Polish Political Science Yearbook最新文献

{"title":"International Institutions in China’s Foreign Policy: The Case of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization","authors":"Szymon Ostrowski","doi":"10.15804/ppsy202232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32104,"journal":{"name":"Polish Political Science Yearbook","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46487156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancillary Units as a Tool of Sublocal Governance in the Polish Major Cities","authors":"M. Madej","doi":"10.15804/ppsy202213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202213","url":null,"abstract":"After the post-communist transition, decentralisation and subsidiarity have become one of Poland's major principles of political organisation. Moreover, especially the original 1990 reform and establishment of self-governing communes are regarded as a success story, not only in improving the quality of governance and public service provision but also in the civil society and citizen participation, as evidenced by the development of modern urban movements. The article explores legal possibilities for further decentralisation of municipalities, analysing the role of ancillary units in regional capitals. Ancillary units in Poland have developed differently in the countryside and urban communes. Relying on publicly available information and data provided by the respective municipal offices, the article describes the ancillary units' statutory role, competencies, and actual activities. The findings enable the assessment of the application of the sublocal decentralisation solution in Polish cities and the identification of its benefits and shortcomings.","PeriodicalId":32104,"journal":{"name":"Polish Political Science Yearbook","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49213063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risks and Benefits of i-Voting in Public Opinion: Evidence from Poland","authors":"Izabela Kapsa, Magdalena Musiał-Karg","doi":"10.15804/ppsy202215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202215","url":null,"abstract":"Apart from benefits, internet voting security is most frequently discussed by opponents and supporters of this form of electoral participation. Although this voting method is not available in Poland, the debate on the implementation of i-voting appears in each election. The COVID-19 pandemic showed a great need to implement additional remote voting methods in the elections, and increasingly more countries are considering the introduction of i-vote in the future. Although there is no plan for the nearest future in Poland, citizens' opinions suggest that this voting procedure would meet many of its users. The paper's main aim is to analyse Poles' opinions about the risks and benefits of internet voting. The results of our own studies are based on a survey among Poles regarding their views on internet voting. The main goal is to verify if Poles more often highlight the benefits than risks of i-voting, and if the opinions about risks and benefits of i-voting differ depending on respondents’ sex, age, education and domicile.","PeriodicalId":32104,"journal":{"name":"Polish Political Science Yearbook","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48431025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategic Ambiguity in US-Taiwan Relations During the Donald Trump Administration","authors":"Filip Grzegorzewski","doi":"10.15804/ppsy202210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202210","url":null,"abstract":"Strategic ambiguity, or the deliberate policy of uncertainty as to whether the United States would use force to defend Taiwan against an invasion by the People's Republic of China, has been the centrepiece of US policy towards the Taiwan issue for decades. This paper discusses the factors driving the redefinition of strategic ambiguity and its recalibration throughout Donald Trump's presidency (2017–2021). The fundamental driver of this change was to balance the rising power of the People’s Republic of China (PRC). The paper applied offensive realism as a theoretical framework for its analysis. Under President Donald Trump, Washington modified its policy of strategic ambiguity, explicitly framing relations with Taiwan within a broader Indo-Pacific strategy. While the US retained key elements of strategic ambiguity, including the 'One China' policy, it added new features to deploy it offensively against Beijing's growing regional hegemony. The increased dynamism and unpredictability of relations with Taiwan were matched by a welcoming attitude towards strengthening Taiwanese identity and highlighting the systemic differences between communist China and democratic Taiwan. America stepped up arms sales and encouraged Taiwan to build its self-defence capabilities. Washington engaged in countering Chinese attempts to isolate Taiwan internationally and included it in restructuring global supply chains. Although the United States has not formally revised the boundaries of the 'One China' policy, the modification of strategic ambiguity increased Taiwan's prominence in US-China power competition and pushed back the prospect of peaceful unification.","PeriodicalId":32104,"journal":{"name":"Polish Political Science Yearbook","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41797660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forms of the Government Administration’s Impact on the Activities of Local Governments During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"P. Ra̧czka, Maciej Serowaniec","doi":"10.15804/ppsy202214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202214","url":null,"abstract":"The primary burden of tackling the pandemic COVID-19 lies with the state as the entity responsible for protecting the health and life of its citizens. Hence, it can be argued that the focus of the pandemic-induced changes to the Polish legal order was on administrative law, which not only sets out the principles of the functioning of the State as the executive power but also governs the relations between the government, local government and citizens, which had to be significantly modified during the pandemic. It would be impossible to analyse and discuss all the emergency measures that appeared in Poland’s administrative law due to the threats posed by the pandemic. The subject matter of the present study is the analysis of the legal solutions adopted in the Republic of Poland in the sphere of public law in connection with the spread of the virus and particular provisions shaping relationships between the two basic structural branches of Polish public administration, viz. the government administration and the local-government administration. The following part of this study will accordingly be devoted to the analysis of the legislative solution contained in Article 11h of the COVID-19 Act, establishing a legal framework for issuing binding instructions to, among others, the various bodies of local governments, local-government legal persons and local-government organisational entities without legal personality.","PeriodicalId":32104,"journal":{"name":"Polish Political Science Yearbook","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42794272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paradigms of the Sick, Healthy, and Normal Security in Social Sciences","authors":"Bogusław Jagusiak","doi":"10.15804/ppsy202301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202301","url":null,"abstract":"One of the many divisions of security exposed in the literature dealing with it is the ambivalent division into positive and negative security, which sometimes, somehow combined and mutually limiting, manifest themselves in normal and real security. Starting from this distinction, I develop their descriptions based on Erich Fromm’s explanations of a healthy, sick, and normal society. Simultaneously, I argue that sick societies pursue negative security by preferring war and destruction, while healthy societies pursue positive security by preferring love, peace, and creative activity. It is a preference based on striving, in the case of a healthy society and positive security, “to be”, as Fromm states, and in the case of a sick society and negative security, “to have”, and finally, in the case of normal security, to mutually limiting “to have” and “to be”. I deepen this description by referring to the thought of Bertrand Russell, in which positive and good security is defined “as one that should be by itself”, and negative and bad “as one that should not be by itself”. On the other hand, by bolding and broadening this description, I associate positive security (based on “to be”) with the concept of “civilisation of love”, “civilization of life”, and “civilization of brotherhood”, while negative security (embedded in “to have”) with “civilisation of killing”, “civilisation of overkilling”, and “civilisation of death”, and finally, normal security (embedded on mutually limiting “to be” and “to have”) with the liberal civilisation of security and control.","PeriodicalId":32104,"journal":{"name":"Polish Political Science Yearbook","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67135386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral Thinking in the Process of Logistics Students’ Education Using the Example of the EOQ Model","authors":"Paweł Ślaski, M. Grzelak","doi":"10.15804/ppsy202216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202216","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the possibility of using lateral thinking to enhance student learning in higher education. Teams of students formed during classes using the „six think- ing hats” method, a concept developed by (de Bono, 1985), analyse a problem posed by the lecturer. This problem involves solving a commonly used economic rule considered in a deterministic environment, the so-called economic order quantity (EOQ) model. Students divided into research teams first solve the problem classically, using elements of differential calculus. In the next stage, they solve the problem using process analysis, re-engineering principles, and a computer application. The most important feature of this stage is the analysis of the problem, so to speak, from the end, i.e., from the definition of the goal, which is to determine the optimal order size of goods in the supply chain at minimum cost. The six thinking hats method is extremely helpful at this stage. The key benefits for students using this type of teaching are related to verifying previous thinking in solving the problem and adopting a creative approach to solving the task. Empirical studies confirm that this type of teaching increases the attractiveness of the class and the satisfaction of acquiring creative thinking skills and provides the satisfaction of solving a complex research problem in a team. Student surveys with a small sample (<30 students) confirmed those benefits. According to the compiled statistics, about 60% of the respondents believe that teamwork reduces the time needed to complete the task, while about 70% of students believe that teamwork teaches creative thinking, and the presented way of solving the problem can be used in practical activities of business entities. The current world situation and pandemic threats cause the suspension of classes for students. The method developed allows for distance learning, known as e-learning. Students form groups and connect via Skype. Using an online platform, they share lessons developed through the use of a thinking hat. The Excel spreadsheet used in the method allows solutions to be communicated online, making it easier for students to communicate at a distance. The developed method does not require complex e-learning applications and platforms. Students work at home using their private computer equipment and make the right decisions without much effort. With the threat of viral infection, it is crucial to focus on interesting activities without having to interact with the outside world.","PeriodicalId":32104,"journal":{"name":"Polish Political Science Yearbook","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67135564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review: Joanna Rak, Roman Bäcker (Eds.), Neo-militant Democracies in Post-communist Member States of the European Union, Routledge, London and New York 2022, pp. 268.","authors":"Karolina Owczarek","doi":"10.15804/ppsy202226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202226","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32104,"journal":{"name":"Polish Political Science Yearbook","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67135796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Change in Poles’ Sense of Security After the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic","authors":"Justyna Stochaj, Natalia Moch, Bogusław Jagusiak","doi":"10.15804/ppsy202303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202303","url":null,"abstract":"The article recounts the changes in the security perception of Poles after the outbreak of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Upon utilisation of comparative empirical research carried out in 2020 and 2021, using the diagnostic survey method with the survey techniques, the conclusion confirmed that Poles’ sense of security decreased in 2020 and 2021. According to the respondents’ answers, the most frequent explanation for declining security perception coincides with the threat of contracting the coronavirus. Those include losing a job due to the restrictions introduced in economic activity, determined by the appearance of the coronavirus, and the introduction of restrictions on movement in connection with the occurrences of COVID-19. In addition, the study found that the respondents’ most frequently chosen methods of improving their sense of security include using personal protective equipment, avoiding contact with other people, and refraining from leaving their homes.","PeriodicalId":32104,"journal":{"name":"Polish Political Science Yearbook","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67135456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eurocentrism in Samuel P. Huntington's Concept of the Clash of Civilisations","authors":"Mateusz Kufliński","doi":"10.15804/ppsy202220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15804/ppsy202220","url":null,"abstract":"The article is dedicated to an issue of Eurocentrism in American political scientist Samuel P. Huntington's concept of the clash of civilisations. The arguments presented indicate that Huntington's concept is pure Eurocentric. I start by mentioning a few of Huntington's critics (Noam Chomsky, Samir Amin, Arjun Appadurai, and John M. Hobson). The next step includes analysing in detail the \"Eurocentrism anatomy\" and presenting Eurocentrism as a phenomenon based on two axes, which I call \"materialistic\" and \"epistemological\". In other words, Eurocentrism is a kind of spectrum. Thanks to that, I compare Huntington's concept with facts from literature embedded in both axes. Apart from other arguments, Eurocentric factors in the clash of civilisations are 1) civilisations in the past, 2) origin of the West, 3) demographic argument, and 4) the downfall of the West. I argue that the clash of civilisations is based on false, Eurocentric assumptions and prejudices.","PeriodicalId":32104,"journal":{"name":"Polish Political Science Yearbook","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67135729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}