{"title":"SYSTEMATIC OPTIMISATION PROCESS FOR AN EBIKE DRIVE UNIT IN A HIGHLY VARIABLE ENVIRONMENT","authors":"Marco Steck, S. Husung","doi":"10.1017/pds.2023.331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2023.331","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Drive units of eBikes are used in every type of bicycle and for different riding scenarios and riders. Due to the different riders and bike types, an enormous variety of influencing parameters and load spectra must be considered during the design process. Therefore, in this paper, a systematic approach for the optimization of the drive unit is presented, which adopts and combines several approaches from design theory. The focus is on efficient modeling and simulation of the relevant parameters and load spectra to minimize uncertainties in the design process. Based on a system analysis, dimension-reduced parameter spaces are formed for the simulation of the system, meta-models are integrated into the simulation model and the results of the simulation are transferred into a data-based surrogate model to cover the parameter space in an efficient way with a minimum number of time consuming FE simulations. Furthermore, a coordinate-based evaluation method is presented for the FE model in order to form the input for the surrogate model, reduces the amount of data, and to allows a geometry- and mesh-independent evaluation to compare different models.","PeriodicalId":319189,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Design Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126285287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"MITIGATING UNCERTAINTY IN CONCEPTUAL DESIGN USING OPERATIONAL SCENARIO SIMULATIONS: A DATA-DRIVEN EXTENSION OF THE EVOKE APPROACH","authors":"A. Bertoni","doi":"10.1017/pds.2023.267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2023.267","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper presents an approach where the iterative replication of Discrete Event Simulations on future operational scenarios is used to derive data-driven design merit functions. The presented contribution proposes an extension of the EVOKE (Early Value Oriented Design Exploration with Knowledge Maturity) approach determining when and how the experience-based judgment about maximization, minimization, optimization, and avoidance functions, correlating value drivers and quantified objectives, can be substituted by data-driven mathematical functions obtained by scenarios simulations. The approach is described through a simplified case concerning the development of autonomous electric vehicles to complement the public transport system in the city of Karlskrona in Sweden. The consideration of value drivers and quantified objectives presented is meant to support a preliminary screening of potential design configurations to support the definition of high-level product and system-related functional requirements, to be run before a more detailed conceptual design analysis.","PeriodicalId":319189,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Design Society","volume":"726 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116132587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacob Hatherell, Arnaud Marmier, G. Dennis, Will Curry, J. Matthews
{"title":"EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL FOR A FEA-BASED DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS TO DEVELOP DESIGN TOOLS FOR BULK-METAL JOINING PROCESSES","authors":"Jacob Hatherell, Arnaud Marmier, G. Dennis, Will Curry, J. Matthews","doi":"10.1017/pds.2023.182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2023.182","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Over the last 20 years, finite element analysis (FEA) has become a standard analysis tool for metal joining processes. When FEA tools are combined with design of experiments (DOE) methodologies, academic research has shown the potential for virtual DOE to allow for the rapid analysis of manufacturing parameters and their influence on final formed products. However, within the domain of bulk-metal joining, FEA tools are rarely used in industrial applications and limit DOE trails to physical testing which are therefore constrained by financial costs and time. This research explores the suitability of an FEA-based DOE to predict the complex behaviour during bulk-metal joining processes through a case study on the staking of spherical bearings. For the two DOE outputs of pushout strength and post-stake torque, the FEA-based DOE error did not exceed ±1.2% and ± 1.5 Nm respectively which far surpasses what was previously capable from analytically derived closed-form solutions. The outcomes of this case study demonstration the potential for FEA-based DOE to provide an inexpensive, methodical, and scalable solution for modelling bulk-metal joining process","PeriodicalId":319189,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Design Society","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116141074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicole Goridkov, Kelly Ye, Ye Wang, K. Goucher-Lambert
{"title":"CHALLENGES IN EXTRACTING INSIGHTS FROM LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT DOCUMENTS DURING EARLY STAGE DESIGN","authors":"Nicole Goridkov, Kelly Ye, Ye Wang, K. Goucher-Lambert","doi":"10.1017/pds.2023.84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2023.84","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Life cycle assessment (LCA) has been established as a benchmark for design for sustainability practices. LCA provides detailed technical documents regarding a product's environmental impact, but its use is often limited to trained experts who share the knowledge with designers. Life cycle experts are highly specialized, and the typical designer faces technical barriers and time constraints in extracting information from LCA documents. This work uses knowledge transfer principles to replicate expert practices in LCA information retrieval to support designers. Life-cycle experts (n = 4) were interviewed to understand practices and challenges in information retrieval for LCA documents. Interview findings were used to create a set of guidelines for effectively navigating LCA documents and then tested in a follow-up task where designers (n = 16) annotated an electric toothbrush LCA using the identified guidelines. Results find designers can effectively extract information from LCA documents given provided guidelines, but need detailed support interpreting complex visual entities like charts and figures. This work is the first step toward enabling knowledge transfer from LCA documents and building a structured sustainability knowledge base.","PeriodicalId":319189,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Design Society","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116731876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"WHAT DO AN ANAESTHESIOLOGIST, A NURSE, TWO DESIGNERS, AND A PROFESSOR IN ARCHITECTURAL TECHNOLOGY DO TOGETHER IN A ROOM? CRAFTING INTERDISCIPLINARITY AS RESPONSE TO EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES","authors":"M. Nigra, Anna Silenzi, Michele Di Marco","doi":"10.1017/pds.2023.388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2023.388","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The health sector in the humanitarian context is currently experiencing great pressure in delivering adequate care, due to a number of increasing emerging diseases. The World Health Organization (2022) reports that: '…since 2011, there have been more than 1200 outbreaks of epidemic-prone diseases in 188 countries around the world, causing widespread death and suffering…’. A key factor that can contribute to ensure high quality care is the possibility to rely on adequate infrastructure and products. This paper presents the interdisciplinary methodology deployed to design and develop an innovative infectious diseases treatment module that could be deployed and utilised in the very first phases of health emergencies. The methodology proposed is organised around a three-level approach to ensure both core disciplinary solidity, and holistic understanding of the complexity of the challenge. The contribution of this work is the definition of key aspects in the proposed methodology that can help overcome difficulties in delivering high quality interdisciplinary research and work, as well as highlighting behavioural patterns that can ensure successful delivery of innovative products and facilities for the humanitarian health sector.","PeriodicalId":319189,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Design Society","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131129100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jose Bonet Faus, P. Le Masson, Ugo Pelissier, Nafissa Jibet, Antoine Bordas, Sebastien Pajot
{"title":"DESIGN METHODS FOR DIAGNOSING AND LOCATING ENTANGLED TECHNICAL DEBT IN DEVOPS FRAMEWORKS","authors":"Jose Bonet Faus, P. Le Masson, Ugo Pelissier, Nafissa Jibet, Antoine Bordas, Sebastien Pajot","doi":"10.1017/pds.2023.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2023.127","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In the IT landscape, DevOps is the preferred approach for developing and maintaining rapidly evolving systems that require continuous improvements. Yet, DevOps frameworks do not entirely prevent the accumulation of Technical Debt (TD), and under certain circumstances DevOps can even contribute to generating TD. This paper focuses on a specific type of TD, Entangled Technical Debt (ETD), that corresponds to the implicit complexification of a system's design and the appearance of unintentional couplings in its architecture over time. Our work seeks to inform methods for Diagnosing and Locating ETD in DevOps frameworks. Through a research partnership with Ubisoft's IT branch, an experimental case-study was conducted. It takes the form of an assessment of 6 innovative IT projects and a subsequent in-depth architecture analysis of an individual IT system, which enabled the characterization of the mechanisms linking DevOps to ETD. This allowed us to develop and test practical methods for diagnosing and locating ETD in IT systems.","PeriodicalId":319189,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Design Society","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131395797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"SHEAFIFICATION AS A DESIGN TECHNIQUE FOR CREATIVE PRESERVATION – PRINCIPLES, ILLUSTRATIONS, AND FIRST APPLICATIONS","authors":"P. Le Masson, A. Hatchuel, B. Weil","doi":"10.1017/pds.2023.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2023.317","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In times of ‘grand challenges’, design theorists dealing with complex systems are facing a dilemma: grand challenges require rule breaking, but they also require the preservation, as much as possible, of existing resources, systems, know-how and societal values. Design for transition calls not for ‘creative destruction’, but for ‘creative preservation’. How do we model a design process that involves ‘creative preservation’? Today, it is recognized that category/topos theory provides a solid foundation for modelling complex systems and their evolution in design processes. Category theory can account for a design process inside a given ‘theory of the object’, while topos theory and design theory can account for the phenomena whereby a design process is innovative to preserve the knowledge structure. At the heart of this creative preservation is sheafification. In this study, we analyse the sheafification process using design theory. First, we characterize sheafification from a design perspective. Next, we propose a very simple illustration involving the sheafification of an ordinal 2 category presheaf. Finally, we show how sheafification can be used to enable ‘creative preservation’ in specific complex systems.","PeriodicalId":319189,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Design Society","volume":"525 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121282813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ananya Nandy, James Smith, Nicholas Jennings, Mike Kuniavsky, Bjoern Hartmann, K. Goucher-Lambert
{"title":"VR OR NOT? INVESTIGATING INTERFACE TYPE AND USER STRATEGIES FOR INTERACTIVE DESIGN SPACE EXPLORATION","authors":"Ananya Nandy, James Smith, Nicholas Jennings, Mike Kuniavsky, Bjoern Hartmann, K. Goucher-Lambert","doi":"10.1017/pds.2023.386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2023.386","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Computational design tools allow the generation of vast numbers of possible designs, entrusting the human designer with describing constraints or specifications to guide exploration of the design space. Designers can have many different decision considerations when conducting this type of exploration, including form, function, users, or context. In this work, we investigate strategies that emerge when people are tasked with exploring a large design space within either a non-immersive (2D) or immersive (VR) interface and equipped with action-based interactions to set or envision specifications related to their considerations. Results from a 28 participant user study uncovers that people have varying strategies to enact their decision considerations that are not unique to the type of interface. However, the interfaces differ in perceptions of enabling breadth or depth of exploration holistically, with preference towards 2D interfaces to compare options, and VR to understand single designs. These results have implications for the user experience of systems that allow designers to explore the outputs of large design spaces, both at the interaction and interface levels.","PeriodicalId":319189,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Design Society","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127734647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Erinisha L Johnson, Sandeep Krishnakumar, Cynthia Letting, Nicolas Soria-Zurita, Jessica Menold
{"title":"EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GENDER IDENTITY AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SHARED UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN DESIGNERS","authors":"Erinisha L Johnson, Sandeep Krishnakumar, Cynthia Letting, Nicolas Soria-Zurita, Jessica Menold","doi":"10.1017/pds.2023.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2023.183","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Prior work has demonstrated that gender identity affects team psychological safety, which is critical to the development of a shared understanding of the task. Further, we know that a shared understanding can increase team cohesion and team performance. Little work has investigated how gender differences affect communicative acts within the context of design, and more specifically how gender differences may affect the development of a shared understanding of the design concept between designers. As a first step towards filling this gap, the current work presents findings from a controlled study conducted at The Pennsylvania State University with 22 design dyads (44 designers). The findings from this study indicate that gender identity within design dyads does not affect participants’ shared understanding of a design concept.","PeriodicalId":319189,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Design Society","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132820913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Matsumae, Karen Shichijo, Keisuke Shoji, Ken-ichi Sawai
{"title":"CHARACTERISTICS OF INTERPERSONAL PHONETIC COMMUNICATION IN RESONANCE DURING CO-CREATION","authors":"A. Matsumae, Karen Shichijo, Keisuke Shoji, Ken-ichi Sawai","doi":"10.1017/pds.2023.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/pds.2023.88","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study is aimed to understand the relationship between resonance and interpersonal phonetic communication during co-creation from the following points of view: linguistic functional factors and paralinguistic factors. The novice designers were assigned a concept generation task in pairs from the two nouns, “weather” and “stationery”. Linguistic function tags were contracted into five tag groups, Stuckness, Question, Seriousness, Proposition and Positiveness. The results suggest that phonetic communication in resonance showed significantly lower Stuckness and higher Positiveness towards the counterpart's utterances; Silence-based conversation was significantly observed when both were in creative states but had not reached resonance; Resonance was significantly more likely to occur with communication where one mainly spoke and the other also responded with utterances, neither one spoke in dominant amounts, or both spoke in equal amounts. This study will contribute to understanding and facilitating resonance, which is an essential phenomenon in individual/interpersonal/group creativity, with practical implications, especially for co-creative concept generation and sustainable creative flow in collaborative design.","PeriodicalId":319189,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Design Society","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134005706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}