Acta MedicoHistorica Rigensia最新文献

{"title":"Silencing Sex Education in Soviet Latvia in the early 1980s: the Case of the Destruction of the Book Mīlestības vārdā by Jānis Zālītis","authors":"Ineta Lipša","doi":"10.25143/amhr.2022.xv.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25143/amhr.2022.xv.04","url":null,"abstract":"Through the case study of the publishing and banning of the second edi- tion of the book Mīlestības vārdā (1982, In the Name of Love) by the Latvian physician Jānis Zālītis (1933–2007), the article aims to analyse the changed understanding among medical educators and officials of the Latvian Communist Party on limits of what could be promoted in a handbook on sex education in the early 1980s. The author of the handbook and the publishing house were convinced that the degree of explicitness of the content of the sex education books already published was sufficient to risk expanding it with drawings of sex positions, despite the fact that the message of the illustrations did not correspond to the thesis of the conservative sexual agenda prevailing in the Soviet Union that sexual intercourse should take place only within marriage. Drawings by Edgars Ozoliņš clearly conveyed the message of pleasure and enjoyment, but they did not explicitly state that the woman and man enjoying penetrative sex were in a marital relationship as husband and wife. The article will argue that the decision to destroy the book was ethe nforced by the decision of the Burau of the Central Committee of the Latvian Communist Party of August 17, 1982, and promoted by its First Secretary (1966–1984) Augusts Voss, who called the book pornographic and influenced by Western ideology and harmful to Soviet ideology. The paper will establish that the destruction of the book Mīlestības vārdā shows that not only Zālītis’ ideas about what was and was not permissible in promoting sexual knowledge differed from the Soviet conservative sexual agenda, but that there was also a diversity of opinions within the Soviet Latvian nomenklatura.","PeriodicalId":32259,"journal":{"name":"Acta MedicoHistorica Rigensia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69067956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reaching out to the World: Pomeranian Medical University′s Connections to International Networks of Knowledge Production and Circulation, 1956–1968","authors":"J. Nieznanowska","doi":"10.25143/amhr.2022.xv.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25143/amhr.2022.xv.02","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the effects the political “Thaw” of 1956 had on the ability of the Pomeranian Medical University of Szczecin, Poland (PUM) to join and contribute to the international production and circula- tion of medical knowledge in the years 1956–1968. It gives an overview of the challenges PUM had to face in its relationships with the state apparatus that controlled access to foreign networks. It also discusses the cases of three PUM professors, namely: Bolesław Górnicki (1908–1998; head of Paediatrics), Witold Starkiewicz (1906–1978; head of Ophthalmology), and Kazimierz Stojałowski (1903–1995; head of Pathological Anatomy). For the first of them, Szczecin was a nine-year episode in a prosperous academic career closely tied with Warsaw; the latter two were among PUM’s founding staff and stayed in Szczecin till retirement. The study reveals how personality, political and confessional worldview, strength of personal attachment to PUM, and diplomatic skills exhibited by each of the three professors influenced the range, the quality, and the durability of connections they established between PUM and the world.","PeriodicalId":32259,"journal":{"name":"Acta MedicoHistorica Rigensia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69067557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Competition for the Chair for Pharmacology at the University of Dorpat in 1882 between Hans Horst Meyer and Gustav von Bunge","authors":"Michael Wiling","doi":"10.25143/amhr.2022.xv.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25143/amhr.2022.xv.01","url":null,"abstract":"The study focuses on the first position held by pharmacologist Hans Horst Meyer (1853–1939) 1 as a professor of pharmacology, dietetics, and the history of medicine at the University of Dorpat (today, Tartu University, Estonia) from 1882 to 1884. Meyer is known as the founder of pharmacology as an independent academic discipline in Vienna (Austria). 2 He competed with the well-known physiologist Gustav Piers Alexander von Bunge (1844–1920) for the position of the chairman of the department in 1881. Meyer was given the position of a professor in Dorpat instead of Gustav von Bunge (1844–1929). The outcome of the competition raises several research questions: why Meyer was allocated the chair in 1881; which arguments spoke in favour of Meyer and what was against him, what spoke against von Bunge; which historical events influenced university life in Dorpat; under which political and ideological currents the decision for the new professor was made. Events such as the Russification of the university and the assassination of Alexander II (1818–1881) significantly impacted teaching at the University of Dorpat from 1875 to 1885. During that period, both professors formed the basis of their outstanding academic careers. The arti- cle provides biographical analysis of Hans Horst Meyer based on Meyer’s files from the University’s of Tartu archive. Since Meyer competed with Gustav von Bunge for his first position as a chairholder, the biography of Gustav von Bunge has also been studied, contextualising it with the significant changes in the organisation of the University of Dorpat. Individual academic achievements of both scholars have been identified and listed using such platforms as Web of Science, Neurotree, the pharmacological journal “Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Archives of Pharmacology”, The Online Books Page, and WorldCat. Afterward, the conclusions about the individual scientific portfolios of the two applicants for the chair- man of the department have been made. Finally, contributing factor to why Hans Horst Meyer was successful with his application has been identified.","PeriodicalId":32259,"journal":{"name":"Acta MedicoHistorica Rigensia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69067476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Desmit vērši jeb ceļš uz modernu sirds vārstuļu ārstēšanu","authors":"Pēteris Stradiņš","doi":"10.25143/amhr.2022.xv.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25143/amhr.2022.xv.05","url":null,"abstract":"Cilvēka sirds vārstuļu patoloģiju ārstēšana ir viens no kardioķirurģijas un kardioloģijas pamatvirzieniem. Tieši vārstuļu ārstēšanas evolūcija ir viens no mūsdienu sirds ķirurģijas un invazīvās kardioloģijas attīstības stūrakmeņiem. Lai izsekotu šo ceļu no pašiem pirmsākumiem līdz mūs- dienām, izmantošu alegoriju par desmit dzenbudisma vēršiem.","PeriodicalId":32259,"journal":{"name":"Acta MedicoHistorica Rigensia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69068162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profesors Georgs Andrejevs – ārsts, zinātnieks un politiķis","authors":"Kaspars Antonovičs, Juris Salaks","doi":"10.25143/amhr.2022.xv.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25143/amhr.2022.xv.07","url":null,"abstract":"Profesoru Dr. habil. med. G. Andrejevu (1932–2022) pelnīti var dēvēt par Latvijas anestezioloģijas un reanimatoloģijas celmlauzi un pamatlicēju. Viņš bijis viena no ievērojamākajām personībām Latvijas anestezioloģijā, reanimatoloģijā un medicīnā kopumā, neatsverams ir viņa ieguldījums Latvijas medicīnas un zinātnes attīstībā. Profesora Andrejeva vadībā anestezioloģija Latvijā kļuva par atsevišķu medicīnas nozari, pateicoties aktīvai viņa dalībai pasaules līmeņa zinātniskajās konferencēs, kur viņš ne tikai aktīvi apguva jaunāko pasaules praksi un pieredzi anestezioloģijā un reanimatoloģijā, bet arī prezentēja savus pētījumus, izgudrojumus un profesionālo pieredzi, gūstot starptautisku atzinību pasaules līmenī. Georgs Andrejevs bija ārsts, izgudrotājs, Latvijas Zinātņu akadēmijas īstenais loceklis, vairāk nekā 200 zinātnisko darbu un vairāk nekā 10 izgudrojumu autors. Paralēli aktīvai praktiskajai darbībai anestezioloģijas jomā viņš izglītoja jaunu Latvijas anesteziologu paaudzi. 1990. gada 4. maijā Georgs Andrejevs balsoja par Latvijas neatkarību un turpmāk nesa tās vārdu pasaulē gan kā politiķis un ārlietu ministrs, gan kā vēstnieks un diplomāts. Viņš bija Atmodas laika politiķis, diplomāts un valstsvīrs – bijis ārlietu ministrs, 5. Saeimas un Eiropas Parlamenta deputāts, aktīvs sabiedrisks darbinieks, divkāršais Trīszvaigžņu ordeņa kavalieris.","PeriodicalId":32259,"journal":{"name":"Acta MedicoHistorica Rigensia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69068749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Latvijā izdotās grāmatas par medicīnas vēsturi (2021–2022)","authors":"Maija Pozemkovska","doi":"10.25143/amhr.2022.xv.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25143/amhr.2022.xv.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32259,"journal":{"name":"Acta MedicoHistorica Rigensia","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69068524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paula Stradiņa Medicīnas vēstures muzeja darbība komunistes Hertas Hanzenas vadībā (1961–1972)","authors":"Rita Grāvere","doi":"10.25143/amhr.2022.xv.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25143/amhr.2022.xv.03","url":null,"abstract":"Raksta mērķis ir izpētīt Paula Stradiņa Medicīnas vēstures muzeja direktores no 1961. līdz 1972. gadam Hertas Hanzenas (1909–1972) vadības stilu, sadarbību ar kolektīvu un citām darbības šķautnēm un analizēt, kā veidojās muzejs viņas ideoloģiskajā vadībā. Hanzena ir dzimusi Rīgā, tomēr kā personība veidojās Padomju Krievijā. Būdama sanitārā ārste pēc izglītības, viņa bija komuniste pēc pārliecības un attiecīgi veidoja 1961. gada 20. jūlijā atklātā muzeja ekspozīciju un krājumu.","PeriodicalId":32259,"journal":{"name":"Acta MedicoHistorica Rigensia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69067575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diskusiju cikls “Zinātnes, kultūras mantojuma un ideoloģijas krustpunkti RSU muzeja krājumā”","authors":"Daiga Dupate","doi":"10.25143/amhr.2022.xv.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25143/amhr.2022.xv.06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32259,"journal":{"name":"Acta MedicoHistorica Rigensia","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69068708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alexandra Kollontai and three Swedish female physicians – friendly relationships around the Soviet ambassador in Stockholm 1930–1945","authors":"Alexandra Nicolaidis, David Dunér, P. Nilsson","doi":"10.25143/amhr.2021.xiv.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25143/amhr.2021.xiv.04","url":null,"abstract":"Alexandra Kollontai was the Soviet ambassador to Sweden in the years 1930 to 1945. In Sweden she gained many friends in the peace- and women’s movement and among these were several female physicians. This article describes and investigates the friendships between Swedish female physicians and Alexandra Kollontai. The three physicians focused on are Ada Nilsson (1872–1964), Andrea Andreen (1888–1972) and Nanna Svartz (1890–1986). It is found that Kollontai and the physicians became proper friends, although initial contacts between them had political or medical causes.","PeriodicalId":32259,"journal":{"name":"Acta MedicoHistorica Rigensia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69067768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations in healthcare of peripheral regions – Greifswald as incubator for the Baltic Sea region?","authors":"S. Flessa","doi":"10.25143/amhr.2021.xiv.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25143/amhr.2021.xiv.07","url":null,"abstract":"Health care systems are called to reconcile at least three conflicting goals: They have to provide sufficient health care services of appropriate quality for the population, keep the cost at an affordable level, and make services accessible for every member of the society. Achieving all three of these goals at the same time is sometime like squaring the circle: Good ser- vices accessibly for everybody even in peripheral regions require resources and generate costs which – too often – seem inappropriate for many politicians and members of the society. At the same time, high quality ser- vices are only affordable with centralised systems where the number of patients permits sufficient routine. However, this centralisation means that services are not available close of the places where people live, in particu- lar in rural areas. The only answer are innovations of health care provision which increase the efficiency of the system and make it possible to achieve all objectives at the same time. The district of Vorpommern-Greifswald has developed, adopted, and implemented innovations in the field of telemedicine, emergency services, drones, and cross-border health care, which have already proven relevant for the region. These innovations are ready to diffuse into other countries of the Baltic Sea region. At the same time, innovations from other countries could be fruitful innovations seedlings for the district in North-Eastern Germany. However, this would require overcoming a number of financial, cultural, and personal barriers in order to improve the health care situation even in peripheral regions. This paper discusses the “magic triangle” of cost, quality, and accessi- bility as the fundamental goal system of a health care system. Furthermore, it presents some insights into the innovations implemented in the district of Vorpommern-Greifswald. Finally, it discusses a model of innovation adop- tion and potentials entering into an adoption and adaption process within the Baltic Sea region.","PeriodicalId":32259,"journal":{"name":"Acta MedicoHistorica Rigensia","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69067865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}