Philosophical anthropology最新文献

Changing Philosophical Perspectives: "Turn to Animals" in the New Anthropology 改变哲学视角:新人类学中的“转向动物”

Philosophical anthropology Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.21146/2414-3715-2021-7-1-64-79

Maria A. Kozyreva

{"title":"Changing Philosophical Perspectives: \"Turn to Animals\" in the New Anthropology","authors":"Maria A. Kozyreva","doi":"10.21146/2414-3715-2021-7-1-64-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2414-3715-2021-7-1-64-79","url":null,"abstract":"The period of the end of the twentieth — the beginning of the twenty-first century can be called the heyday of human rights movements that advocate the inclusion of new agencies in the political, ethical, social and other fields. Among them arose the animal rights movement, which later developed into a philosophical turn called animal turn, which is now one of the most popular in the Western philosophical and anthropological discourse. Being mostly a media and popular science project, animal turn has been little studied and criticized from an academic point of view. In this article, it is proposed to explore the history of the turn, its development and, most importantly, how the ideas about man, animal and their relationships changed within the framework of animal turn. The new anthropology, which also includes the turn under discussion, inextricably links the concept of man with the concept of boundary, stating it as a necessary element for the constitution of the human self. As a part of a general philosophical trend to expand the discourse of the Other, animal turn suggests to consider the animal as a universal example of Otherness, which can not only coexist with a human, but also be an integral part of his self-perception. The article proposes to consider how the transition from the recognition of animals as \"also feeling\" was gradually made to the idea of maximum inclusiveness, openness and hospitality. It is also proposed to critically comprehend the new concept of man as a being who strives for maximum positive harmony with himself and the material world. As examples, the texts of the most famous representatives of animal turn are analyzed: P. Singer, T. Regan, J. Derrida, B. Massumi, P. Godfrey-Smith and V. Despre.","PeriodicalId":319029,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical anthropology","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131486673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Paul Ricoeur about Man 保罗·利科关于人类

Philosophical anthropology Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.21146/2414-3715-2021-7-1-6-23

P. Gurevich

引用次数: 0

The Philosopher’s plant: An Intellectual Herbarium (Herbarium Philosophicum (prologue), Plato’s Plane Tree (chapter 1)) 哲学家的植物:智慧的植物标本馆(《哲学植物标本馆》序言，柏拉图的梧桐树(第一章))

Philosophical anthropology Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.21146/2414-3715-2021-7-1-24-46

Майкл Мардер, Валентина Кулагина-Ярцева, Наталия Кротовская

{"title":"The Philosopher’s plant: An Intellectual Herbarium (Herbarium Philosophicum (prologue), Plato’s Plane Tree (chapter 1))","authors":"Майкл Мардер, Валентина Кулагина-Ярцева, Наталия Кротовская","doi":"10.21146/2414-3715-2021-7-1-24-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2414-3715-2021-7-1-24-46","url":null,"abstract":"Michael Marder, a well-known specialist in environmental philosophy and political theory, studied at universities in Canada and the United States, received a Ph. D. from the New School of Social Research in New York, and taught at the Universities of Georgetown, Saskatchewan, and Washington. He conducted research at the University of Lisbon and served as an associate professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh before becoming a research professor at the University of the Basque Country. M. Marder is a member of the editorial board of journal «Telos» (New York), as well as the editor of four book series: «Political Theory and Contemporary Philosophy», «Critical Plant Studies», «Future Perfect: Images of the Time to Come in Philosophy, Politics, and Cultural Studies» and «Palgrave Studies in Postmetaphysical Thought». Michael Marder works in the phenomenological tradition of continental philosophy. He is the author of books «Grafts: Writings on Plants» (2016), «The Chernobyl Herbarium: Fragments of an Exploded Consciousness» (2016), «Heidegger: Phenomenology, Ecology, Politics» (2018) и «Dump Philosophy: A Phenomenology of Devastation» (2020). Most of his philosophical works are focused on constructing a concept in which plants are viewed as beings with their own form of subjectivity. He is best known for the monograph «Plant-Thinking: A Philosophy of Vegetal Life» (2013). Marder's book «The Philosopher’s Plant (Intellectual Herbarium)» (2014), from which the prologue «Philosophical Herbarium» and the first chapter «Plato's Plane Tree» are taken for translation, is devoted to the relationship between philosophy and plants. The author believes that philosophy did not pay due attention to plants, and seeks to fill this gap. The book contains twelve stories, each of which relates a famous philosopher to a plant or flower (Plato’s Plane Tree, Avicenna’s Celery, Kant’s Tulip etc.), which, according to Marder, allows a deeper understanding of his philosophical ideas.","PeriodicalId":319029,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical anthropology","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127336893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Genius of the Artist through the Prism of His Models 从模特的棱镜看艺术家的天才

Philosophical anthropology Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.21146/2414-3715-2021-7-1-80-115

V. Maslov

{"title":"The Genius of the Artist through the Prism of His Models","authors":"V. Maslov","doi":"10.21146/2414-3715-2021-7-1-80-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2414-3715-2021-7-1-80-115","url":null,"abstract":"The essay, which consists of two parts, analyzes the female images of two great artists Botticelli and Picasso. The essay has the character of an art history study with memoir interweaves. In the first part, the author makes an attempt to decipher the genius of Botticelli using the technique of analyzing the prototype of the artist's heroine and comparing it with the image of a real woman, similar to the Botticelli model. The artist's genius is revealed through the type created by him, in a sense — invariant, of a beautiful woman, the spiritual and material image of which is repeated in reality. The energy of Botticelli's paintings, which is their secret, allowed the author to see in life a real copy of the artist's heroine. Using the archive of preserved personal letters of a beautiful lady, as if she descended from Botticelli's paintings “Spring” and “The Birth of Venus”, the author draws an analogy the epistolary legacy with cinema, when events are described not in strict chronological order, but rather individual important moments and experiences are highlighted and are scaled. According to the letters, the author reconstructs the character of his heroine and hypothetically transfers these character traits to the Botticelli model, about whose character there is almost no evidence left. The second part of the essay is inspired by a photograph of Picasso's wife Olga Khokhlova, preserved in the personal archive of the author's friends. The author embeds his story about the muse and the great love of Picasso and about his other paradoxical models in the circumstances of his personal life, in the situation of his youth, comparing the revolutionary changes in art at the beginning of the XX century with the moods of the representatives of the artistic intelligentsia of the 70s of the past century. The heroines of Picasso and the strange interweaving of the fate of the participants in the author's narrative represent the content of this part of the essay.","PeriodicalId":319029,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical anthropology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127377650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Philosophical Analysis of the Image of "Artificial Man" in Literary Works of the XIX-XX Centuries 十九至二十世纪文学作品中“人造人”形象的哲学分析

Philosophical anthropology Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.21146/2414-3715-2021-7-1-47-63

Daria Odinokaya

{"title":"Philosophical Analysis of the Image of \"Artificial Man\" in Literary Works of the XIX-XX Centuries","authors":"Daria Odinokaya","doi":"10.21146/2414-3715-2021-7-1-47-63","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2414-3715-2021-7-1-47-63","url":null,"abstract":"Thanks to the development of modern technologies, there is a feeling that the machine can do anything: write a pseudoscientific article, perform household chores, and remind us of important things. Questions arise: what can't the machine do? What does it mean to be human today? The article examines the versions of how the border between the human and non-human in a person is interpreted in fiction. Such variations of \"artificial man\" as golem, robot, and artificial intelligence are studied. Created from different materials and animated by different methods, these creatures reflect different ideas about who a person is. We propose two approaches to the idea of creating a \"man — artificial man\" — mythological and natural science, supported by posthumanist philosophy. The deanthropologizing tendency in literary works anticipates the logic of transhumanism. A person is reduced either to a biological datum (a set of genes, a game of hormones, neural connections), or to intelligence, competing with artificial intelligence and inevitably suffering defeat. The anthropological approach in works of art continues the mythological tradition. Man is thought of as a being endowed with consciousness, which is not reducible to the world. \"Artificial man\" is a double, an antipode, another, that is, absolutely different, in relation to which a person can establish his own identity.","PeriodicalId":319029,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical anthropology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133616379","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Merab Mamardashvili: the Author with His Voice and Act Merab Mamardashvili:用他的声音和行动的作家

Philosophical anthropology Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.21146/2414-3715-2021-7-1-205-223

E. Spirova

{"title":"Merab Mamardashvili: the Author with His Voice and Act","authors":"E. Spirova","doi":"10.21146/2414-3715-2021-7-1-205-223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21146/2414-3715-2021-7-1-205-223","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the approaches of outstanding Russian philosophers — V.A. Podoroga and S.A. Smirnov — to the philosophical works of Merab Konstantinovich Mamardashvili. Their two monographic studies, published in 2020, offer a perfectly unique view through the original authorial lenses of the philosophical ideas of M.K. Mamardashvili. Making special mention of the topological configuration of Mamardashvili’s thinking, his specific metaphoricalness, these authors, each in his own way, immerse the readers into the semantic space of his philosophy. V.A. Podoroga reveals the unique philosophical style of Mamardashvili built on free speech-thought in contrast to a written text, with its permanent desire to repeat what was said in order to receive a new impetus for the motion of thought, and with its invariable return to the starting point. S.A. Smirnov retraces Mamardashvili’s authorial act of utterance as an autobiographic one, restoring the navigation of the philosopher’s personality through his creation that appears as an organ-tool of understanding. The monographs are a significant contribution to comprehension of the Russian philosophical tradition of the 20th century.","PeriodicalId":319029,"journal":{"name":"Philosophical anthropology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123500870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From deception to gift (Application of interpersonal communication theories to anthropological analysis) 从欺骗到馈赠(人际交往理论在人类学分析中的应用)

Philosophical anthropology Pub Date : 2019-12-25 DOI: 10.21146/2414-3715-2019-5-2-49-61

I. Sitnikov

引用次数: 0

Philosophy of K. Marx in the Perception of an Existential Realist 从存在现实主义的角度看马克思哲学

Philosophical anthropology Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.21146/2414-3715-2018-4-2-24-50

A. Fatenkov

引用次数: 0

Antonius Trombetta within the Context of the Franciscan Tradition in Padua Antonius Trombetta在帕多瓦的方济会传统背景下

Philosophical anthropology Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.21146/2414-3715-2018-4-2-91-102

G. Vdovina

引用次数: 0

Nation 国家

Philosophical anthropology Pub Date : 2018-12-01 DOI: 10.21146/2414-3715-2018-4-2-103-116

K. Arshin

引用次数: 1