Food Quality and Preference最新文献

{"title":"What differentiates the choice of certain foods? An exploratory analysis of food choice patterns among couples from the dyadic NutriAct Family Cohort in relation to social and health-associated determinants","authors":"Nadja-Raphaela Baer ,&nbsp;Liane Schenk ,&nbsp;Manuela M. Bergmann ,&nbsp;Johannes Deutschbein ,&nbsp;Sven Knüppel ,&nbsp;Daniela Nickel ,&nbsp;Jan C. Zoellick","doi":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105354","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105354","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food choices determine the intake of nutrients and energy for bodily processes and play a vital role for the health and wellbeing of individuals. However, the choice of what and how an individual eats is shaped largely by socialisation within the family of origin as well as later socialisation contexts, e.g., through biographical transitions or romantic relationships. Nonetheless, food choices have been analysed primarily as largely individualised practices. We performed principal component analyses on self-reported data on food consumption from 803 individuals (<em>M</em> = 64 years old; 50 % female) nested in 402 couples recruited within the NutriAct Family Study to explore food choice patterns. We exploratively derived four distinct patterns representing (1) plant-based, (2) processed animal-based, (3) low-fat, and (4) high-sugar sweet tooth food choices, which were loosely correlated (0.04 ≤ |<em>r</em>| ≤ 0.16). On an inter-couple level we found gender differences with men adhering more to the processed animal-based diet (<em>t</em>(756) = 10.17, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>d</em> = 0.72) and women more to the plant-based (<em>t</em>(800) = −3.70, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>d</em> = −0.26) and low-fat patterns (<em>t</em>(800) = −2.65, <em>p</em> = 0.008, <em>d</em> = −0.19). Additionally, as the number of retirees within a couple increased, so did the similarity between the partners in their overall food choice (<em>F</em>(2799) = 8.15, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001, <em>η</em> = 0.02). The couple level explained more variance in the food choice patterns than the individual level across all four patterns (0.62 ≤ ICC1 ≤ 0.78). We thus conclude that socialisation in couples plays a central role in shaping food choices, more so than prevalent gender roles or individual practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":322,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Preference","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105354"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental norms and attitudes in Relation to Children’s sugar consumption − A mediation analysis of the “Are You Too Sweet?” intervention study","authors":"Sidse Marie Sidenius Bestle ,&nbsp;Ellen Trolle ,&nbsp;Anja Pia Biltoft-Jensen ,&nbsp;Bodil Just Christensen ,&nbsp;Jeppe Matthiessen ,&nbsp;Anders Stockmarr ,&nbsp;Anne Dahl Lassen","doi":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105353","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105353","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parental influence on children’s dietary behaviour makes parents an obvious target for prevention strategies with nutritional foci. Mediation analysis is considered a valuable tool for understanding the underlying mechanisms of influence in intervention studies aimed at implementing behaviour change strategies.</div><div>The present study used data from the multi-component cluster-randomised intervention “Are You Too Sweet?” with 153 Danish children (5–7 years) to explore mediating effects and role of parental determinants on added sugar intake in children.</div><div>A pre-and post-intervention questionnaire evaluated parental knowledge, practices, self-efficacy, norms, and attitudes. Children’s dietary intake was estimated from a seven-day dietary record. Associations between children’s added sugar intake and parental responses and changes in responses following the intervention were evaluated using linear mixed models. Exploring potential behaviour change pathways of the intervention was done using mediation analyses.</div><div>Children’s reduction in added sugar consumption was partly mediated by changes in parental norms and attitudes regarding limiting sugar-rich foods and drinks to special occasions. Parental knowledge of guidelines on the intake of sugar-rich discretionary foods and drinks increased as an intervention effect but did not demonstrate a mediating effect. No significant changes or mediating effects were found in parental self-efficacy or practices.</div><div>The findings highlight parental norms and attitudes regarding restricting sugar-rich foods and drinks to special occasions as modifiable and a mediator for reducing added sugar intake in the “Are You Too Sweet?” intervention study.</div><div><strong>Trial registration:</strong> Retrospectively registered at ISRCTN: ISRCTN10409779.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":322,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Preference","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105353"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142573569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of olfactory priming on mental representations of food concepts and subsequent food choice","authors":"Xinmeng Yang ,&nbsp;Sanne Boesveldt ,&nbsp;Elizabeth H. Zandstra","doi":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105351","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105351","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research suggests that food odors act as a prime and influence food choice outside of awareness. Little is known about how odors prime (healthy) food choices. We hypothesized that odors could activate mental representations of food concepts, interacting with cognitive processes underlying food decision-making. We tested this by examining which concepts (healthy, sensory, or product-specific) are activated by odors and how this impacts subsequent food choices. In a between-subjects design, 112 participants were divided into three conditions: healthy odor (apple or banana), unhealthy odor (chocolate or caramel), and non-odor (control). Participants were exposed to one condition for 5 min and then completed a lexical decision task and a screen-based food choice task. The lexical decision task included four word categories: healthy-related, sensory-related, neutral words, and non-words. Reaction times were recorded and computed for each category. Participants were asked to choose one food they wanted to eat from four (in-)congruent food word options and repeated it four times (one for each odor). Results showed participants responded slower to non-words than other words, and slower to healthy and sensory words than neutral words. However, odor exposure did not influence reaction times, nor did the interaction between odor condition and word category affect reaction times. Participants were more likely to choose unhealthy foods regardless of odor exposure. Thus, ambient sweet odors did not prime food-related information or choice. We recommend additional testing using a broader range of odors and word categories to fully validate the association of an odor with a concept.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":322,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Preference","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105351"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal welfare has priority: Swiss consumers’ preferences for animal welfare, greenhouse gas reductions and other sustainability improvements in dairy products","authors":"Sebastian Richter ,&nbsp;Hanna Stolz ,&nbsp;Adan L. Martinez-Cruz ,&nbsp;Aya Kachi","doi":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105350","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105350","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Animal welfare is at the forefront of the debate on sustainable food systems. However, animal welfare improvements often imply higher costs for producers. We explored whether Swiss consumers are willing to contribute monetarily to such improvements through an increase in prices of butter or milk. Based on a discrete choice experiment with 986 Swiss consumers, we investigated preferences for two animal welfare improvements in the dairy industry – loose housing and farm killing – as well as for organic production, origin of product, and greenhouse gas (GHG) reductions. Furthermore, we investigated how consumers perceive a potential conflict between GHG reductions and animal welfare concerns. Half of our sample faced increases in milk prices; the other half faced increases in butter prices. Findings indicate that animal welfare is of higher importance to consumers when compared to the other attributes under analysis. Consumers oppose GHG reductions associated with deteriorations in animal welfare and are willing to pay for improvements in housing conditions and a less stressful killing of the animals. Improvements in animal welfare could be crucial for dairy industry actors and provide strong arguments in communicating benefits of dairy products to consumers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":322,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Preference","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105350"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142586485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can children and artificial intelligence be sources of ideas for school meal preparations based on whole food utilization?","authors":"Fabrício Goulart ,&nbsp;Voltaire Sant’Anna ,&nbsp;Valérie L. Almli ,&nbsp;Gabriel Tolotti Maschio","doi":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105349","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105349","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Involving children in creation of school meals is important to engage them on healthy and sustainable eating habits, and the whole food utilization is a way to avoid food waste and increase the consumption of nutrients. Also, artificial intelligence (AI) has shown to be an interesting source of new ideas but has not been used for designing children’s meals. The aims of the work were to evaluate the potential of school meals either co-designed by children or generated with AI, and to explore parents’ perception towards the utilization of whole food in their children’s meal. Children, with the potential support of their parents, proposed recipes with whole fruit/vegetable utilization, and a selection among the suggestions was conducted by nutritionists and the school cooks. The selected meal was compared to a similar recipe from ChatGPT generated from a simple prompt with regard to their acceptance and emotions evoked. The two dishes were variations of carrot pie recipes including vegetable peel and were both prepared by experienced school cooks. A third recipe proposed by the school’s cooks was used as comparison. Parents’ perceptions towards whole food utilization to their children were elicited by sentence completion methodology. Results showed that children liked both their and the cooks’ recipes but rejected ChatGPT’s recipe. Both cooks’ and children’s carrot pies evoked positive emoji pairs, meanwhile ChatGPT’s carrot pie was associated to emojis of negative connotation. Texture and unfamiliar taste were cited to justify the rejection. For parents, the utilization of whole fruits/vegetable in children’s meals is perceived as a good and nutritious idea, but safety concerns were revealed. This work demonstrates co-design with school children and whole food utilization as actionable strategies towards reducing waste of nutritious resources. Moreover, the study reports an unsuccessful exploratory usage of ChatGPT through a task-focused prompt. This may suggest the importance of specifying the context of the task when prompting an AI, to compensate for contextual information that is implicitly available to humans. Concerns about safety aspects should be addressed to ensure parents’ support for whole vegetable utilization in school meals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":322,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Preference","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105349"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A quantitative equation for umami evaluation of food and condiments based on the Weber-Fechner law","authors":"Yijian Wang ,&nbsp;Shiwen Wan ,&nbsp;Sheng Pan ,&nbsp;Peng Luan ,&nbsp;Xiaoxu Cen ,&nbsp;Guangquan Sun ,&nbsp;Yaoze Feng ,&nbsp;Ming Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105347","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105347","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here, a quantitative equation for Overall Umami Strength (OUS) in foods and condiments, based on sensory evaluation, was defined using the Weber-Fechner law. Sensory evaluation was conducted utilizing objective questions grounded in triangulation tests and paired comparisons to accurately determine the absolute and difference thresholds for monosodium glutamate (MSG). These thresholds were employed to define various levels of umami strength, which facilitated the creation of an umami sensory difference strength curve. Subsequently, the OUS equation was constructed through a well-fitting function, represented as “<span><math><mrow><mi>OUS</mi><mspace></mspace><mo>=</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>9.6828</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>×</mo><mspace></mspace><msub><mi>log</mi><mn>10</mn></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>C</mi><mrow><mi>MSG</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mspace></mspace><mo>+</mo><mspace></mspace><mn>34.8</mn></mrow></math></span>” (<em>R</em>² = 0.996). Once the relative MSG concentration of the sample is determined, it can be converted into the OUS value under the thresholds scale mentioned above for quantification. To validate this quantitative equation, multiple samples, including fish, mushrooms, and soy sauce, were evaluated using the paired comparison test to obtain relative MSG concentration. The OUS value calculated by relative MSG concentration was compared with the existing method to verify its correctness and effectiveness. The results demonstrate that both foods and condiments, even from different species origins, can be reliably quantified for overall umami intensity using the proposed sensory quantitative equation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":322,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Preference","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105347"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What role do attitudes, information and taste play in consumer preferences and willingness to pay for domestic alternatives to exotic superfoods?","authors":"Birgit Gassler ,&nbsp;Ramona Teuber","doi":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105342","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105342","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Superfoods are a recent health-oriented food trend, especially among younger consumers. The most well-known superfoods, such as quinoa or goji berries, are considered exotic foods, at least for the European market. This contradicts another food trend: the movement towards regional or local foods. As little is known about how consumers evaluate this trade-off when consuming superfoods, we investigate i) consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay (WTP) for domestic and exotic superfood ingredients; and ii) factors determining a higher WTP for domestic superfood alternatives. To this end, we conducted a three-step Vickrey auction of fruit smoothies with exotic and domestic superfood ingredients. A total of 116 individuals participated in the within-subjects experiment, which included an information treatment, tastings and a sensory evaluation. In general, participants perceived superfoods as a healthy but expensive food trend potentially harmful to the environment. Moreover, participants were eager to try the exotic smoothie, but agreed more strongly with statements endorsing the positive health benefits and good taste of the domestic smoothie. In general, we found a higher WTP for the domestic smoothie, which was reinforced by providing information about the origin of the fruits. After tasting, the WTP a premium for the domestic smoothie was driven by differences in sensory evaluations, but no longer by product perceptions and food neophobia. This indicates that food neophobia is related to taste uncertainty, which was resolved by the tasting. We discuss practical implications for fruit growers and processors marketing products containing novel and familiar superfood ingredients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":322,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Preference","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105342"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The shape of freshness: The effect of a circular logo on consumers’ perceived food freshness","authors":"Xueting Gong ,&nbsp;Jiuqi Chen ,&nbsp;Peixuan Wu ,&nbsp;Yushi Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105346","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105346","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Food freshness is the key criterion for consumers when buying food, and they rely heavily on visual cues to assess this. Food logos are a vital component of the visual cues on food packaging. However, there has been little empirical research on the effect of food logos on the perceived freshness of foods. We aimed to fill this gap by focusing on logo shape and examining its impact on perceived freshness. We conducted three studies demonstrating that circular (vs. angular) logos lead to higher perceived food freshness, with the underlying explanatory mechanism being perceived logo dynamism. We examined this effect’s downstream impact (purchase intention and discard intention) and boundary (freshness information: salient vs. control). Our findings contribute to the literature on food marketing and sustainable design and offer practical advice when designing food brand logos.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":322,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Preference","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105346"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement and evaluation of participant response consistency in Case 1 Best-Worst-Scaling (BWS) in food consumer science","authors":"Fabien Llobell ,&nbsp;Paulin Choisy ,&nbsp;Sok L. Chheang ,&nbsp;Sara R. Jaeger","doi":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105335","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105335","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Best-Worst Scaling (BWS) is well suited to survey research, and since this way of collecting data is gaining popularity, it is likely that applications of BWS, especially online, will increase. Despite the many advantages of online surveys, there is a growing awareness that particular attention needs to be given to data quality including the identification and elimination of ’bad respondents’. <em>Post hoc</em> data cleaning is the focus of the present research, which in the context of Case 1 BWS (object case) was directed to two indices of participant response consistency – root likelihood (RLH) and normalised error variance (ErrVarNorm), where the latter was newly developed. Across 18 studies in food consumer science, the two indices are applied, compared and evaluated. It is possible to apply both indices to the data, but if only a single index is to be used, the ErrVarNorm index is recommended because it is easy to calculate, directly measures response consistency and is logically coherent. ErrVarNorm ranges from 0 to 1, where higher values indicate greater response consistency. When excluding participants based on ErrVarNorm &lt; 0.3, between 0 % and 12.4 % of participants were excluded (mean = 5.75 %), while ErrVarNorm &lt; 0.5 led to between 0 % and 23.8 % of participants being excluded (mean = 13.1 %). Excluded participants were more likely to be men and below the age of 45 years old. The impact on study conclusions when excluding participants based on ErrVarNorm &lt; 0.5 were illustrated for three studies in support of the importance of data cleaning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":322,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Preference","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105335"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community voices: A different approach to study low-income populations in consumer research","authors":"Carlos Gómez-Corona ,&nbsp;Mette Schleiss ,&nbsp;Rafael Barroso ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Richard Schmoyer ,&nbsp;Jerome Jallat ,&nbsp;Maureen Ravily","doi":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105339","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.foodqual.2024.105339","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vulnerable consumers can be defined as individuals facing a disadvantage, where the origin of that disadvantage is usually beyond their control and stems from multiple sources and circumstances. The impact of consumer vulnerability extends to billions of individuals, one of its major circumstances is poverty, or low-income consumers. An estimated 2.4 billion of persons are considered low-income, and yet it is not a common research objective in scientific publications. Our objective is to bring a social approach to study low-income populations called Community Voices, where we partner with local NGO’s to better recruit, perform fieldwork, and return valuable insights to the low-income populations. In our research, three studies were conducted to understand the impact of studying low-income populations. Study 1 focus on comparing the effect of fieldwork environment: impersonal face-to-face interviews versus Community voices approach (N160 per study), Study 2 focus in studying the effect of income differences in participants (low versus high-income, N120 per study), and the effect of type of fieldwork in low-income consumers (online versus face-to-face, N120 per study). The results of study 1 showed significant differences in liking across conditions, study 2 showed significant differences in liking and product perception, but not in emotions. Study 3 showed significant differences in uses and habits towards food choice of plant-based products. Overall, our findings suggest that to study low-income populations, the researcher cannot generalize the results of other populations (e.g., high-income) to lower income populations, and con not use standard methodologies and expect the same results.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":322,"journal":{"name":"Food Quality and Preference","volume":"123 ","pages":"Article 105339"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142427549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}