Quantum Beam Science最新文献_第10页

Effects of Beam Conditions in Ground Irradiation Tests on Degradation of Photovoltaic Characteristics of Space Solar Cells 地面辐射试验中光束条件对空间太阳能电池光伏特性退化的影响

IF 1.4

Quantum Beam Science Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.3390/QUBS5020015

M. Imaizumi, T. Ohshima, Y. Yuri, Kohtaku Suzuki, Yoshifumi Ito

引用次数: 4

Through-Thickness Microstructure Characterization in a Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Nuclear Reactor Primary Loop Pipe Using Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction 用飞行时间中子衍射表征离心铸造奥氏体不锈钢核反应堆主回路管的全厚显微结构

IF 1.4

Quantum Beam Science Pub Date : 2021-05-07 DOI: 10.3390/QUBS5020012

M. Schmitt, D. J. Savage, J. Wall, J. Yeager, Chanho Lee, S. Vogel

{"title":"Through-Thickness Microstructure Characterization in a Centrifugally Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Nuclear Reactor Primary Loop Pipe Using Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction","authors":"M. Schmitt, D. J. Savage, J. Wall, J. Yeager, Chanho Lee, S. Vogel","doi":"10.3390/QUBS5020012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/QUBS5020012","url":null,"abstract":"The US code of Federal Regulations mandates regular inspection of centrifugally cast austenitic stainless steel pipe, commonly used in primary cooling loops in light-water nuclear power plants. These pipes typically have a wall thickness of ~8 cm. Unfortunately, inspection using conventional ultrasonic techniques is not reliable as the microstructure strongly attenuates ultrasonic waves. Work is ongoing to simulate the behavior of acoustic waves in this microstructure and ultimately develop an acoustic inspection method for reactor inspections. In order to account for elastic anisotropy in the material, the texture in the steel was measured as a function of radial distance though the pipe wall. Experiments were conducted on two 10 × 12.7 × 80 mm radial sections of a cast pipe using neutron diffraction scans of 2 mm slices using the HIPPO time-of-flight neutron diffractometer at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE, Los Alamos, NM, USA). Strong textures dominated by a small number of austenite grains with their (100) direction aligned in the radial direction of the pipe were observed. ODF analysis indicated that up to 70% of the probed volume was occupied by just three single-grain orientations, consistent with grain sizes of almost 1 cm. Texture and phase fraction of both ferrite and austenite phases were measured along the length of the samples. These results will inform the development of a more robust diagnostic tool for regular inspection of this material.","PeriodicalId":31879,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Beam Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/QUBS5020012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43615952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiple Wavelengths Texture Measurement Using Angle Dispersive Neutron Diffraction at WOMBAT 利用角色散中子衍射测量袋熊多波长织构

IF 1.4

Quantum Beam Science Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.3390/QUBS5020011

Pingguang Xu, K. Liss

{"title":"Multiple Wavelengths Texture Measurement Using Angle Dispersive Neutron Diffraction at WOMBAT","authors":"Pingguang Xu, K. Liss","doi":"10.3390/QUBS5020011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/QUBS5020011","url":null,"abstract":"In contrast to conventional angle dispersive neutron diffractometers with a single-tube detector or a small-size linear position-sensitive detector, the WOMBAT diffractometer of the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) is equipped with a large-area curved position-sensitive detector, spanning 120° for the scattering angle 2θ and 15° for the azimuth η, respectively. Here, WOMBAT was employed in establishing a texture measurement environment for complex textured samples, through measuring neutron diffractograms at two selected wavelengths on a typical reference sample of martensite–austenite multilayered steel sheet. All neutron patterns were simultaneously Rietveld analyzed using the software, Materials Analysis Using Diffraction (MAUD). The shorter wavelength (λ1 = 1.54 Å, k1 = 4.08 Å−1) enabled collecting the martensite reflections α-110, α-200, α-211, α-220, α-310, and α-222, as well as the austenite peaks γ-111, γ-200, γ-220, γ-311, γ-222, and γ-331 simultaneously, by pre-setting the detector range to 2Θ = 30~150°. The longer wavelength (λ2 = 2.41 Å, k2 = 2.61 Å−1) enabled separating the overlapping strong martensite α-110 and austenite γ-111 Laue–Bragg interferences more reliably. Moreover, the detector panel division along the vertical direction has a good stereographic coverage in the azimuthal angle η,. Such a combination of multiple-wavelength neutron diffraction combined with simultaneous Rietveld texture analysis was confirmed as being very valuable for realizing high precision measurements for complex textured samples at an orientation distribution graticule of 5°, and in a much shorter beam time than the conventional angle dispersive method.","PeriodicalId":31879,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Beam Science","volume":"5 1","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/QUBS5020011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47582408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Large Molecular Cluster Formation from Liquid Materials and Its Application to ToF-SIMS 液体材料形成大分子团簇及其在ToF-SIMS中的应用

IF 1.4

Quantum Beam Science Pub Date : 2021-04-29 DOI: 10.3390/QUBS5020010

K. Moritani, Shogo Nagata, A. Tanaka, K. Goto, N. Inui

引用次数: 1

Desorption of Implanted Deuterium in Heavy Ion-Irradiated Zry-2 重离子辐照Zry-2中注入氘的解吸

IF 1.4

Quantum Beam Science Pub Date : 2021-04-26 DOI: 10.3390/QUBS5020009

Hideo Watanabe, Yoshiki Saita, Katsuhito Takahashi, K. Yasunaga

{"title":"Desorption of Implanted Deuterium in Heavy Ion-Irradiated Zry-2","authors":"Hideo Watanabe, Yoshiki Saita, Katsuhito Takahashi, K. Yasunaga","doi":"10.3390/QUBS5020009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/QUBS5020009","url":null,"abstract":"To understand the degradation behavior of light water reactor (LWR) fuel-cladding tubes under neutron irradiation, a detailed mechanism of hydrogen pickup related to the point defect formation (i.e., a-component and c-component dislocation loops) and to the dissolution of precipitates must be elucidated. In this study, 3.2 MeV Ni3+ ion irradiation was conducted on Zircaloy-2 samples at room temperature. Thermal desorption spectroscopy is used to evaluate the deuterium desorption with and without Ni3+ ion irradiation. A conventional transmission electron microscope and a spherical aberration-corrected high-resolution analytical electron microscope are used to observe the microstructure. The experimental results indicate that radiation-induced dislocation loops and hydrides form in Zircaloy-2 and act as major trapping sites at lower (400–600 °C) and higher (700–900 °C)-temperature regions, respectively. These results show that the detailed microstructural changes related to the hydrogen pickup at the defect sinks formed by irradiation are necessary for the degradation of LWR fuel-cladding tubes during operation.","PeriodicalId":31879,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Beam Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/QUBS5020009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44729278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Chromatic Change in Copper Oxide Layers Irradiated with Low Energy Ions 低能离子辐照氧化铜层的色度变化

IF 1.4

Quantum Beam Science Pub Date : 2021-02-03 DOI: 10.3390/QUBS5010007

Takuya Kobayashi, F. Nishiyama, K. Takahiro

引用次数: 1

In Situ Observation for Deformation-Induced Martensite Transformation during Tensile Deformation of SUS 304 Stainless Steel by Using Neutron Diffraction PART II: Transformation and Texture Formation Mechanisms 用中子衍射原位观察sus304不锈钢拉伸变形过程中变形诱发马氏体转变——第二部分:相变和织构形成机制

IF 1.4

Quantum Beam Science Pub Date : 2021-02-02 DOI: 10.3390/QUBS5010006

Y. Onuki, S. Sato

{"title":"In Situ Observation for Deformation-Induced Martensite Transformation during Tensile Deformation of SUS 304 Stainless Steel by Using Neutron Diffraction PART II: Transformation and Texture Formation Mechanisms","authors":"Y. Onuki, S. Sato","doi":"10.3390/QUBS5010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/QUBS5010006","url":null,"abstract":"Herein, the texture developments of γ austenite, ε martensite, and α’ martensite during the tensile deformation of SUS 304 stainless steel were observed by using the in situ neutron diffraction technique. Combined with the microstructure and local orientations measured by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), the mechanisms involved in the deformation-induced martensite transformation (DIMT) in the SUS 304 stainless steel were examined based on the neutron diffraction results. The results revealed that the ε martensite inherited the texture of the γ austenite, that is, their main components could be connected by Shoji–Nishiyama orientation relationship. The variant selection was qualitatively evaluated based on the Schmid factors of the {111}⟨2¯11⟩ slip systems. The results revealed that the ε→α’ transformation occurred easily in the steel sample. Consequently, the volume fraction of the α’ martensite phase observed by EBSD was higher than that observed by neutron diffraction. In addition, at a true strain of 0.42, a packet structure consisting of two α’ martensite variants was observed in the steel sample. However, the original orientation of the variants did not correspond to the main components in the γ or ε phases. This suggests that the two α’ martensite variants were transformed directly from the lost component of the γ matrix. These results indicate that the γ→ε→α’ DIMT was first activated in the steel sample, after which the γ→α’ DIMT was activated at the later stage of deformation.","PeriodicalId":31879,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Beam Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/QUBS5010006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42507276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Development of Pulsed TEM Equipped with Nitride Semiconductor Photocathode for High-Speed Observation and Material Nanofabrication 用于高速观测和材料纳米加工的氮化半导体光电阴极脉冲透射电镜的研制

IF 1.4

Quantum Beam Science Pub Date : 2021-02-01 DOI: 10.3390/QUBS5010005

H. Yasuda, T. Nishitani, S. Ichikawa, S. Hatanaka, Y. Honda, H. Amano

引用次数: 4

Self-Organized Nanostructures Generated on Metal Surfaces under Electron Irradiation 电子辐照下金属表面产生的自组织纳米结构

IF 1.4

Quantum Beam Science Pub Date : 2021-01-19 DOI: 10.3390/QUBS5010004

K. Niwase

{"title":"Self-Organized Nanostructures Generated on Metal Surfaces under Electron Irradiation","authors":"K. Niwase","doi":"10.3390/QUBS5010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/QUBS5010004","url":null,"abstract":"Irradiation of high-energy electrons can produce surface vacancies on the exit surface of thin foils by the sputtering of atoms. Although the sputtering randomly occurs in the area irradiated with an intense electron beam of several hundred nanometers in diameter, characteristic topographic features can appear under irradiation. This paper reviews a novel phenomenon on a self-organization of nanogrooves and nanoholes generated on the exit surface of thin metal foils irradiated with high doses of 360–1250 keV electrons. The phenomenon was discovered firstly for gold irradiated at temperatures about 100 K, which shows the formation of grooves and holes with widths between 1 and 2 nm. Irradiation along [001] produces grooves extending along [100] and [010], irradiation along [011] gives grooves along [100], whereas no clear grooves have been observed for [111] irradiations. By contrast, nanoholes, which may reach depths exceeding 20 nm, develop mainly along the beam direction. The formation of the nanostructures depends on the irradiation temperatures, exhibiting an existence of a critical temperature at about 240 K, above which the width significantly increases, and the density decreases. Nanostructures formed for silver, copper, nickel, and iron were also investigated. The self-organized process was discussed in terms of irradiation-induced effects.","PeriodicalId":31879,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Beam Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/QUBS5010004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43192256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

A Pulse-Multiplication Proposal for MIRACLES, the Neutron TOF-Backscattering Instrument at the European Spallation Source 欧洲散裂源中子tof后向散射仪miracle的脉冲倍增方案

IF 1.4

Quantum Beam Science Pub Date : 2021-01-14 DOI: 10.3390/QUBS5010002

F. J. Villacorta, H. Bordallo, M. Arai

{"title":"A Pulse-Multiplication Proposal for MIRACLES, the Neutron TOF-Backscattering Instrument at the European Spallation Source","authors":"F. J. Villacorta, H. Bordallo, M. Arai","doi":"10.3390/QUBS5010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/QUBS5010002","url":null,"abstract":"The fixed-energy window scan approach, for both elastic and inelastic modes, is a valuable tool to discriminate between motions activated when dynamical phase transitions occur in a sample as a function of time, temperature, pressure, electrical field or illumination. Considering that, on one hand, such variations can generate a weak signal, and on the other, high data throughput makes it possible to screen many samples during a beam time, pulse multiplication is an ideal strategy to optimize the intensity of the analyzed signal. To ensure this capability, a proposal for a future upgrade of MIRACLES, the neutron time-of-flight backscattering spectrometer at the European Spallation Source (ESS) under construction in Lund, is reported in this article. The concept for a new chopper layout relies on the extraction of several elastic pulses, ensuring an increase in the neutron total elastic intensity hitting the sample. This proposal can be extended to the inelastic counterpart. The premise is to maintain the original beamline layout without modification, either of the guide sections or of the current chopper layout of MIRACLES, thereby guaranteeing that minimal changes and impact will occur during the proposed upgrade. However, this also presents a significant challenge, namely, to achieve an efficient pulse multiplication within the width and the length of the guide and within the rising/decay time of the pulses. With the concept presented here, an increase in elastic intensity by a factor of 2.8 was obtained. This is analogous to performing elastic fixed window (EFW) measurements with an ESS source operating at 14 MW, widening considerably the performance capabilities of MIRACLES. The knowledge generated here is also valuable for the design of scientific instruments for the next generation of low-energy, accelerator-driven neutron sources.","PeriodicalId":31879,"journal":{"name":"Quantum Beam Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.3390/QUBS5010002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42525076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1