Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues最新文献_第2页

A guide to practical babooning: Historical, social, and cognitive contingency 实用狒狒指南:历史、社会和认知偶然性

Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues Pub Date : 2009-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/EVAN.20210

L. Barrett

{"title":"A guide to practical babooning: Historical, social, and cognitive contingency","authors":"L. Barrett","doi":"10.1002/EVAN.20210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EVAN.20210","url":null,"abstract":"As ecologically adaptable animals, baboons are distributed widely across Africa, and display a variety of morphological and behavioral differences that reflect both local ecology and a complex evolutionary history. As long‐lived, slowly reproducing animals, baboons face numerous ecological challenges to survival and successful reproduction. As group‐living animals, the social world presents an equally diverse array of challenges that require the negotiation of individual needs within the constraints imposed by others. Understanding how all these facets of baboon evolutionary history, life history, ecology, sociality, and cognition fit together is an enormous but engaging challenge, and despite one hundred years of study, it is clear there is a still much to learn about the various natural histories of baboons. What also is clear, however, is that an appreciation of contingency holds the key to understanding all these facets of baboon evolution and behavior. In what follows, I hope to illustrate exactly what I mean by this, highlighting along the way that history is not to be ignored, variability is information and not merely “noise”, and that behavioral and cognitive complexity can be two very different things.","PeriodicalId":321397,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127200788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 29

A perspective on primatology 灵长类动物学的观点

Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues Pub Date : 2009-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/evan.20206

J. Fleagle

引用次数: 0

Paleoanthropology 2009: The Chicago Meetings 古人类学2009:芝加哥会议

Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues Pub Date : 2009-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/EVAN.20213

K. Baab

引用次数: 0

Going on an antedate 去约会

Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues Pub Date : 2007-11-01 DOI: 10.1002/EVAN.20151

K. Weiss, J. A. Kurland

{"title":"Going on an antedate","authors":"K. Weiss, J. A. Kurland","doi":"10.1002/EVAN.20151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EVAN.20151","url":null,"abstract":"In the mid-1700s, the English language was rather out of control. In the absence of a satisfactory reference, word meanings were unclear. Even Shakespeare had already become somewhat obscure to most readers. So the intellectual-abouttown, Samuel Johnson, convinced investors that an English dictionary based on improved principles would be commercially successful. Existing dictionaries were based on ‘‘a genealogy of sentiments,’’ as author had copied author over time. Instead, Johnson argued for an approach that reflected ‘‘intellectual history,’’ a term he appears to have coined (Fig. 1). Appearing in 1755, ‘‘Johnson’s’’ became the standard dictionary for about a century. He showed a word’s evolving meaning by using historical examples of its usage. In science as well as literature, meaning can become blurred over time. Perhaps even more problematic and harder to trace than word definitions are changes in concepts. An interesting example is the HardyWeinberg principle (HW). After teaching the essentials of Darwinian evolution, Mendelian inheritance, molecular biology, and speciation, students are routinely introduced to HW. We teach it as a stable genetic baseline, the HW equilibrium, deviation from which leads to the changes that define evolution. However, since it will be on the test, many students (even those who are awake) see HW only as an algebraic threat to their grade-point average. As one student griped, ‘‘Let me get this straight. When nothing happens . . . nothing changes? Duh.’’ Over decades of textbooks, HW appears to be taught largely because it always has been taught. It’s part of our pedagogic heritage, but its meaning and rationale have become hidden in the dusty volumes of past journal articles. It seems unthinkable to omit it. But why? To see that, we have to go back to the origin of modern genetics.","PeriodicalId":321397,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117575852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The Scopes Trial 范围审判

Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues Pub Date : 2007-07-01 DOI: 10.1002/evan.20144

K. Weiss

{"title":"The Scopes Trial","authors":"K. Weiss","doi":"10.1002/evan.20144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.20144","url":null,"abstract":"In 1925, the Dayton businessmen were not happy. Nothing ever happened in their sleepy town of less than 2,000 souls. They wondered what they could do to get a little action or maybe even a little notoriety, and the money that came with it. Earlier in the year, the state legislature had passed a new law called the Butler Act; the townsmen seized an opportunity to turn the law intomanna fromheaven. The Butler Act, passed by the Tennessee legislature, stated ‘‘That it shall be unlawful for any teacher in any of the Universities, Normals and all other public schools of the State which are supported in whole or in part by the public school funds of the State, to teach any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals.’’ The stage was set for a real crowd pleaser! In 1924, the young John T. Scopes (1900–1970; Fig. 1), a freshly minted law major from the University of Kentucky, was hired as football coach and physical science teacher at the Rhea County, Tennessee, high school. In his first year, he also briefly taught biology as a substitute when the regular biology teacher was ill. The following summer, Scopes stayed in Dayton rather than leaving town because a local girl had caught his eye. So he was around, playing tennis one afternoon, when he was approached by the town businessmen who wanted to bring some lively action to Dayton. Still perspiring, he walked down to Robinson’s drugstore to meet them. What they wanted to know was whether he thought that biology could be taught without including evolution. Scopes said no. He had readDarwin as a child, and ‘‘thought Darwin was right. It was the only plausible explanation of man’s long and tortuous journey to his present physical and mental development.’’ He acknowledged that his subbing stint had included some review of biology, using the class textbook, Hunter’s Civic Biology, which included discussions of evolution. By teaching this material, the instigators said, Scopes was clearly in violation of the new anti-evolution law. Would he be willing to stand trial to test the law? He agreed, though he couldn’t remember whether he had actually taught the evolution sections of Hunter (Fig. 2). They put ‘‘the Professor’’ on trial for this offense, which carried a fine of between $100 and $500. To make the most of the occasion, they brought in a celebrity prosecutor who had been a leader in the struggle of religion against evolution, the former Presidential candidate and Secretary of State, William Jennings Bryan (Fig. 3). That would ensure a conviction and would attract national media attention as well. In defending Scopes, the American Civil Liberties Union brought in a celebrity of their own, Clarence Darrow (Fig. 3), probably the most famous lawyer of his age, a fighter for enlightened but unpopular causes, and already a known Bryan antagonist. As everyone Figure 1. John T. Scopes. From Tompkins","PeriodicalId":321397,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118699791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 18

Counterpoint: Blood‐money 对比:血钱

Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues Pub Date : 2006-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/EVAN.20099

J. Marks, D. Harry

引用次数: 7

Tobias and Taung turn eighty Tobias和Taung都八十岁了

Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues Pub Date : 2006-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/evan.20097

O. Pearson

引用次数: 1

Central questions in the domestication of plants and animals 动植物驯化的核心问题

Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues Pub Date : 2006-05-01 DOI: 10.1002/EVAN.20101

M. Zeder

引用次数: 230

New views on primate origins 关于灵长类起源的新观点

Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues Pub Date : 2005-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/evan.1360010308

M. Cartmill

引用次数: 258

National Institutes of the Environment 国家环境研究所

Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues Pub Date : 2005-06-02 DOI: 10.1002/EVAN.1360010305

S. Hrdy

引用次数: 0