XXI Century. Technosphere Safety最新文献

{"title":"The problem of emotional burnout in firefighters-rescuers of the Ministry of Emergency Situations","authors":"S. Ivanova, E. P. Maksimova","doi":"10.21285/2500-1582-2023-1-57-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2500-1582-2023-1-57-65","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes and evaluates the syndrome of emotional burnout in employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations on the example of the fire and rescue department of Irkutsk. The analysis of the survey showed that all respondents manifested symptoms of emotional burnout. In 25% of 16 employees aged 18 to 35, the syndrome has already developed or was developing. This necessitates the implementation of psychological prevention measures among the fire and rescue department personnel. One of these methods is debriefing. Its goal is to reduce the severity of the psychological consequences of the trauma experienced by responding in safety and confidentiality. When participants share with each other impressions, reactions and feelings about what they have experienced, they have a reduced sense of abnormality in their own reactions, and internal tension decreases. This is such a peculiar way of mutual assistance, which contributes to the mobilization of internal resources.","PeriodicalId":322608,"journal":{"name":"XXI Century. Technosphere Safety","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126731467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Neuronal Antibody and S100β Protein Content as a Risk Factor for Occupational Neurointoxication","authors":"G. Bodienkova, E. Boklazhenko, N. V. Guruleva","doi":"10.21285/2500-1582-2023-1-48-56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2500-1582-2023-1-48-56","url":null,"abstract":"The production of the vinyl chloride (VC) still extremely popular in many countries of the world today. The aim of this research was to study changes in the content of S100β protein and antibodies to nerve tissue proteins as regulators of the nervous system in workers in the production of vinyl chloride, depending on the severity of the pathological process. Men working in the production of VC were examined. There are 53 healthy trained workers without signs of disorders of neuro-mental status and 26 patients with initial manifestations of neurointoxication with vinyl chloride among them. The concentration of S100β protein and neurotrophic antibodies (NAB) in blood serum was determined by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. The more pronounced increase in S100β protein was found in persons with initial manifestations of neurointoxication, compared with trained healthy workers. The involvement of autoimmune reactions in the processes of regulation of the nervous system through the production of antibodies (AB) to certain structures of the nervous tissue has been proved. It is shown that the intensity of autoimmune reactions and the spectrum of produced AB working in the production of VC depend on the duration of exposure and the stage of development of the neurointoxication. It was also established that the change in the synthesis of NAB to specific proteins of nervous tissue is associated with the deterioration of neurological status in trained healthy workers. The obtained results allow us to assess the degree of interest of certain structures of the nervous tissue – bioregulators of the nervous system in the development of neurological disorders. Revealed an increase in serum concentrations of NAB to MAG, and in persons with clinical manifestations of asthenic disorder with autonomic dysfunction – NAB to DNA, NAB to S100β in trained healthy workers. These indicators can be regarded as a risk factor for occupational neurointoxication. The results obtained will improve the quality of diagnosis, especially in the early stages of the disease and, as a result, the formation of the most optimal treatment tactics.","PeriodicalId":322608,"journal":{"name":"XXI Century. Technosphere Safety","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129745141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycling of ash slag of the fuel and energy complex into the production of porous aggregate and its ecological and economic efficiency","authors":"V. Abdrakhimov, V. M. Laukhin","doi":"10.21285/2500-1582-2023-1-8-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2500-1582-2023-1-8-17","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, the need to solve the accumulated environmental problems is crucial for the survival of mankind. The article describes a method of processing a large–tonnage secondary resource - ash and slag and waste of the fuel and energy industry. An assessment of the ecological and economic efficiency of this technology was presented. It showed that the use of large-tonnage waste of the fuel and energy industry makes it possible to obtain porous aggregates with improved physical and mechanical properties. It was shown that ash-slag waste can be used as a filler and a burn-out additive in the production of porous fillers based on the liquid-glass composition. The new technology for obtaining a porous filler (RF patent № 2470885) involves the following operations: grinding andmixing, obtaining granules, heat treatment at 250-300 °C, heat trearment at 1000 oC, production of a porous filler M400 with a thermal conductivity of less than 0.25 W / (m °>C). The method of production of porous aggregate allows for the use of large–tonnage waste - ash and slag materials without the use of natural traditional raw materials such as clay, and quartz sand. The study has shown that porosity is little visible. This means that the ash–slag material contributes to the production of closed pores in the porous filler, which increases strength of the products; the optimal amount of ash-slag is 37%. The results of the use of ash and slag are as follows: a) an increase in the volume of production of porous aggregates due to waste recycling; b) increased profit; c) higher waste capacity; d) saving on material resources.","PeriodicalId":322608,"journal":{"name":"XXI Century. Technosphere Safety","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133035177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating a repository and a database for overcoming consequences of the Chernobyl accident in Bryansk region in 1986–1993","authors":"O. Apanasyuk, A. Skorobogatov, T. A. Bulantseva","doi":"10.21285/2500-1582-2023-1-27-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2500-1582-2023-1-27-47","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of a study of documents issued by the executive authorities and the CPSU bodies and stored in the funds of the state archives of Bryansk region. The documents deal with the issues of overcoming consequences of the Chernobyl accident in 1986-1993. The present study aims to analyze measures taken to develop a radiation safety system in Bryansk region. The article describes the structure of the database which includes documents issued by the executive authorities and the CPSU bodies on the impact of the Chernobyl accident in Bryansk region. Using the electronic copies of these documents, the database was created. The documents can be searched for and selected based on the relations with measures intended to overcome consequences of the Chernobyl accident, assessments of the socio-economic situation in Bryansk region and effectiveness of the managerial decisions.","PeriodicalId":322608,"journal":{"name":"XXI Century. Technosphere Safety","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124136444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations in fire safety and examination of forces and means for extinguishing a fire in the ice palace “Baikal” in Irkutsk","authors":"V. G. Morin, K. L. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.21285/2500-1582-2022-4-354-364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2500-1582-2022-4-354-364","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work is to generalize innovative solutions in the field of construction of sports facilities and to examine the forces and means necessary to extinguish a fire in the Baikal Ice Palace in Irkutsk. To achieve this goal, the authors analyze the innovations proposed by Russian and foreign experts in the field of fire safety in the construction and operation of sports facilities. The effectiveness of modern innovative protection systems is discussed, such as fire extinguishing with remote control, fire alarms, robotic extinguishing systems, smoke protection in automatic and remote modes, control panels for evacuation control, etc. An analysis of the level of fire protection of an object was carried out using the example of an ice palace “Baikal”, for which possible scenarios of emergency situations related to fire were considered. It was possible to determine the forces and means necessary to extinguish a possible fire and conduct ASR (emergency rescue operations) using calculations of the fire area, the amount of the required fire extinguishing agent, the intensity of its supply, the number of involved units and units of the GDZS, the number of tankers. A method for calculating the stress state of a structure under the influence of a temperature load is proposed, possible schemes for the development of a fire are developed, and the necessary data for calculating the area and the number of mobile devices for extinguishing are obtained. During the inspection of the ice palace, it was found that the building provides for the protection of premises of any area with automatic fire extinguishing installations and fire alarms, robotic fire complexes (RPK) have been introduced. The success of firefighting depends on the correct placement and provision of sufficient firefighting forces and equipment, as well as on the careful choice of a decisive course of action. The objectivity of the assessment of the fire situation and the accuracy of decision-making are due to the highly professional training of the Cancellation Service Manager (RCD) and the ability to predict the development of fire fighting.","PeriodicalId":322608,"journal":{"name":"XXI Century. Technosphere Safety","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124577807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecast of the operational situation in fire extinguishing in the new building of Irkutsk perinatal center","authors":"A. Pozdnyakov, A. N. Kashin","doi":"10.21285/2500-1582-2022-4-365-373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2500-1582-2022-4-365-373","url":null,"abstract":"The protection of maternity hospitals and perinatal centers in Russia from fires is a crucial problem associated both with the functions of these institutions and their insufficient funding. The main factors affecting the safety of people in a fire are actions of firefighters and medical staff. The aim of the study is to develop measures aimed to improve the efficiency of fire-fighting units in extinguishing fires in maternity hospitals and perinatal centers using the example of the new building of Irkutsk perinatal center. The methods for predicting the operational situation in a fire and determining the volume of forces and means of firefighting formations were used. Based on the results, a forecast for the development of the most dangerous fire at Irkutsk Perinatal Center was created, and the volumes of technical equipment and the number of fire-fighting staff required to save people, extinguish the fire and protect neighboring premises were determined. The fire extinguishing schemes were developed. Organizational and technical measures aimed to improve the efficiency of evacuation of patients and medical staff were proposed. The need to develop a code of rules meeting the fire safety requirements was emphasized. The code should establish standards for means used for saving people and fire protection systems in the design, construction, overhaul, reconstruction and operation of maternity hospitals and perinatal centers.","PeriodicalId":322608,"journal":{"name":"XXI Century. Technosphere Safety","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116564339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Professional risks of contractor`s workers replacing the hydroelectric unit at Irkutsk hydroelectric power station","authors":"O. A. Klypina","doi":"10.21285/2500-1582-2022-4-347-353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2500-1582-2022-4-347-353","url":null,"abstract":"The degree of occupational risk is an indicator that should be taken into account when managing the labor protection system. Timely identification of threat and their levels allows you to take measures aimed to reduce and (or) eliminate harmful and dangerous factors, thereby preventing injuries and occupational diseases. When assessing professional risks, jobs and technological operations of own personnel are often taken into consideration. However, the contractor’s personnel involved in the repair, adjustment and reconstruction of equipment is also exposed to dangers. According to the statistics on injuries at the energy enterprises of Irkutsk region for 2021, engineering companies account for the largest number of accidents. Based on a scoring with a 5x5 risk matrix, the study determined the level of occupational risks of contractor’ employees replacing the hydroelectric unit at Irkutsk HPP. The results can be used to identify measures required to reduce the level of risks to average (permissible) values.","PeriodicalId":322608,"journal":{"name":"XXI Century. Technosphere Safety","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132427858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of operational fire situation parameters in the Irkutsk region","authors":"T. I. Drozdova, V. M. Zarudsky","doi":"10.21285/2500-1582-2022-4-334-346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2500-1582-2022-4-334-346","url":null,"abstract":"The fire situation in the municipalities of Irkutsk region should be improved in order to prevent and eliminate man-made fires. The purpose of the study is to assess the fire situation and activities of the fire departments of Irkutsk region. For the study, statistical data on the absolute and relative indicators of the operational work of the fire service departments of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia was sued. A comparative analysis of integral indicators for the absolute values of the number of fires and deaths in urban and rural settlements of the Russian Federation, the Siberian Federal District and Irkutsk region was carried out. It was revealed that rural residents die from fires more often than the urban ones. According to relative indicators (per 100 000 people), the risk of fire-related death in Irkutsk region is 1,5 times higher than in the Russian Federation and the Siberian Federal District. An analysis of the fi situation in Irkutsk region in 2011−2021 revealed a positive trend for both urban and rural residents. The areas that are most prone to fi were identifi Katan and Kazachinsko-Lensk districts. The operational work of fi departments aimed to regulate the number of inhabitants in urban and rural settlements was assessed. It is shown that the main share of combat work is performed by the FFS subdivisions. It was concluded that it is necessary to strengthen the support of municipalities (especially in rural settlements).","PeriodicalId":322608,"journal":{"name":"XXI Century. Technosphere Safety","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126467440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated use of unconditional mining raw materials","authors":"L. I. Khudyakova","doi":"10.21285/2500-1582-2022-4-381-388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2500-1582-2022-4-381-388","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the mining industry is accompanied by an increase in the volume of overburden, enclosing and substandard rocks located in dumps, which negatively affects the ecological situation. The purpose of this study is to establish a possibility and offer ways for the integrated use of mining raw materials. A number of experiments were conducted to achieve the goal. Using the methods of gravimetry and atomic absorption spectroscopy, the chemical analysis of basalts of the Baikal region was carried out; using the destructive method, physical and mechanical tests of the samples were performed. The possibility of using these rocks as a coarse aggregate for concrete was studied; the dependence of the strength of the materials on the chemical composition of crushed stone was established; in particular, it was determined that the addition of crushed stone with a high content of magnesium and iron oxides into the composition of concrete improves the mechanical properties of the samples. The rock acidity modulus was within the regulated limits, which indicates the possibility of obtaining high-quality melt that contributes to good fiber formation. The working temperature for the basalt melt and its relationship with the chemical and mineralogical composition of the basalts were established. Basalts which are of little use for producing concrete are high-quality raw materials for producing mineral fiber. It is possible to use mining raw materials in a complex way and reduce the amount of substandard rocks transferred to dumps, thereby improving the environmental situation in the areas of subsoil use.","PeriodicalId":322608,"journal":{"name":"XXI Century. Technosphere Safety","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130803719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risks of emergencies in the Far North of Krasnoyarsk region","authors":"K. A. Sokolova","doi":"10.21285/2500-1582-2022-4-374-380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21285/2500-1582-2022-4-374-380","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of security insurance in the Far North of the Russian Federation is being annually solved. The paper presents the calculation of emergency risks for the Far North of Krasnoyarsk region. The initial data for the calculation are the geographical characteristics and climatic features of the Far North of Krasnoyarsk region, which may entail the risk of emergencies and incidents; hazard categories of natural and man-made emergencies that may occur in the territory; the number of deaths caused by emergencies and incidents over the past five years. The most common cause of emergency in the northern territories of the region and in the circumpolar zone was identified. It is man-made fires. The number of fires in the industrial sector of the polar regions is much higher than in other regions. The paper suggests ways to reduce the unacceptable level of emergency risks. It seems that these measures will make the northern territories safer and more accessible to the population.","PeriodicalId":322608,"journal":{"name":"XXI Century. Technosphere Safety","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121244277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}