees Crisis","authors":"Audi Izzat Muttaqien, Ali Muhammad","doi":"10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.347-362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.347-362","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines the influence of UNHCR as an international institution on Turkey in global refugee governance. The Syrian war was the cause of the large influx of refugees to Europe, Turkey, as a transit country, received many refugees who came before they were forwarded to third countries. Turkey has become the most significant country in responding refugee crisis, especially the Syrian refugee crisis. This study used a qualitative method of reading critically and then being analyzed for interpretation. The data was collected through library research. The author uses an international regime theory to explain the role of international institutions in influencing actors' behaviors. The results found that UNHCR, as an international institution, influences Turkey's behavior in dealing with refugee issues. UNHCR standards and refugee regulations affect Turkey to adjust and adopt policies in the field of education, temporary protection regulations, and policy standards for refugees with a certain sexual orientation. Even though UNHCR influences the Turkish government, referring to the theory as an international institution, UNHCR's role is not binding and intervening in Turkish policies. Hence, the policies adopted by the Turkish government are their own decisions because the policies also follow their goals.\u0000Keywords: International Institution, Policy Influence, Refugee, Turkey, UNHCR\u0000 \u0000Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh UNHCR sebagai lembaga internasional terhadap Turki dalam tata kelola pengungsi global. Perang Suriah menjadi penyebab masuknya pengungsi dalam jumlah besar ke Eropa, Turki sebagai negara transit banyak menerima pengungsi yang datang sebelum diteruskan ke negara ketiga. Turki menjadi negara yang paling signifikan dalam merespon krisis pengungsi, khususnya krisis pengungsi Suriah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif membaca secara kritis kemudian dianalisis untuk interpretasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui studi kepustakaan. Penulis menggunakan teori rezim internasional untuk menjelaskan peran lembaga internasional dalam memengaruhi perilaku aktor. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa UNHCR sebagai lembaga internasional memengaruhi perilaku Turki dalam menangani isu pengungsi. Standar UNHCR dan peraturan pengungsi memengaruhi Turki untuk menyesuaikan dan mengadopsi kebijakan di bidang pendidikan, peraturan perlindungan sementara, dan standar kebijakan bagi pengungsi dengan orientasi seksual tertentu. Meskipun UNHCR memengaruhi Pemerintah Turki, mengacu pada teori sebagai lembaga internasional, peran UNHCR tidak mengikat dan mengintervensi kebijakan Turki. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan yang diambil oleh Pemerintah Turki adalah keputusan mereka sendiri karena kebijakan tersebut juga sesuai tujuan mereka.\u0000Kata-kata kunci: Institusi Internasional, Pengaruh Kebijakan, Pengungsi, Turki, UNHCR","PeriodicalId":322623,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Global Strategis","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133870025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Securitizing the Unseen: Behind Trump’s Reliance on Mexico in Combating Irregular Immigration","authors":"Eiga Sitompul, B. Cipto","doi":"10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.327-346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.327-346","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to analyze the reasons behind Trump’s decision to pressure Mexico to combat irregular immigration. Trump’s administration showed an exceptional commitment to immigration control and dramatically re-oriented the immigration control mechanism in the United States (US). Despite unprecedented amounts of changes in the US internal immigration system under Trump, his presidency relied on Mexico for his securitization cause. Due to massive migration activities along the US-Mexico border, Trump forced Mexican authorities to cooperate with US institutions to reduce and filter migrant flows coming to the US. Nonetheless, existing literature regarding US immigration did not explain the reason behind Trump’s reliance on Mexican authorities and its cooperation system; thus this article aims to fill the gap. This research applies the migration securitization framework in evaluating the US immigration system prior to the 2019 US-Mexico joint statement on immigration. Using Bourbeau’s migration securitization framework, the research found that Trump’s immigration policy faced barriers due to interference from the opposition party. This research concluded that the US federal system and political climate confined Trump’s immigration enforcement efforts, thus pushing the administration to burden Mexican authorities with its enforcement efforts.\u0000Keywords: irregular immigration, Mexico, migration securitization, Trump, US.\u0000 \u0000Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keputusan presiden Trump dalam menekan Meksiko untuk memerangi imigran gelap. Pemerintahan Trump menunjukkan komitmen luar biasa dalam mengontrol sistem imigrasi di Amerika Serikat (AS), mengorientasikan mekanisme imigrasi internal secara dramatis. Namun, terlepas dari perubahan besar dalam mekanisme imigrasi dibawah pemerintahan Trump, presiden Trump bergantung terhadap pemerintah Meksiko dalam mengimplementasikan agenda sekuritisasinya. Karena aktivitas migrasi besar-besaran di sepanjang perbatasan AS-Meksiko, Trump memaksa otoritas Meksiko untuk bekerja sama dalam menyaring arus migran yang datang ke AS. Studi-studi sebelumnya tidak menjelaskan alasan dibalik ketergantungan Trump pada otoritas Meksiko, sehingga artikel ini bertujuan mengisi kekosongan tersebut. Penelitian ini menerapkan kerangka sekuritisasi imigrasi dalam mengevaluasi sistem imigrasi AS sebelum pernyataan bilateral AS-Meksiko tahun 2019 tentang imigrasi. Menggunakan kerangka Sekuritisasi Bourbeau, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa kebijakan imigrasi Trump terhambat oleh campur tangan partai oposisi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa sistem federal dan iklim politik di AS membatasi upaya penegakan imigrasi Trump, sehingga mendorong pemerintahan untuk membebani pemerintah Meksiko dengan upaya penegakannya.\u0000Kata-kata Kunci: Amerika Serikat, imigrasi ilegal, Meksiko, sekuritisasi imigrasi, Trump","PeriodicalId":322623,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Global Strategis","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122174212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Questioning Universal Humanism: The European Double Standard on Refugees","authors":"Hirshi Anadza, Rommel Utungga Pasopati, S. Syarifuddin","doi":"10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.289-306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.289-306","url":null,"abstract":"About 4.6 million Ukrainians were forced to migrate to several European countries. This number is about four times the number of Syrian refugees seeking asylum in Europe. With a ratio of 1:4, European countries are more likely to accept Ukraine refugees in larger numbers, and this raises the assumption that there is a double standard among European countries in treating refugees between Ukraine and Syria. This assumption is primarily based on issues of race, religion, culture, and even politics. However, humanism's universal view neglected partialism and viewed humans as members of the human family who did not leave others behind. Furthermore, the Europeans who invented the concept of humanism itself, in reality, did not implement the concept universally but only in the European region. Therefore, with a descriptive-qualitative approach, this paper aims to emphasize that regional solidarity can go beyond universal humanitarian impulses. The theory of universal humanism is used as the primary standard in analyzing the phenomenon of the European double standard. It can be said that even though the Ukraine-Russia crisis has the potential to cause high inflation with slow growth, Europeans are still making solid efforts to help refugees from Ukraine. In other words, regional solidarity seems to be more of a priority than universal humanitarian impulses. \u0000Keywords: Regional Solidarity, Universal Humanism, Refugees, Russian Invasion, Syria, Ukraine\u0000 \u0000Sekitar 4,6 juta orang Ukraina terpaksa bermigrasi ke beberapa negara Eropa. Jumlah ini adalah sekitar empat kali jumlah pengungsi Suriah yang mencari suaka di Eropa. Dengan rasio 1:4, negara-negara Eropa lebih mudah menerima pengungsi Ukraina dalam jumlah yang lebih besar, dan hal ini menimbulkan anggapan bahwa negara-negara Eropa menerapkan standar ganda dalam menangani pengungsi antara Ukraina dan Suriah. Asumsi ini sebagian besar didasarkan pada masalah ras, agama, budaya, dan bahkan politik. Akan tetapi, pandangan universal humanisme mengabaikan keberpihakan dan memandang manusia sebagai anggota keluarga manusia, yang tidak meninggalkan manusia lain. Selain itu, orang Eropa yang menemukan konsep humanisme itu sendiri pada realitanya tidak menerapkan konsep tersebut secara universal, tetapi hanya di wilayah Eropa saja. Oleh karena itu, dengan pendekatan deskriptif-kualitatif, tulisan ini ingin menekankan bahwa solidaritas regional sejatinya dapat melampaui dorongan kemanusiaan universal. Teori humanisme universal digunakan sebagai standar utama dalam menganalisis fenomena standar ganda Eropa ini. Dapat dikatakan bahwa meskipun krisis Ukraina-Rusia berpotensi menyebabkan inflasi tinggi dengan pertumbuhan yang lambat, orang Eropa masih berupaya keras untuk membantu para pengungsi dari Ukraina. Dengan kata lain, solidaritas regional tampaknya lebih menjadi prioritas dibandingkan dengan dorongan kemanusiaan universal.\u0000Kata-kata Kunci: Solidaritas Regional, Humanisme Universal, Pengungsi, Invasi Rusia, Suri","PeriodicalId":322623,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Global Strategis","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127939870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASEAN’s Potential Strategy to Deal and Tackle the Problems in the South China Sea","authors":"A. Prayoga, Jonni Mahroza, S. D. Waluyo","doi":"10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.381-400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.381-400","url":null,"abstract":"The strategic values of the South China Sea trigger consequences, which are the emergence of multiple claims to the sovereignty of the area to exploit the strategic values ​​for the national interest. The claims thus construct complex issues in the South China Sea, which involve China’s assertiveness and the internationalization of the South China Sea circumstance, which makes the situation in the region unconducive and hinders the resolution process. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) must also deal with different views among several member countries regarding the South China Sea dispute. With a security community formed through the ASEAN Political Security Community, ASEAN must be a platform for its member countries to develop and implement strategies to realize common interests, namely order and security. This research explains the potential strategies ASEAN can carry out in solving problems in the South China Sea. This research used qualitative methods, descriptive analysis, and regional security complex theory. This research finds that the strategy that ASEAN can potentially use is to accelerate the formulation of the Code of Conduct (CoC), restore ASEAN identity, and form the ASEAN Navy and the ASEAN Maritime Identification Zone (ASEAN MIZ); thus, ASEAN can comprehensively fulfill a conducive, peaceful, and secure water area.\u0000Keywords: ASEAN, stability and security, sovereignty, South China Sea, maritime security, common interests, strategy\u0000 \u0000Nilai strategis yang dimiliki Laut Tiongkok Selatan membawa konsekuensi berupa munculnya klaim tumpang tindih terhadap kedaulatan area tersebut untuk dapat memanfaatkan nilai strategis yang ada demi kepentingan nasional tertentu. Hal ini menimbulkan permasalahan kompleks di Laut Tiongkok Selatan, yang bukan hanya melibatkan asertivitas Tiongkok, tetapi juga Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) yang menghadapi perbedaan pandangan di antara beberapa negara anggota yang membuat situasi di wilayah tersebut semakin tidak kondusif dan menghambat proses penyelesaiannya. Dengan komunitas keamanan yang terbentuk melalui ASEAN Political Security Community, ASEAN harus menjadi wadah bagi negara-negara anggotanya untuk menyusun dan melaksanakan strategi yang dapat mewujudkan kepentingan bersama, yaitu keteraturan dan keamanan. Penelitian ini menjelaskan strategi yang dapat dilakukan ASEAN dalam menghadapi dan menyelesaikan permasalahan di Laut Tiongkok Selatan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan analisis deskriptif serta teori Regional Security Complex. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa strategi yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh ASEAN adalah mempercepat perumusan Code of Conduct (CoC), mengembalikan identitas ASEAN, dan membentuk ASEAN Navy serta ASEAN Maritime Identification Zone (ASEAN MIZ), sehingga ASEAN secara menyeluruh dapat mewujudkan wilayah perairan yang kondusif, damai, dan aman. \u0000Kata-kata Kunci: ASEAN, keteraturan dan keamanan, kedaulatan, Laut Tiongkok Sel","PeriodicalId":322623,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Global Strategis","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128413848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Indonesia's Strategy in Response to COVID-19: A Fragmented State Balancing Health and Economy","authors":"Yohanes William Santoso","doi":"10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.467-490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.467-490","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to explain how the country's transformation influences Indonesia's strategy in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking a period from March 2020 to May 2022, this article is based on the strategy of the Indonesian government, which seeks to balance health and economic aspects when responding to a pandemic. Indonesia has chosen an adaptive balancing strategy that balances health and economic aspects to respond to the pandemic. This strategy is relatively different from the reference strategy suggested by the World Health Organization (WHO), which focuses more on health before recovering the economy, which has drawn criticism from various experts. Nevertheless, the Indonesian government's efforts to deal with the pandemic have experienced significant progress and have succeeded in reducing transmission rates and accelerating vaccination. Therefore, this research explains why Indonesia chose an adaptive balancing strategy. To answer this question, researchers use state transformation theory as an explanatory instrument in understanding the dynamics of the policy-making process at the domestic level in response to a pandemic. In particular, the findings of this article discuss how fragmentation in Indonesia explains the domestic dynamics behind the country's response to cross-border non-traditional security issues such as the COVID-19 pandemic.\u0000Keywords: Indonesia, Adaptive Balancing Strategy, COVID-19 Pandemic, State Transformation, Fragmentation\u0000Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana transformasi negara memengaruhi strategi Indonesia dalam menghadapi pandemi COVID-19. Dengan mengambil jangka waktu mulai dari Maret 2020 hingga Mei 2022, artikel ini berlatar belakang pada strategi pemerintah Indonesia yang berupaya untuk menyeimbangkan antara aspek kesehatan dan perekonomian ketika merespons pandemi. Indonesia memilih strategi perimbangan adaptif yang menyeimbangkan aspek kesehatan dan ekonomi sebagai jalan keluar dalam merespons pandemi. Strategi tersebut relatif berbeda dengan acuan strategi yang disarankan oleh World Health Organization (WHO) yang lebih berfokus pada kesehatan sebelum memulihkan perekonomian sehingga sempat menuai kritik dari berbagai pakar. Walaupun demikian, upaya pemerintah Indonesia dalam menangani pandemi mengalami perkembangan yang signifikan dan berhasil menurunkan angka penularan serta mempercepat vaksinasi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini berusaha menjelaskan alasan mengapa Indonesia memilih strategi perimbangan adaptif. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, peneliti menggunakan teori transformasi negara sebagai instrumen penjelas dalam memahami dinamika proses pengambilan kebijakan di tingkat domestik untuk merespons pandemi. Secara khusus, temuan artikel ini membahas bagaimana fragmentasi di Indonesia menjelaskan dinamika domestik di balik respons negara terhadap isu keamanan non-tradisional lintas batas seperti pandemi COVID-19.\u0000Kata-kata kunci: Indonesia, Strategi Perimbangan Adaptive, Pan","PeriodicalId":322623,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Global Strategis","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134043536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defining Islamic Transnationalism: A Case Study of Indonesia’s Nahdlatul Ulama","authors":"Vyan Tashwirul Afkar, Dwi Ardhanariswari Sundrijo","doi":"10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.363-380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20473/jgs.17.2.2023.363-380","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) as a transnational actor in international relations and comprehends its behavior based on the dimensions of Transnational Islam. NU is well recognized as an Indonesian national religious civil society organization and presented itself as the antithesis of Transnational Islam in the country. Meanwhile, NU conducts many cross-border activities, has members all over the world, and has offices based in various countries, enough to make it be perceived as a Transnational Islamic organization. This article examines why NU is a Transnational Islamic organization using Bowen's three dimensions of Transnational Islam: demographic movements, transnational religious institutions, and Islamic references and debates. This research applies qualitative descriptive methods from literary works. This research concludes that NU is a Transnational Islamic organization as it fits all three of Bowen's dimensions. NU's transnational dimensions are found at various but interconnected categories, specifically cultural, structural, and ideational levels.\u0000Keywords: Nahdlatul Ulama, Indonesia, Islam, Islamic Transnationalism, Transnationalism\u0000 \u0000Artikel ini menguji status Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) sebagai aktor transnasional di dalam hubungan internasional dan menjabarkan perilakunya berdasarkan dimensi Islam transnasional. NU telah dikenal sebagai organisasi keagamaan Islam di Indonesia dan menampilkan diri sebagai antitesis gerakan-gerakan Islam transnasional di dalam negeri. Sementara itu, NU sendiri melakukan banyak kegiatan lintas batas negara, memiliki keanggotaan dari berbagai belahan dunia, dan memiliki kepengurusan internasional, sehingga dianggap cukup untuk menyebut NU sebagai organisasi Islam transnasional. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa NU adalah organisasi Islam transnasional berdasarkan tiga dimensi yang dikemukakan Bowen: demographic movements, transnational religious institutions, dan Islamic reference and debates. Artikel ini disusun dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui penelusuran pustaka. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa NU adalah organisasi Islam transnasional karena sesuai dengan ketiga dimensi Bowen. Adapun dimensi transnasionalitas NU berada di tiga level berbeda yang saling berkaitan, yaitu di level kultural, struktural, dan ideasional.\u0000Kata-kata kunci: Nahdlatul Ulama, Indonesia, Islam, Islam Transnational, Transnationalisme","PeriodicalId":322623,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Global Strategis","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115856480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}