Konversi最新文献

{"title":"Quality of cow dung composting fertilizer with additional starter solution of cow rumen contents","authors":"Amirul Nurdiansyah, Arqowi Pribadi, D. Suprayogi, Abdillah Akmal Karami","doi":"10.20527/k.v12i1.14357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20527/k.v12i1.14357","url":null,"abstract":"RPH Kedurus produces livestock solid waste in the form of cow dung as much as 750 kg/day and the content of cow rumen is 2 tons/day. The livestock solid waste can be processed by turning it into compost using the takakura composting method. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the compost according to the specified parameters (temperature, pH, moisture content, organic c, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and the C/N ratio) and to determine the dose of use of a good cow rumen content solution to produce compost according to the quality standard of SNI 19-7030-2004. In this study, the treatments used were P0 with a composition of 3 kg of cow dung and 1 kg of rice husks, P1 with a composition of P0 and 100 mL of starter solution of cow rumen contents, P2 with a composition of P0 and 200 mL of starter solution of cow rumen contents, and P3 with a composition of P0 and 300 mL of starter solution for bovine rumen contents. Overall, the characteristics produced by the four treatments met the quality standards, while the optimum dosage for the use of rumen contents was found in treatment P2 with the use of 200 mL of starter bovine rumen contents and produced a temperature of 29 °C, pH 7.4, water content 14.2%, C. -organic 67 %, nitrogen 4.26 %, phosphorus P2O5 0.37 %, potassium K2O 2.21 %, and C/N ratio 15.7. The compost fertilizer produced can be used as an alternative organic fertilizer to be developed.","PeriodicalId":32236,"journal":{"name":"Konversi","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82668742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parameter evaluation of extraction using microwave hydrodistillation ultrasonic-pretreatment on yield of black pepper oil","authors":"Renova Panjaitan, N. K. Erliyanti, Sandy Buana Putra, Achmad Pemadi Wicaksono, Alza Nadilla Syahrani, Nabila Ayu Amanda","doi":"10.20527/k.v12i1.14984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20527/k.v12i1.14984","url":null,"abstract":"Black pepper is one of Indonesia's agricultural commodities, contributing foreign exchange to the country. However, the economic value of this commodity has decreased. It is influenced by the lack of diversified black pepper products, which of course, have a higher value than raw material marketing. One product diversification that can be developed is black pepper oil. In obtaining essential oils, appropriate methods and technology are needed so that the resulting product is of high quality and the process is carried out efficiently. The latest methods in extraction that are being developed are microwave and ultrasonic technology. Therefore, in this study, black pepper oil extraction was carried out using the microwave hydrodistillation method, whereas previously, ultrasonic pretreatment was given for the material. In this case, observations were made on the influence of extraction parameters. Based on the research, it was found that increasing the distiller size flask and ambient temperature could increase the percentage of essential oils yield. At the same time, the longer extraction time caused a decrease in yield. Decreasing the material particle size and increasing microwave power could cause an increase in yield up to a certain point. The best results in black pepper oil extraction were obtained under extraction conditions using a distiller size of 1000mL, extraction time of 60 minutes, at an ambient temperature of 30 oC, the particle size of 60 mesh, at a power of 450 W with a yield of 1.056%, with the characteristics of having a clear greenish colour and anRI of 1.480. These specifications comply with ISO 3061:2008 for essential oil from black pepper. Thus, these parameters can be considered in the black pepper oil extraction process to produce marketable products. As a suggestion for further research, modeling, and process scale-up can be developed.","PeriodicalId":32236,"journal":{"name":"Konversi","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78033287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectivity CaO/Hydrotalcite catalyst to biofuel microalgae Nannochloropsis sp conversion","authors":"Y. W. Mirzayanti, Muhammad Fadkhul Zakariya, D. Saputra","doi":"10.20527/k.v12i1.14209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20527/k.v12i1.14209","url":null,"abstract":"Along with the rapid development of the times, the need for energy is also increasing. Fossil energy in Indonesia reaches 95% of Indonesia’s energy needs. For this reason, it is necessary to find a solution to overcome this, one of which is using renewable energy which must also be environmentally friendly. One alternative energy that has been discovered and is still being developed is biofuel. One of the raw materials that can be used for the production of biofuels is the microalgae Nannochloropsis sp. This study aimed to determine the effect of operating time on %yield and FFA of the biofuel produced and the effect of loading catalyst on %yield and FFA of the resulting biofuel. The highest %yield of crude and the lowest FFA were observed at a reaction time of 3 hours and a catalyst loading of 0.45 %wt with values of 47.981 and 0.064, respectively. The lowest %yield of crude and the highest FFA were obtained at a reaction time of 1 hourwith a catalyst loading of 0.4 %wt with values of 25.730% and 0.133, respectively.","PeriodicalId":32236,"journal":{"name":"Konversi","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90534543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of pressure on the concentration of methane and carbon dioxide absorption in biogas","authors":"Hairul Huda, Revy Aditya, Rivaldo Bodewyn Julian Worotikan, N. Nurdin","doi":"10.20527/k.v12i1.14680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20527/k.v12i1.14680","url":null,"abstract":"Biogas is playing a vital role in the emerging market for renewable energy. Biogas is an alternative energy that can be used as a substitute for fossil energy. The main composition of biogas is methane gas (CH4) and carbon dioxide gas (CO2) with a small amount of hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Therefore, it is necessary to do treatment to enrich gas methane and reduce CO2 and H2S content in optimizing the use of biogas. Absorption is a CO2 capture technology often used in the chemical industry. A chemical absorption technique using a solvent solution is one of the most widely used techniques to capture CO2. This research uses MDEA (Nmethyldiethanolamine) solvent as an alkanolamine solution dissolved in water. The unit operation usually used to carry out the absorption process is an absorber, and the type of absorber used is a spray column absorber. Simulating variations in pressure on the absorber was conducted in this research. The result of this research is that the increase in pressure will increase the composition percent of CH4 in sweet gas and increase the amount of CO2 absorption in biogas. The best result of absorber pressure is obtained at a pressure of 48 bar. The purity of CH4 and %removal of CO2 in biogas can be solved simply by using the evaluation parameters of the various absorber pressures presented, which we expect to contribute to the biogas industry in the future.","PeriodicalId":32236,"journal":{"name":"Konversi","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78344299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of water lily activated charcoal as a biofilter in tofu wastewater treatment","authors":"Noor Khamidah, Muhammad Imam Nugraha, Novita Kurnia Sari","doi":"10.20527/k.v12i1.15176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20527/k.v12i1.15176","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of water lily activated charcoal as a biofilter in tofu wastewater treatment and to determine the effective dose of water lily activated charcoal as a biofilter in tofu wastewater treatment. The results showed that water lily activated charcoal can be used to improve the quality of tofu liquid waste; thus, it can improve the quality of tofu liquid waste which can be seen from the parameters of TSS (Total Suspended Solid). The treatment dose of 2 g of activated charcoal (A3) is the best dose to improve the quality of tofu liquid waste and has complied with the 2014 LH regulation concerning the quality standards of wastewater for the tofu industry, namely the parameters of TSS. The existence of this research can be a reference for further similar research by utilizing organic matter as an alternative in tofu wastewater treatment.","PeriodicalId":32236,"journal":{"name":"Konversi","volume":"201 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74147089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid treatment of food coloring industry waste using coconut and chitosan in removal dyes","authors":"Defana Makartina Yusuf, Nur Aini Rahma, Dian Yanuarita Purwaningsih","doi":"10.20527/k.v12i1.14217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20527/k.v12i1.14217","url":null,"abstract":"Liquid waste has a component containing water that has been mixed with chemical compounds. One example of liquid waste containing chemical compounds is wastewater from a food coloring industry. The liquid waste of the food coloring industry has a very strong color density so that it has a negative impact on the environment, therefore it is necessary to treat liquid waste in order to meet the quality standards of wastewater in accordance with East Java Governor Regulation number 72 of 2013. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding dose of coagulant and mass of biosorbent on percent color removal in food coloring industrial wastewater. The results showed that the addition of 35% coagulant and 13% biosorbent resulted in 97% optimal removal of color.","PeriodicalId":32236,"journal":{"name":"Konversi","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81359967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EFFECT OF FLY ASH ON PRODUCTS OF WATER HYACINTH CATALYTIC PYROLYSIS","authors":"R. Juwita, J. Jefriadi, K. Aprilianti, Mitha Amalia, R. Jelita","doi":"10.20527/k.v11i2.15578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20527/k.v11i2.15578","url":null,"abstract":"The use of alternative energy is needed to overcome the availability of fossil energy sources. One alternative energy source is water hyacinth through a pyrolysis process using a catalyst. Fly ash has the potential to be a catalyst given its very low utilization in Indonesia. Utilization of water hyacinth biomass through a pyrolysis process using a fly ash catalyst was carried out to determine the effect of catalyst activation and the amount of the catalyst on the pyrolysis product. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum amount of catalyst and the effect of catalyst activation on water hyacinth pyrolysis products. The experiment was carried out in an electric pyrolysis reactor equipped with a condenser as a coolant and a thermocouple. Nitrogen gas is fed into the pyrolysis reactor to create inert conditions that prevent sample burning. The crushed water hyacinth samples were put into the reactor with the fly ash catalyst with a catalyst composition of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of the raw material. The process lasted for 1 hour at 500 oC. The liquid product in the form of bio-oil is collected and then its mass and volume are measured. The solid product in the form of charcoal is taken after the pyrolysis process is complete and the reactor reaches room temperature and then its mass is measured. The highest liquid and solid yields were obtained with 10% activated catalyst variations, namely 39.142% for liquids and 45.144% for solids.","PeriodicalId":32236,"journal":{"name":"Konversi","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85819029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CHARACTERISTICS ANALYSIS OF ADSORBENT FROM RUBBER TREE TRUNK AND RUBBER SEED SHELLS","authors":"D. Nurandini, R. A. Lestari, Muhammad Zeva Prayitno, I. Syauqiah","doi":"10.20527/k.v11i2.14600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20527/k.v11i2.14600","url":null,"abstract":"The efforts to control heavy metal waste are developingg to obtain an economical, effective, and efficient method. One method that is widely used in industry is adsorption. In general, the use of conventional adsorbents requires relatively more expensive operational and regeneration costs, thus it is necessary to investigate alternative adsorbents derived from nature. Local commodities that can be taken as the basic material for adsorbents are rubber plants. In the rubber seed shell there are fibers containing cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and waxes. The rubber tree trunk at the base has a relatively high cellulose content (67.38%), the middle part has a cellulose content of (59.37%) and the end part has a cellulose content of (45.73%). Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the potential of rubber stems and rubber seed shell waste to be processed into adsorbents. The making of the adsorbent is preceded by the delignification stage and then followed by the activation process. Based on the characterization tests that have been carried out, it is known that the moisture content in the biosorbent of the rubber seed and shell is 10% and 11%, while the ash content is 1.23% and 2.33%, respectively. The volatile matter levels for the adsorbents from the stems and shells were 6.43% and 6.18%, respectively.The efforts to control heavy metal waste are developingg to obtain an economical, effective, and efficient method. One method that is widely used in industry is adsorption. In general, the use of conventional adsorbents requires relatively more expensive operational and regeneration costs, thus it is necessary to investigate alternative adsorbents derived from nature. Local commodities that can be taken as the basic material for adsorbents are rubber plants. In the rubber seed shell there are fibers containing cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and waxes. The rubber tree trunk at the base has a relatively high cellulose content (67.38%), the middle part has a cellulose content of (59.37%) and the end part has a cellulose content of (45.73%). Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the potential of rubber stems and rubber seed shell waste to be processed into adsorbents. The making of the adsorbent is preceded by the delignification stage and then followed by the activation process. Based on the characterization tests that have been carried out, it is known that the moisture content in the biosorbent of the rubber seed and shell is 10% and 11%, while the ash content is 1.23% and 2.33%, respectively. The volatile matter levels for the adsorbents from the stems and shells were 6.43% and 6.18%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":32236,"journal":{"name":"Konversi","volume":"568 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72539396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROCESSING OF TEMPE LIQUID WASTE IN STAGES USING COMBINATION OF COAGULATION AND ELECTROCOAGULATION METHODS","authors":"L. Cundari, Faisal Akbar Adin, A. Jannah, Dyos Santoso","doi":"10.20527/k.v11i2.14206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20527/k.v11i2.14206","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of slow stirring time of flocculation and stress on the electrocoagulation process on turbidity levels and pH values of tempe liquid waste. The research method used is a combination of coagulation and electrocoagulation processes carried out in batches. Variations carried out were slow stirring time of flocculation (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes) and variation of voltage (3,6, and 9 volts). The results showed that the stirring time and electrocoagulation voltage affected the turbidity of the tempe liquid waste but did not affect the pH level of the tempe liquid waste. The best slow flocculation time was 20 minutes with a turbidity yield of 31.04 NTU and a percent removal of turbidity of 91.56%. The electrocoagulation voltage of 9 volts resulted in a turbidity of 2.01 NTU and a percent turbidity removal of 93.52%.","PeriodicalId":32236,"journal":{"name":"Konversi","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88977643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DESIGN OF PACKED TOWER ABSORBER FOR CARBON DIOXIDE ABSORPTION BY POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE ABSORBENT","authors":"F. Huda, Nuril Qomariyah, K. Udyani","doi":"10.20527/k.v11i2.14158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20527/k.v11i2.14158","url":null,"abstract":"Absorpsi merupakan salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk memisahkan gas CO2 dalam suatu campuran gas. CO2 perlu dihilangkan karena akan menganggu suatu proses pabrik dan dapat menyebabkan polusi udara.  Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk memperoleh desain kolom absorber tipe packed tower dan mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi dan laju alir absorben KOH terhadap removal CO2. Tahap pertama yang dilakukan yaitu menentukan desain kolom pada kondisi laju alir CO2 2 L/menit dengan laju alir absorben KOH 0,1N 2 L/menit. Uji kinerja absorber dilakukan dengan variasi laju alir absorben 1 L/menit; 1,25 L/menit; 1,5 L/menit; 1,75 L/menit; dan 2 L/menit pada konsentrasi KOH 0,1 N; 0;3 N; dan 0,5 N. Berdasarkan analisa asidi-alkalimetri diperoleh removal CO2 tertinggi mencapai 95,743% pada laju alir absorben KOH 0,5N sebesar 2 L/menit, pada kolom absorber dengan diameter 5,96 cm dengan tinggi kolom 84,5 cm menggunakan ceramic-rasching ring 13 mm yang diisikan mencapai ketinggian 83,5 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan laju alir volumetrik dan konsentrasi KOH sebagai absorben menyebabkan nilai removal CO2 semakin besar.","PeriodicalId":32236,"journal":{"name":"Konversi","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78486356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}