Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)最新文献_第4页

To (or not to) intervene: social constructivist approach to US humanitarian intervention in Libya and non-intervention in Syria 干预(或不干预):美国人道主义干预利比亚和不干预叙利亚的社会建构主义视角

Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) Pub Date : 2022-07-10 DOI: 10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.13

Munawar Hussain, Taimur Khan, Shabir Mohsin Hashmi

{"title":"To (or not to) intervene: social constructivist approach to US humanitarian intervention in Libya and non-intervention in Syria","authors":"Munawar Hussain, Taimur Khan, Shabir Mohsin Hashmi","doi":"10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"The significant development in international relations after 1991 and the end of the Cold War is humanitarian intervention. It symbolizes the self-driven evolution of a state's normative structure and conducts in the global system. Theoretical framework, which educates us about the structure and actors of the international system, has been used by international relations experts to attempt to provide an explanation. As a theory of international relations, social constructivism does an excellent job of describing and explaining the phenomenon of humanitarian intervention in world politics. To comprehend humanitarian interventions, this study first grasps how nations' changing interests impact their conduct when intervening in humanitarian causes. It provides information about US engagement in the situations of Libya and Syria. Although the two situations were of a similar type, the US's reasons for intervening were very different. The same is true for the responses of the global community, which varied as a result of various identities and interests. For instance, we see Russia actively opposing US influence in Syria and responding only lukewarmly to US influence in Libya. Why do they behave differently? Constructivists hold that identity influences a state's interests and can also change perception, which results in altered behaviour","PeriodicalId":321577,"journal":{"name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126192467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Causes and factors responsible for Operation Zarb-e-Azb: perspective of internally displaced persons of North Waziristan, Pakistan 造成Zarb-e-Azb行动的原因和因素:巴基斯坦北瓦济里斯坦境内流离失所者的观点

Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) Pub Date : 2022-07-09 DOI: 10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.12

I. U. Khan, Alamgir Khan, Asif Ullah

{"title":"Causes and factors responsible for Operation Zarb-e-Azb: perspective of internally displaced persons of North Waziristan, Pakistan","authors":"I. U. Khan, Alamgir Khan, Asif Ullah","doi":"10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"After 9/11 incident, the US and NATO forces entered Afghanistan to defeat Al-Qaida and its affiliated militant group–Taliban. The NATO forces invasion pushed militants from Afghanistan to take refuge in nearby places. Due to close proximity and vulnerable borders, many of these militants entered Pakistan’s erstwhile Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA), which resulted in the growth of militancy and extremism in the region. Pakistan launched a series of operations to counter terrorism and its facilitators. Operation Zarb-e-Azb was the continuation of those operations, started as a last vengeance in North Waziristan Agency with the aim to evacuate common people and then to extinguish militants. Resultantly, operation started in the mid of June, 2014 and the people of North Waziristan Agency started migration to the adjacent areas i.e., Bannu, Lakki Marwat and Karak etc. with worries and miseries in their hearts. Operation Zarb-e-Azb has been discussed in the literature. However, the perspective of IDPs has been overlooked. The study is descriptive-exploratory which is accomplished on a mixed study approach. This research article aimed to assess the perception of IDPs camped in Lakki Marwat from 2014-17 regarding the operation's causes and factors and the problems IDPs faced during displacement.","PeriodicalId":321577,"journal":{"name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128077042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Defining and understanding the notion of creativity in business: an employee perspective from sales industry in Dubai, UAE 定义和理解商业创造力的概念:来自阿联酋迪拜销售行业的员工视角

Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.11

Noor Un Nisa, Pamela Mae V. Callanga, M. N. Baloch

{"title":"Defining and understanding the notion of creativity in business: an employee perspective from sales industry in Dubai, UAE","authors":"Noor Un Nisa, Pamela Mae V. Callanga, M. N. Baloch","doi":"10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"This paper looks at the value and benefits of creativity in the workplace, with insights from a participant who runs a start-up hair product company. By doing a case study on a specific firm, the goal of this paper is to acquire a comprehensive understanding of what creativity is and its vital application or impact in management. It also analysed the importance of creativity at an organizational and individual level using data gathered from a sales manager from Dubai Duty Free Airport, UAE. This study utilised qualitative case study method to collect data to fulfil the aim of having in-depth knowledge of the concept as well as to examine the significance and effect of creativity at an organizational level. The researchers gathered the primary data through an in-depth interview with the participant. The thematic content analysis method is utilised to analyse the obtained data. This study concludes that creativity is applied to create value for customers. As mentioned by the interviewee, a personalized approach should be considered for every customer to ensure that their specified needs are achieved.","PeriodicalId":321577,"journal":{"name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132672229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Securitizing the Pakistan-Afghanistan Borderland: impacts on the Ahmadzai Wazirs 巴基斯坦-阿富汗边境的安全:对艾哈迈德扎伊瓦济尔的影响

Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) Pub Date : 2022-07-07 DOI: 10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.10

Hafeez Ullah, S. Aman, M. Zubair

{"title":"Securitizing the Pakistan-Afghanistan Borderland: impacts on the Ahmadzai Wazirs","authors":"Hafeez Ullah, S. Aman, M. Zubair","doi":"10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"Taking ‘Ahmadzai Wazirs’ of erstwhile FATA, Pakistan as a case study, this research attempts to explore the impacts of the securitization discourse and border fencing on the socio-cultural lives of the tribesmen who have lived for centuries in the Pakistan and Afghanistan borderland area. This is done by focusing on the perceptions which Ahmadzai Wazir tribes have on the state’s securitization and border fencing narrative, and the resultant impacts on them. In the wake of the policy maker’s decision to fence the border, this paper investigates the perception of the border community about the ongoing border fencing project and the ways in which the border landers defy the territorial notion of state sovereignty. We thus try to engage this comparatively newer theoretical framework, the borderland theory to investigate perceptions of the local people as a distinct cross-border community in order to investigate the notion of security from the perspective of the people on the borderland. The theory allows us to see borderland as a distinct entity as opposed to the hitherto dominant state-centred approach of looking at the border region as state peripheries. A mixed research method was employed to get primary and secondary data and draw analysis.","PeriodicalId":321577,"journal":{"name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122640902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Necessitating the determination of the legal status of Afghans in Pakistan: an analysis 必须确定阿富汗人在巴基斯坦的法律地位:分析

Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) Pub Date : 2022-07-06 DOI: 10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.9

Humna Sohail, A. Abbasi, Amjid Khan

{"title":"Necessitating the determination of the legal status of Afghans in Pakistan: an analysis","authors":"Humna Sohail, A. Abbasi, Amjid Khan","doi":"10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Afghan soil due to its strategic and geopolitical significance has witnessed numerous political turmoils creating an effective governance vacuum and transnational interferences costing the fate of the Afghan population. Massive Afghan movements were directed to Pakistan and Iran with the hope of evading the bitterness of traumatized living conditions in the native state. Only the situation of Afghans that Pakistan is housing is within the scope of the present study. This study aims to highlight the significance attached to the status determination of said community that has attracted little attention. Without an explicit and clear policy toward Afghans in Pakistan, uncertainty looms over their potential fate. Until and unless a certain status is accorded to them and they are brought into a certain legal net, they will continue to be employed as tools by the political actors. With underpinning the need to adopt a clear policy vis-à-vis the status of said Afghans the study finds that it will equally benefit Pakistan. The study opens room for future doctrinal legal research as to what are the potential legal classes these Afghans may belong to.","PeriodicalId":321577,"journal":{"name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127117026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Indo-US civilian nuclear deal: challenges and options for Pakistan 印美民用核协议:巴基斯坦面临的挑战和选择

Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) Pub Date : 2022-07-05 DOI: 10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.8

Ahmad Ali, Javeria Noor Sawal, Noor Fatima

{"title":"Indo-US civilian nuclear deal: challenges and options for Pakistan","authors":"Ahmad Ali, Javeria Noor Sawal, Noor Fatima","doi":"10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The strategic cooperation in terms of the Civilian Nuclear Deal between India and the US has facilitated both the states in terms of supply of nuclear energy, advancement in technology, regional nuclear symmetry, energy crisis, military arsenals and the development in the economic sector. With some mutually agreed terms under the instrument, India agreed to allow the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to keep a check and have access to India's civilian nuclear program. Moreover, the US will be allowed to build its companies of nuclear reactors in India, whereas India also promised to place all future thermal reactors under the supervision of the IAEA. Furthermore, the deal benefitted both India and the US on one side, while on the other side, it adversely affected Pakistan and disrupted the balance of power in South Asia. This article explores the drastic challenges that Pakistan faces and affects its nuclear status in the region. The method used for the research is qualitative, and data is analysed from secondary sources. Moreover, the study's objective attempts to interpret multiple options that could help the stakeholders overcome the challenges and restore the balance of power in the South Asian region.","PeriodicalId":321577,"journal":{"name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114999887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Transformation of Pakistan’s nuclear posture from minimum credible to full spectrum deterrence 将巴基斯坦的核态势从最低限度可信转变为全方位威慑

Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) Pub Date : 2022-07-04 DOI: 10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.7

A. Karim, Amna Mahmood, Muhammad Wajeeh Shahrukh, Abdul Jabbar

{"title":"Transformation of Pakistan’s nuclear posture from minimum credible to full spectrum deterrence","authors":"A. Karim, Amna Mahmood, Muhammad Wajeeh Shahrukh, Abdul Jabbar","doi":"10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.7","url":null,"abstract":"After becoming a nuclear power in 1998, Pakistan pursued a policy of Minimum Credible Deterrence. The country transformed its policy from Credible Minimum to Full Spectrum Deterrence (FSD) in 2013. It is important to understand the reasons for this change. The study addressed questions: What were the factors which pressed Pakistan towards the transformation of its nuclear posture? Keeping in view FSD, is there any development in the nuclear force structure of Pakistan? How far FSD would ensure the credibility of the deterrent value of Pakistan’s nuclear forces? Transformation in the nuclear posture of Pakistan would be studied under the Theory of Nuclear Deterrence, which postulates that the sole purpose of a nuclear weapon is to stop an adversary from taking aggressive moves. The paper is aimed at evaluating the impact of the change in Pakistan’s nuclear posture on the overall strategic environment of South Asia. The study gives an objective analysis of the impact of FSD on Indo-Pak strategic interaction. The study concludes that FSD has successfully deterred the Indian Cold Start Doctrine (CSD) but remained unsuccessful in ensuring strategic stability. With the “New Normal,” India will continue to utilise its conventional superiority in its favour.","PeriodicalId":321577,"journal":{"name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122148986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deconstructing Hermann Hesse’s Narcissus and Goldmund with a cross-cultural lens 从跨文化视角解构赫尔曼·黑塞的《水仙与戈德蒙》

Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) Pub Date : 2022-07-03 DOI: 10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.6

Faizullah Jan, S. Ashraf, Azmat Khan

{"title":"Deconstructing Hermann Hesse’s Narcissus and Goldmund with a cross-cultural lens","authors":"Faizullah Jan, S. Ashraf, Azmat Khan","doi":"10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a qualitative thematic analysis of Hermann Hesse’s novel Narcissus and Goldmund with a cross-cultural theory framework, buttressed with concepts from Jungian psychology. The novel narrates the story of two medieval priests who are the exact opposite of but emotionally attached to each other. The paper demonstrates how various cultural themes that Hesse has engaged can shed light on the ways Western and Eastern societies make sense of the Self, the Other, and the everyday existential dilemmas. Based on Jungian psychology, we argue that Narcissus and Goldmund are not two distinct characters; instead, they are two aspects of the Self. The social construction of these two characters is the symbolic representation of the struggle to attain the deeper meanings of the Self. This struggle, what Jung called individuation, is the journey of the human soul into its own deepest spheres. Moreover, we note that the matrix of Hesse’s thought is the European interest in the Orient. Narcissus and Goldmund represent the anima and animus or the Yin and Yang of the conflict of self-realization. We conclude that a synthesis of Eastern and Western philosophies can offer both a fertile avenue and a rich toolkit for seeking deeper self-knowledge.","PeriodicalId":321577,"journal":{"name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127059493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An investigative study on the confessional statement and its impact on criminal trial in Pakistan 巴基斯坦刑事审判中口供及其影响的调查研究

Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) Pub Date : 2022-07-02 DOI: 10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.5

Ilahi Buksh, M. Ramzan, K. Javed

{"title":"An investigative study on the confessional statement and its impact on criminal trial in Pakistan","authors":"Ilahi Buksh, M. Ramzan, K. Javed","doi":"10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"The role of confession by the accused person has an important place in the judicial structure of Pakistan. The courts evaluate the admissibility of the confessional statement and apply their judicial mind with free consent. The legal framework of Pakistan including QSO 1984, and Cr. P. C 1898 provides basic law and procedure to record a confession in the criminal justice system. However, the accused is not being dealt with fairly while recording confessions at the pre-trial and trial stage. Usually, police use undue influence to record a confessional statement. The procedures adopted for the recording of confession during the pendency of the trial. The current study has evaluated the values and norms of recording confessional statements. This research paper adopted the doctrinal research methodology to achieve the objectives. In addition, it also argues for the acceptability of the confession of co-accused in the criminal justice system. Moreover, this research evaluates the validity of a confessional statement in the justice process in Pakistan. Lastly, this research discusses the executable references regarding the recording of confession at all stages and its value in the eyes of law to uphold justice and avoid the unjust.","PeriodicalId":321577,"journal":{"name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128860790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploration of the foundations of ethnic conflicts in Baluchistan: a theoretical perspective 从理论角度探讨俾路支省种族冲突的根源

Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ) Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.4

Muhammad Ejaz, Abdur Rehman

{"title":"Exploration of the foundations of ethnic conflicts in Baluchistan: a theoretical perspective","authors":"Muhammad Ejaz, Abdur Rehman","doi":"10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47264/idea.lassij/6.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study is to understand the foundations of the violent ethnic conflicts of Baluchistan, a federating unit of Pakistan so that the primary causes of the conflict are to be addressed. The mainstream theories of the ethnic conflicts primordialism, instrumentalism and constructivism are reviewed and applied in the context of Baluchistan. This attempt has been made because in the past state responded to ethnic conflicts without understanding the real foundations. The qualitative research methodology with descriptive and interpretive approaches has been adopted for dealing with the objectives. The article is principally based on the literature review. The arguments have been developed by juxtaposing the primary and secondary information collected through books, journals, periodicals, and electronic sources. It is argued, that primordialism has limited explanatory power while constructivism has explanatory power, but its appeal is limited in Baluchistan’s context. Instrumentalism explains the foundations sufficiently, while primordialism and constructivism provide the bases for instrumentalism. It is suggested that compromise and reconciliations should be adopted as the policy for ethnic conflicts so that the political and economic causes, instrumental in giving rise to ethnic conflicts, can be resolved.","PeriodicalId":321577,"journal":{"name":"Liberal Arts and Social Sciences International Journal (LASSIJ)","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114511391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2