Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture最新文献

{"title":"The effect of Vympel and Rhizostym on some indicators of vegetable pepper growth at different phases of ontogenesis","authors":"S. Pryplavko, В. М. Gaviy, S. Kovalenko","doi":"10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-67-75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-67-75","url":null,"abstract":"Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the leading vegetable crops, cultivated mainly on farms. A study was introduced to study the comparative effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with Vympel and Rhizostym on some indicators of growth of pepper of sweet vegetable variety Bogatyr at different phases of ontogenesis. According to the results of research, it was found that the treatment of seeds with Vympel and Rhizostym has a positive effect on the accumulation of raw and dry matter of vegetable pepper plants. In the phase of two true leaves, the drug Vympel outperformed the control indicators by 65.5 and 100 %, respectively. In the phase of eight true leaves, the best results on the weight of the raw material were obtained in the variant with the use of Rhizostym, which exceeded the control value by 94 %, while the weight of dry matter was better influenced by Vympel, which exceeded the control values by 109.3 %. In terms of the percentage of dry matter in the plant sample, the best effect was shown by the drug Vympel, which exceeded the control value by 16.9–21.4 % depending on the phase of development. According to the water content in the plant sample in the phase of two true leaves, Vympel showed high efficiency, which exceeded the control indicators by 56.1 %. Rhizostym contributed to an increase of 94.1 % compared to the control in the phase of eight true leaves. Studying the effect of the studied drugs on the linear growth rates of pepper vegetable variety Bogatyr, it was found that the height of the stem and root length of plants in the phase of two true leaves was better influenced by the drug Vympel, which exceeded control by 6.3 % and 61.5 %, respectively. In the phase of eight true leaves, these indicators were better influenced by the drug Rhizostym. In terms of stem diameter in the middle part of pepper plants in the flowering phase, the drug Rhizostym was highly effective, exceeding the control value by 30 %, and in the ripening phase – Vympel, which contributed to the predominance compared to the control by 26.5 %. The highest yield of vegetable peppers was found during seed treatment with Rhizostym. It also helped increase the wall thickness of pepper fruits. Therefore, plant growth regulators Vympel and Rhizostiy should be used to treat vegetable pepper seeds in order to improve growth, yield and fruit quality","PeriodicalId":320089,"journal":{"name":"Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115508805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Researches of soil fertilization and top dressing in pear orchards (literature review)","authors":"T. Fedorova, R. Yakovenko","doi":"10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-163-172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-163-172","url":null,"abstract":"Biological, meteorological and agro-technical factors have an impact on the nutrition level of fruit and berry crops. To reach high productivity, agricultural crops are to be provided with nutrient substances in a proper form and optimal amount. The addition of important components at critical stages of the plant development gives an impulse to create high and quality yield. Fertilization is aimed at satisfying the feeding needs of the trees in certain soil-climatic conditions; the dose is determined for separate elements according to the peculiarities of a fruit crop, a pomological cultivar, a rootstock and a tree age, also mineral nutrition elements in the soil and the possibility for a fruit crop to use them are taken into consideration. The nutrient requirements of fruit trees vary during the growing season. From the moment of budding to flowering, the need for nitrogen increases, the need for potassium and phosphorus constantly increases during the growing season. Rational mineral fertilization in pear-tree orchards should be based on the results of the soil and leaf analyses as well as on a visual estimation of the growth and fruit bearing of the trees (for example, nitrogen, iron). Unfortunately, it is very common for gardens to be fertilized blindly, without controlling the nutrient content of the soil. Excessive fertilization can both decrease fruit yielding capacity and quality and pollute the environment because of the accumulation of fertilizers in the soil and their washing out into soil and surface waters. The survey of literature sources concerning the effect of soil fertilization and top dressing on the growth and general productivity of pear-tree orchards was made. As a result of the analysis made, it has been established that at present no recommendation as to the application of fertilization in pear-tree orchards is available, because most of them were suggested for apple-tree and pear-tree orchards together. However, there is a difference in mineral nutrition of a pear-tree, in particular those on weak rootstock. Which is why, it is relevant to consider the issue of the development of an optimal fertilization system of intensive pear-tree orchards on a vegetative rootstock","PeriodicalId":320089,"journal":{"name":"Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131553141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection value of new spring triticale varieties","authors":"V. Liubych","doi":"10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-7-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-7-20","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the selection value of new spring triticale varieties according to the main economic and valuable properties (duration of the growing season, plant height, lodging resistance, resistance to diseases, tillering coefficient, grain weight from one ear, grain yield). Methods. Laboratory, mathematical and statistical, physical. Results. The duration of the growing season of spring triticale was longer compared to wheat. Thus, it was the longest in 2015–122 days, in 2014–112, and in 2013–102 days or 3–9 days more compared to wheat, except for 2014 in which the duration of the growing season of spring wheat was 117 days. This figure did not change depending on the variety of spring triticale over the years of research. The shorter growing season of spring triticale in 2013 was apparently due to the later sowing period. On average, over three years of research, the height of spring triticale plants varied from 99 to 105 cm depending on the variety. Triticale spring exceeded soft spring wheat by 2–8 %. However, Heritage durum wheat plants were the highest. This figure has changed significantly over the years of research. Thus, the highest plants were in the favourable 2014 – 108–129 cm, the shortest in the less favourable 2013 – 85–92 cm, and in 2015 – 100–106 cm. Spring triticale plants had the highest resistance to pathogens of leaf spot in 2015. In 2014, the intensity of their defeat was at the level of 4.0–4.5% with the resistance of 9 points. Triticale spring significantly exceeded the plants of both types of wheat in this respect. On the average for three years of researches, the coefficient of general spring triticale tillering made 1.56–1.65 depending on the variety. This indicator was at the level of durum wheat and 9–14 % lower than that of soft wheat. The productive tillering coefficient was 10–15 % lower than that of soft wheat. Of the five varieties of spring triticale, the highest grain yield was obtained for the cultivation of Kharkiv Oberih variety – 6.12 t/ha. Yields of Kharkiv Lebid, Kharkiv Sontsedar and Kharkiv Korovai varieties were 18–22 % higher compared to soft wheat and 7–11 % higher than durum wheat. Conclusions. Indicators of growth and development of spring triticale plants and grain yield change significantly depending on the variety and weather conditions of the growing season. The duration of the growing seasom of spring triticale is 102–122 days. Plants can be medium and very tall, lodging resistance varies from 5 to 9 points. Triticale spring has a very high resistance to main fungal diseases. Grain yield is 4.93–6.12 t/ha depending on the genotype. To obtain a high and stable grain yield, it is necessary to grow Kharkiv Korovai and Kharkiv Oberih spring triticale varieties.","PeriodicalId":320089,"journal":{"name":"Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132791876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the parameters of economically valuable traits of camelina sativa for the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine under the conditions of climate change","authors":"A. I. Lyubchenko, I. O. Lyubchenko, L. Ryabovol, Y. S. Ryabovol","doi":"10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-199-210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-199-210","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, on the basis of regression analysis of the data, a forecast of the most important elements of the structure of productivity for the maximum specified yield of camelina sativa in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine in conditions of climate change is made. According to the assessment of the correlation relationships between the economically valuable breeding traits of camelina sativa, the studied indicators differ among themselves in terms of the level of interaction. The indicators of seed collection from one plant (r=0.98), the number of pods per plant (r=0.84) and plant safety (r=0.71) have a significant influence on the formation of productivity. The average correlation effect on productivity is the number of seeds per pod (r=0.44), the number of branches per plant (r=0.60), plant height (r=0.37) and the duration of the growing season (r=0.38). The mass of seeds per plant strongly depended on the number of pods per plant (r=0.85), but had an average positive correlation with the number of seeds per pod (r=0.48), the number of branches per plant (r=0.59), plant height (r=0.37), plant safety (r=0.62) and duration of the growing season (r=0.37). There is a weak negative relationship between the number of seeds in a pod and plant height (r=-0.29) and the duration of the growing season (r=-0.18), between the mass of a thousand seeds and the number of pods per plant (r=-0.08). Regression analysis of the entire array of experimental data made it possible to predict the value of the most important elements of the productivity structure for the maximum specified yield. For a maximum yield of 3.0–3.5 t/ha, the weight of seeds per plant should be 2.1–2.4 g, while the plant should form 13.4–15.9 branches, 159.5–182.1 pods and 16.8–19.5 seeds per pod. The mass of a thousand seeds should have 2.34–2.95 g, plant height 90.7–105.8 cm and plant safety at the level of 98.9 %, and the duration of the growing season should be in the range from 103 to 110 days.","PeriodicalId":320089,"journal":{"name":"Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121361207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ФОРМУВАННЯ ЯКОСТІ ХЛІБА З БОРОШНА ПШЕНИЦІ СПЕЛЬТИ","authors":"V. B. Kovalev, O. Trembitskaya, T. V. Klimenko, S. V. Fedorchuk, Yu. L. Petukhov","doi":"10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-254-262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-254-262","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important problems of mankind remains food, the increase in the number of allergy sufferers and the reduction of food quality and food safety, in particular. Aim. To study the issues of forming the quality of spelt wheat flour bread in Polissia. Methods. Laboratory, mathematical and statistical, physico-chemical. Results. Spelt wheat contains 12–21% more protein than modern varieties of soft wheat. Thus, when conducting research in 2018–2019 under Brusyliv district conditions on poor sandy soils, this statement was confirmed. The quality of spelt wheat bread differed significantly from that of soft wheat. Thus, Zoria Ukrainy spelt wheat bread had the correct convex shape and colour, while Darunok Podillia wheat flour did not keep its shape, had a torn concave surface and a pale grey colour. Compared to Zoria Ukrainy bread, bread made from Europe variety spelt flour had a slightly worse appearance – a light brown semi-oval surface with small cracks. The highest score on bread appearance was obtained from Zoria Ukrainy spelt wheat flour – 4–5 points, the lowest - from soft wheat – 1–2 points. This indicator of Europe variety spelt wheat was at the level of 2–4 points. The bread crumb of all wheat varieties had a large uniform but thick-walled holes or 2 points according to the rating scale. The highest bread softness was obtained from spelt wheat bread – 5 points, and in soft wheat it was at the level of 1 point. The bread crumbs colour of soft wheat and Zoria Ukrainy spelt wheat was dark, and of Europe variety – dirty yellow due to the use of wallpaper flour in the recipe. There is a direct high correlation between the grain protein content and the bread softness (r = 0.82±0.007). It is obvious that the highest culinary quality of spelt wheat bread is obtained due to its content. Conclusions. Under the same growing conditions, Darunok Podillia soft wheat was significantly inferior to spelt wheat. Bread baked from spelt wheat wallpaper flour had a better appearance, the correct shape and more pronounced taste. Europe spelt wheat grain, which is the result of Triticum aestivum/Triticum spelta hybridization, was inferior to the quality indicators of Zoria Ukrainy variety.","PeriodicalId":320089,"journal":{"name":"Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128465570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the vegetation of winter wheat agrophytocenoses after the predecessors of leguminous perennial grasses","authors":"О. Tkachuk","doi":"10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-150-162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-150-162","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to solving the problem of increasing the yield of winter wheat crops when it is grown after the predecessors of six types of perennial legumes. The features of the passage of the growth and development phases of winter wheat plants in the spring are shown, depending on the predecessors. The dynamics of plant height in the spring-summer period is analyzed. The change in the density of winter wheat plants during the spring renewal of the growing season and at the end of the growing season was studied. The spring thinning of winter wheat plants, the coefficient of total and productive tillering are calculated. The total number of stems of winter wheat plants and productive stems is shown. The level of grain yield of winter wheat, depending on its predecessors, was investigated, and correlation-regression relationships between it and the factors of spring-summer vegetation of crops were revealed. A close correlation has been proved between the grain yield and the number of all stems, as well as productive stems of winter wheat plants on an area of one square meter, as well as between the grain yield and the height of winter wheat plants at the beginning of spring regrowth. It is shown that the most favorable growing conditions and the level of grain yield of winter wheat when growing it after various types of perennial legumes is observed after the predecessor of meadow clover, where the highest plant density at the end of the growing season was observed – 145 million pcs/ha, the number of total – 878 pcs./m2 and productive stems – 799 pcs./m2, as well as the highest plant height at the beginning of spring regrowth – 6 cm. This allows you to get a winter wheat grain yield of 5.8 t/ha without the use of mineral fertilizers. After white melilot, the yield of winter wheat was 10.2 % less and amounted to 5.21 t/ha; after sandy sainfoin – 14.% less – 4.99 t/ha; after the eastern goat's rue – by 21.6 % less – 4.55 t/ha; after sowing alfalfa – by 24.5 % less – 4.38 t/ha and after horned grass – the lowest yield – 4.03 t/ha, which is 30.6 % less than after meadow clover","PeriodicalId":320089,"journal":{"name":"Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114094405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Control of the number of weeds in crops of grain sorghum and their effect on the growth and development of plants","authors":"L. Pravdyva","doi":"10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-182-191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-182-191","url":null,"abstract":"In Ukraine, grain sorghum is considered a valuable crop, as it is used in the food industry, in fodder production and in the energy industry, and control of the number of weeds in crops is extremely important. The aim of the research was to establish the influence of methods for controlling the number of weeds on the growth and development of grain sorghum plants in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field — to study the biological, ecological features of growth and devel¬opment of productivity and quality of culture (ob¬servation, obtaining correlations), laboratory — to identify the relationship between plant and the environment (analysis of plants and soil); generalization — to establish the general properties and characteristics of objects; mathematical and statistical — to process experimental data to increase the validity of conclusions. Results. Weed infestation and the use of various methods of controlling the number of weeds influenced the growth and development of plants, namely: in the variant with high infestation, the growing season was the longest – 121–124 days, the plant height was 39–77 cm in the Dnіprovskiy 39 variety, and 72 cm in the Vіnets variety. cm, the number of productive stems was 12.6 pcs/m2 in varieties Dnіprovsky 39 and 12.3 pcs/m2 in varieties Vіnets, leaf surface area 1 plant and plant weight had low indicators as in variety Dnіprovsky 39 (1053.2 cm2 and 973 g/m2) and in varieties Vіnets (1017.3 cm2 and 912 g/m2), other methods of controlling the number of weeds were observed significantly better growth and development of grain sorghum plants. Conclusions. In the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the quantitative and species composition of weeds in crops of grain sorghum was studied. In the crops of grain sorghum, mainly monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous types of weeds prevailed. Their average number was 101.0 pcs/m2, their air-dry weight was 158 g/m2. It was found that the high efficiency of weed control was observed in the variant with manual weeding by almost 97 %, in the variant with the mechanical and chemical methods, the efficiency was from 76 to 79 %. On the variant with biological weediness (control), the amount of weeds increased by almost 10 %.","PeriodicalId":320089,"journal":{"name":"Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129948206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth, development and yield of beet varieties under the action of biological products","authors":"О. I. Ulyanich, S. Vdovenko, V. Yatsenko, M. M. Chmil","doi":"10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-92-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-92-104","url":null,"abstract":"The search for new conditions for growing vegetables in organic crops in order to obtain safe products and in connection with changes in climatic conditions requires an immediate solution. The article considers and proves that the use of biological products affects the formation of highly productive crops and promotes the production of products with a high content of biologically active substances. Studies have shown a positive effect of biological products on the growth and development and yield of beetroot varieties Delicatessen and Red Ball. Studies have been conducted to study the technological aspects of growing vegetables, in particular with the use of biological products, taking into account the environmental impact of both growth processes and quantitative and qualitative indicators. Features of various biological products and their efficiency are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the use of biologicals, which allowed to comprehensively assess the impact of elements of cultivation technology on phenological, biometric, indicators, yield and quality of table beet products, development and improvement of elements of technology for their cultivation in the forest-steppe of Ukraine. This involves the use of highly productive varieties, the use of various effective biological products, is relevant for the spread and cultivation of table beets in the forest-steppe of Ukraine. Phenological observations of canteen beet plants showed that they developed differently and reacted differently in the phases of growth and development, depending on the introduced biological products. The technical ripeness phase began on days 121–129 and was longer than in the control. With the introduction of Solutin and Chlorella – 128–129 days, and in short - with the introduction of biological products Helprost vegetable, Helprost vegetable + Phytohelp, Solutin + Phytohelp – 121–125 days. It was proved that table beet plants differed in height, number of leaves, leaf blade area and their total area per hectare, which compared to the control were from the use of a tank mixture of biological products Helprost vegetable + Phytohelp – 28.3–28.7 thousand m2/ha, which is significantly higher than the control by 13.6–14.8 thousand m2/ha. The area of leaves was slightly lower as a result of the use of other drugs and mixtures – 21.8–22.6 thousand m2/ha. The use of a mixture of drugs Helprost vegetable + Phytohelp contributed to an increase in the mass of the root of table beets by 255–350 g, which is significantly higher than the control by 9–10 g. A positive effect on the yield of beetroot was shown by the vegetable Helprost preparation, as well as a mixture of vegetable Helprost + Phytohelp preparations, the use of which provided a yield of 52.4–63.8 t/ha. The use of a mixture of biological products Solutin + Phytohelp improves the appearance of the plant, increases resistance to harmful microorganisms, and the marketable yield increases to 26.0 t/ha and significantly ex","PeriodicalId":320089,"journal":{"name":"Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133585528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental assessment of the state of municipal solid waste management in the city of Uman","authors":"A. Balabak","doi":"10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-104-111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-104-111","url":null,"abstract":"The study of municipal solid waste management was carried out on the example of the city of Uman, the features of the municipal waste collection were considered. One of the promising utilization methods of the municipal waste organic component is proposed — anaerobic fermentation with subsequent composting of the resulting products. Urban population growth, industrialization, urbanization and economic prosperity lead to an increase in municipal solid waste (MSW). The aim of the work was to consider the characteristics of municipal solid waste management using the example of the city of Uman; inspect the features of collecting municipal waste; consider a separate collection system; identify problems and possible solutions. According to the statistics of Uman city council, 73-75 tons of municipal waste per day are delivered to the landfill. The control is carried out on the composition of the waste entering the landfill. Sorting takes place using a sorting line, which was put into operation in October 2016. Removal of municipal solid waste from the residential sector is carried out according to the schedule. The waste from the private sector of the city is removed during the day. Transportation (transport) of municipal waste is carried out by specially equipped vehicles. On the plots of the private residential sector, the collection of municipal waste is carried out by containerless and container methods. The containerless method is used in those areas of private building, where the possibility of the garbage truck's driving and its maneuvering are limited. Analysis of the current state of municipal solid waste management in the city of Uman showed that the main reasons for the increase in the volume of environmental pollution due to municipal solid waste is the lack of a high-quality management system in the field of MSW management, and especially the outdated waste collection and transportation scheme. The state of MSW management does not meet modern requirements. At the landfill, as a result of the introduction of the technology for the production of biogas from municipal solid waste, it is possible to obtain marketable products — biogas and compost. The city can receive income from the use of biogas as an alternative source of energy for heating buildings or from its consuming by the population. For the city of Uman, the volume of biogas formation at the MSW landfill in 2018 would have amounted to 5,441,280 m3, and in 2019 – 5,424,930 m3.Thus, it is possible to obtain significant volumes of biogas for the production of both heat and electricity. As a result of the study, recommendations were developed to improve the system for collecting municipal waste in the city of Uman. One of the promising utilization methods of the municipal waste organic component in the city of Uman is anaerobic fermentation followed by composting of the resulting products.","PeriodicalId":320089,"journal":{"name":"Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133427986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptability and productivity of tomato varieties in the forest-steppe of Ukraine","authors":"N. Vorobjova","doi":"10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-111-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-1-111-125","url":null,"abstract":"The expansion of the assortment of vegetable plants allows to increase the variety and production of domestic vegetable products, in particular, tomatoes. The article examines and proves the research results that the variety significantly affects the formation of tomato productivity and can minimize the negative impact of environmental factors. Experimental studies were carried out in 2018–2020. On the experimental field of the Uman NUS and was carried out in accordance with generally accepted methods. The main research methods are used in the work: analysis and comparison, experimental, calculated. We studied tomato varieties of Ukrainian selection Lagidny (control), Anita, Aisan, Vulkan, Geyser, Daruna, Classic, Lyubimy, Mirolyubovsky, Obereg, Udavchik, Fizuma, Khoriv, Chudo. The study of the nature of the influence of the varietal characteristics of the tomato on the onset of the main phases of growth and development confirmed the different timing of the beginning of flowering and in the variety Mirolyubovsky period began on May 27, in the varieties Obereg, Khoriv, Lagidny - on May 30. The fruits of most varieties reached in the third decade of July, in the Mirolyubovsky variety - on July 24, in the Obereg and Khoriv varieties – on July 29, later than control. Depending on the variety, budding of the first cluster occurred 43–46 days after germination. The shortest growing season was observed in the varieties Lyubimy, Mirolyubovsky, Udavchik, Fizuma – 102–105 days, Anita, Obereg and Chudo – 106, Horev and Lagidny – 107 days. It was found that in terms of the height of the main stem in the seedling phase, most varieties had similar indicators – 33.5–33.7 cm, only in the Mirolyubovsky variety it was the smallest – 29.1 cm. An insignificant increase in the height of the main stem was revealed in the flowering phase of the first cluster and before the start of fruit collection, it was 71.3–71.8 cm in varieties Khoriv and Obereg, Mirolyubovsky – 55.8 cm. Before planting, most varieties had 6 leaves, and in Mirolyubovsky variety – 5. At the beginning of ripening, fruits on plants were counted by 45 leaves in the Oberig variety, 41 – Khoriv, 28 – Mirolyubovsky, which is significantly higher than the control of the Lagidny variety – 37 pcs / plant. The area of leaves on the plant varied depending on the area of the leaf blade and their number. In the seedling phase, the leaf area was 21.9 thousand. m2/ha for the Mirolyubovsky variety, for the Obereg variety – 24.3 thousand. m2/ha, ie had close values with control (21.3 thousand m2/ha). At the time of flowering, this figure increased for the variety Obereg to 52.8 thousand. m2/ha, in the variety Horiv – 52.4 thousand. m2/ha, which was significantly higher than the control – 45.2 thousand. m2/ha. At the beginning of fruit ripening, the leaf area reached 127.3 thousand. m2/ha, Obereg – 129.0, Mirolyubovsky – 125.5 thousand. m2/ha. Comparison of the number of generative organs of plants showed that during","PeriodicalId":320089,"journal":{"name":"Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131231482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}