Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues最新文献

{"title":"Richard Erskine Frere Leakey (1944–2022)","authors":"A. Behrensmeyer, T. Cerling, M. Fortelius, Patrick N. Gathogo, S. Harmand, Lawrence Martin, E. Miller, D. Pilbeam, P. Ungar, Bernard A. Wood","doi":"10.1002/evan.21947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21947","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":321397,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123510343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large‐scale cooperation in small‐scale foraging societies","authors":"R. Boyd, P. Richerson","doi":"10.1002/evan.21944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21944","url":null,"abstract":"We present evidence that people in small‐scale mobile hunter‐gatherer societies cooperated in large numbers to produce collective goods. Foragers engaged in large‐scale communal hunts and constructed shared capital facilities; they made shared investments in improving the local environment; and they participated in warfare, formed enduring alliances, and established trading networks. Large‐scale collective action often played a crucial role in subsistence. The provision of public goods involved the cooperation of many individuals, so each person made only a small contribution. This evidence suggests that large‐scale cooperation occurred in the Pleistocene societies that encompass most of human evolutionary history, and therefore it is unlikely that large‐scale cooperation in Holocene food producing societies results from an evolved psychology shaped only in small‐group interactions. Instead, large‐scale human cooperation needs to be explained as an adaptation, likely rooted in distinctive features of human biology, grammatical language, increased cognitive ability, and cumulative cultural adaptation.","PeriodicalId":321397,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115676485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developmental responses to early‐life adversity: Evolutionary and mechanistic perspectives","authors":"Amy Lu, Lauren Petrullo, Sofia C Carrera, Jacob A Feder, India A. Schneider-Crease, Noah Snyder‐Mackler","doi":"10.1002/evan.21791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21791","url":null,"abstract":"Adverse ecological and social conditions during early life are known to influence development, with rippling effects that may explain variation in adult health and fitness. The adaptive function of such developmental plasticity, however, remains relatively untested in long‐lived animals, resulting in much debate over which evolutionary models are most applicable. Furthermore, despite the promise of clinical interventions that might alleviate the health consequences of early‐life adversity, research on the proximate mechanisms governing phenotypic responses to adversity have been largely limited to studies on glucocorticoids. Here, we synthesize the current state of research on developmental plasticity, discussing both ultimate and proximate mechanisms. First, we evaluate the utility of adaptive models proposed to explain developmental responses to early‐life adversity, particularly for long‐lived mammals such as humans. In doing so, we highlight how parent‐offspring conflict complicates our understanding of whether mothers or offspring benefit from these responses. Second, we discuss the role of glucocorticoids and a second physiological system—the gut microbiome—that has emerged as an additional, clinically relevant mechanism by which early‐life adversity can influence development. Finally, we suggest ways in which nonhuman primates can serve as models to study the effects of early‐life adversity, both from evolutionary and clinical perspectives.","PeriodicalId":321397,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122676676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geological collaboration at paleoanthropological sites in Ethiopia's lower Awash Valley","authors":"Christopher J. Campisano","doi":"10.1002/evan.21800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21800","url":null,"abstract":"Alongside recent major advances in the record of early hominin evolution, a new atmosphere of cooperation and collaboration among research teams has presented novel opportunities for understanding the paleoanthropological record at regional scales in eastern Africa. The African Rift Valley Research Consortium (ARVRC) has brought together scientists from many of the active research groups investigating Pliocene and early Pleistocene hominin evolution in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Tanzania to actively collaborate on problems at scales larger than previously attempted. Understanding the broad geological context of hominin evolution in the East African Rift is fundamental to paleoanthropological research but requires investigations that transcend formal permit boundaries and geographic foci. For this reason, geologists collaborating within the ARVRC framework conducted a field workshop in the Afar region of Ethiopia. The U.S. National Science Foundation sponsored “Collaborative Geological Field Review of Paleoanthropological Sites in the Lower Awash Valley, Ethiopia,” from January 2, 2019 to January 12, 2019, based in the Afar town of Mille (Figure 1). The workshop was organized by Chris Campisano (Arizona State University) with support from the project heads and geologists of the Hadar, Dikika, Woranso-Mille, Ledi-Geraru, and Mille-Logya field projects, the Ethiopian Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage (Ministry of Culture and Tourism), and the Afar Regional State Culture and Tourism Bureau.","PeriodicalId":321397,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132476356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Middle/Later Stone Age transition and cultural dynamics of late Pleistocene East Africa","authors":"C. Tryon","doi":"10.1002/evan.21802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21802","url":null,"abstract":"The Middle to Later Stone Age (MSA/LSA) transition is a prominent feature of the African archeological record that began in some places ~30,000–60,000 years ago, historically associated with the origin and/or dispersal of “modern” humans. Unlike the analogous Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in Eurasia and associated Neanderthal extinction, the African MSA/LSA record remains poorly documented, with its potential role in explaining changes in the behavioral diversity and geographic range of Homo sapiens largely unexplored. I review archeological and biogeographic data from East Africa, show regionally diverse pathways to the MSA/LSA transition, and emphasize the need for analytical approaches that document potential ancestor‐descendent relationships visible in the archeological record, needed to assess independent invention, population interaction, dispersal, and other potential mechanisms for behavioral change. Diversity within East Africa underscores the need for regional, rather than continental‐scale narratives of the later evolutionary history of H. sapiens.","PeriodicalId":321397,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130551380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archeological evidence for human dispersals around the Mediterranean basin?","authors":"C. Tryon, Laure Metz","doi":"10.1002/evan.21792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21792","url":null,"abstract":"The Mediterranean basin has long been considered to be an important area for understanding the dispersal of Homo sapiens from Africa to Eurasia. This is particularly the case during the ~40,000–50,000-years-ago window that appears to have led to the establishment of populations in Eurasia equipped with various Upper Paleolithic technologies. Morphological and genetic data from sparse hominin fossils indicate the initial appearance of H. sapiens in western Eurasia north of the Mediterranean Sea during this time, although the reasons for the geographic expansion of our species as well as potential archeological evidence for it remain highly debated. To better understand some of these issues, we hosted a Radcliffe Exploratory Seminar on the Harvard University campus from May 20–21, 2019, entitled Archeological evidence for early human dispersals around the Mediterranean basin that brought together 12 scholars from the US, France, Israel, and the UK. Two Mediterranean sites were the central focus of this meeting: Ksar Akil, outside of Beirut (Lebanon), and Grotte Mandrin, in the middle valley of the Rhône River (France). The site of Ksar Akil remains a key reference sequence for the Middle and Upper Paleolithic of the eastern Mediterranean basin (the Levant). The Peabody Museum of Archeology and Ethnology at Harvard University houses the largest and most complete collection of lithic artifacts from Ksar Akil, >38,000 pieces from 1947 to 1948 seasons across 32 archeological levels that include levels attributed to the Middle Paleolithic, Initial Upper Paleolithic, and Early Upper Paleolithic. Grotte Mandrin also records an important archeological reference succession, for it contains all the phases currently known for the last Neanderthal societies, right up to emergence of the Upper Paleolithic, including the unusual Layer E, attributed to the Neronian and dated to ~50 ka, an artifact industry entirely oriented towards the production of blades, bladelets and standardized light Levallois points. One of us (L. Metz) recently completed a study of projectile technology at both Ksar Akil and Grotte Mandrin. The Ksar Akil collections at the Peabody Museum allowed theoretical discussions among participants to be grounded by direct hands-on analyses of archeological material. Discussions were generally oriented around two problems or questions. First, is there evidence from Ksar Akil for the early use of mechanically assisted projectile technologies such as the atlatl/spearthrower and bow and arrow? If so, do these represent behavioral adaptations that facilitated early human population expansion as some have suggested? Second, as a specific case study in the identification of archeological evidence for human dispersals, are technological similarities between the Initial Upper Paleolithic levels at Ksar Akil and the Neronian level from Grotte Mandrin in the southern Rhone Valley of France sufficient evidence to suggest a direct connection between the regions","PeriodicalId":321397,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125852673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meetings of interest","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/jopr.12975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12975","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":321397,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114959104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Annual Meeting of the European Society for the study of human evolution","authors":"A. W. Kandel, C. C. Bauer, Marlijn L. Noback, Nandini Singh","doi":"10.1002/evan.21318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.21318","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":321397,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124372890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How the Persians were saved by lightning","authors":"Kenneth M. Weiss","doi":"10.1002/EVAN.20215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/EVAN.20215","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":321397,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123917505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nacholapithecus and its importance for understanding hominoid evolution","authors":"M. Nakatsukasa, Y. Kunimatsu","doi":"10.1002/evan.20208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/evan.20208","url":null,"abstract":"Nacholapithecus kerioi is a large‐sized hominoid from the Aka Aiteputh Formation (15 Ma) in Nachola, northern Kenya. 1 While eight large‐sized hominoid species dating to the late Early to early Middle Miocene (17‐14 Ma) are known in Afro‐Arabia and western Eurasia, 2–6 the facial and postcranial anatomy of these apes is poorly known. However, much has been learned of the craniodental and postcranial anatomy of N. kerioi over the last ten years (A list of published specimens is available online, accompanying this article), and it plays a key role in our understanding of hominoid evolution in the Early to Middle Miocene of Africa and Eurasia. Importantly, it bears on the interpretation of the hominoid Morotopithecus bishopi from 20.6 my‐old Uganda. 7–10 In the article, we provide information on the anatomy and adaptations of N. kerioi as well as on the site of Nachola, and discuss how our current knowledge of N. kerioi can be incorporated into scenarios of hominoid evolution.","PeriodicalId":321397,"journal":{"name":"Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132284265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}