Volume 5: 26th Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference (DFMLC)最新文献

{"title":"Application of Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) to Software System Fault and Remaining Useful Life (RUL) Prediction","authors":"Mohammad Rubyet Islam, P. Sandborn","doi":"10.1115/detc2021-70508","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-70508","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) is an engineering discipline focused on predicting the point at which systems or components will no longer perform as intended. The prediction is often articulated as a Remaining Useful Life (RUL). RUL is an important decision-making tool for contingency mitigation, i.e., the prediction of an RUL (and its associated confidence) enables decisions to be made about how and when to maintain the system. PHM is generally applied to hardware systems in the electronics and non-electronics application domains. The application of PHM (and RUL) concepts has not been explored for application to software.\u0000 Today, software (SW) health management is confined to diagnostic assessments that identify problems, whereas prognostic assessment potentially indicates when in the future a problem will become detrimental to the operation of the system. Relevant areas such as SW defect prediction, SW reliability prediction, predictive maintenance of SW, SW degradation, and SW performance prediction, exist, but all represent static models, built upon historical data — none of which can calculate an RUL.\u0000 This paper addresses the application of PHM concepts to software systems for fault predictions and RUL estimation. Specifically, we wish to address how PHM can be used to make decisions for SW systems such as version update, module changes, rejuvenation, maintenance scheduling and abandonment.\u0000 This paper presents a method to prognostically and continuously predict the RUL of a SW system based on usage parameters (e.g., numbers and categories of releases) and multiple performance parameters (e.g., response time). The model is validated based on actual data (on performance parameters), generated by the test beds versus predicted data, generated by a predictive model. Statistical validation (regression validation) has been carried out as well. The test beds replicate and validate faults, collected from a real application, in a controlled and standard test (staging) environment. A case study based on publicly available data on faults and enhancement requests for the open-source Bugzilla application is presented. This case study demonstrates that PHM concepts can be applied to SW systems and RUL can be calculated to make decisions on software version update or upgrade, module changes, rejuvenation, maintenance schedule and total abandonment.","PeriodicalId":318534,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: 26th Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference (DFMLC)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132539879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viscous Friction Effect During the Process of Tightening and Loosening of Bolted Joints","authors":"Qingyuan Lin, Yong Zhao, Qingchao Sun, Kunyong Chen","doi":"10.1115/detc2021-68219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-68219","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Bolted connection is one of the most widely used mechanical connections because of its easiness of installation and disassembly. Research of bolted joints mainly focuses on two aspects: high precision tightening and improvement of anti-loosening performance. The under-head bearing friction coefficient and the thread friction coefficient are the two most important parameters that affect the tightening result of the bolted joint. They are also the most critical parameters that affect the anti-loosening performance of the bolted joint. Coulomb friction model is a commonly used model to describe under-head bearing friction and thread friction, which considers the friction coefficient as a constant independent of normal pressure and relative sliding velocity. In this paper, the viscous effect of the under-head bearing friction and thread friction is observed by measuring the friction coefficient of bolted joints. The value of the friction coefficient increases with the increase of the relative sliding velocity and the decrease of the normal pressure. It is found that the Coulomb viscous friction model can better describe the friction coefficient of bolted joints. Taking into account the dense friction effect, the loosening prediction model of bolted joints is modified. The experimental results show that the Coulomb viscous friction model can better describe the under-head bearing friction coefficient and thread friction coefficient. The model considering the dense effect can more accurately predict the loosening characteristics of bolted joints.","PeriodicalId":318534,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: 26th Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference (DFMLC)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127586272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of Support Structure Design for Additive Manufacturing at a Major OEM: a Case Study","authors":"Lucas M. Morand, J. Summers, G. Pataky","doi":"10.1115/detc2021-69818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-69818","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The support structures required in many forms of additive manufacturing are often seen as waste that is tolerated as necessary. In metal additive processes, cost is frequently reduced by minimizing the amount of support structures needed to produce a part so that in turn, material use is decreased. However, there still exists the challenge of generating parts that are not deformed by the stresses created in the process. In this case study, support structures were leveraged to address deformation. A part was printed via direct metal laser melting with supports with a high grouping density in areas of high anticipated deformation in order to stiffen the part to prevent deformation. Then, they were printed again with a low grouping density to allow the part to relax and reduce stress. Combinations of support strategy and leaving supports on during post processing were used to investigate the effects of keeping or removing the supports in post-print operations such as surface treatment. The two optimized support strategies saw a lower deformation than the baseline approach to supports, and the releasing strategy was closest to the reference solid model with a 26% reduction in average deformation. The results suggest that the support structures in additively manufactured parts have a different impact on the part than the original intent of the supports to simply alleviate a process requirement. The support structures should be used to impact the final part geometry.","PeriodicalId":318534,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: 26th Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference (DFMLC)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133416097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring a Temperature-Decreasing Shower Concept to Conserve Water and Energy","authors":"N. Saniei, E. Shibata, S. Lui, J. Magcalas, B. McPhee, S. Tariq, L. Shu","doi":"10.1115/detc2021-70671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-70671","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Climate change is threatening the availability, quality and quantity of water for basic human needs. In much of North America, showering is an activity that consumes significant water, as well as energy to heat the water. This study investigates the feasibility of an intervention that gradually decreases shower-water temperature to encourage shorter shower times, towards reduced water and energy usage.\u0000 The two parts of this work were performed over two academic years. The first part explored user acceptance in 23 study participants who underwent a shower while manually decreasing their own water temperature, as prescribed by a protocol. Immediately following the temperature-decreasing shower, participants were asked questions to assess their attitudes and willingness to use or install such a shower concept. Participants also completed questionnaires determining their regulatory focus and environmental attitudes, the effects of which on their attitudes about the shower concept are discussed.\u0000 Over 56% of participants were able to abide by the temperature-decreasing showering protocol. Out of 23 participants, only 3 found the temperature-decreasing shower experience to be negative, 12 were neutral, and the remaining 8 found the experience to be a positive one.\u0000 Given this result, the second part of the work implemented a microcontroller-based system that automatically controls shower temperature, pressure, and duration. This system is described and simulations are used to project the resource-saving potential of the concept.","PeriodicalId":318534,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: 26th Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference (DFMLC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114534413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Expensive More Environment Friendly? Comparative LCA of Three Home Appliances","authors":"M. Shaukat, Hammad Masood, N. Merah, F. Al-Badour","doi":"10.1115/detc2021-71249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-71249","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Due to rise in income and living standards in the developing world, there is a substantial growth in the use of home appliances. This growth is responsible for several environmental issues. Hence, there is a growing demand for energy efficient, environment friendly, and sustainable appliances. This study compares the environmental impacts of three home appliances using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Three irons of same power rating but with different prices (low, medium, and high) were selected for this study. First, energy consumption of these irons was measured and then they were disassembled to generate a detailed list of components, materials, and processes used to manufacture them. Next, LCA was conducted using SimaPro to compare the environmental impacts of these irons. Life cycle stages including material extraction, component manufacturing, assembly, distribution, and use were considered in LCA. Both ReCiPe mid-point and end-point environmental impacts were calculated. The results of this study showed that high-price iron was more environment friendly than the low-price iron.","PeriodicalId":318534,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: 26th Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference (DFMLC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124056812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deep Learning and Machine Learning Techniques to Classify Electrical and Electronic Equipment","authors":"Shuaizhou Hu, Xinyao Zhang, Hao-yu Liao, Xiao Liang, Minghui Zheng, S. Behdad","doi":"10.1115/detc2021-71403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-71403","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Remanufacturing sites often receive products with different brands, models, conditions, and quality levels. Proper sorting and classification of the waste stream is a primary step in efficiently recovering and handling used products. The correct classification is particularly crucial in future electronic waste (e-waste) management sites equipped with Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robotic technologies. Robots should be enabled with proper algorithms to recognize and classify products with different features and prepare them for assembly and disassembly tasks. In this study, two categories of Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) techniques are used to classify consumer electronics. ML models include Naïve Bayes with Bernoulli, Gaussian, Multinomial distributions, and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms with four kernels of Linear, Radial Basis Function (RBF), Polynomial, and Sigmoid. While DL models include VGG-16, GoogLeNet, Inception-v3, Inception-v4, and ResNet-50. The above-mentioned models are used to classify three laptop brands, including Apple, HP, and ThinkPad. First the Edge Histogram Descriptor (EHD) and Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) are used to extract features as inputs to ML models for classification. DL models use laptop images without pre-processing on feature extraction. The trained models are slightly overfitting due to the limited dataset and complexity of model parameters. Despite slight overfitting, the models can identify each brand. The findings prove that DL models outperform them of ML. Among DL models, GoogLeNet has the highest performance in identifying the laptop brands.","PeriodicalId":318534,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: 26th Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference (DFMLC)","volume":"358 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115876519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of Chatter Vibration Under End-Milling Process With a Wavelet Transform","authors":"Haruki Minetaka, Nobutoshi Ozaki, T. Hirogaki, E. Aoyama","doi":"10.1115/detc2021-68193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-68193","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this study, a new analysis method using a wavelet transform was considered to evaluate the chatter vibration generated during end milling. End milling often generates vibrations between the tool and work material, called chatter vibration, which causes deterioration of the finished surface and breakage of the tool. Therefore, countermeasures to detect chatter vibration at an early stage have been attempted in the past by using fast Fourier transform (FFT) and short-time Fourier transform (STFT) methods and monitoring the dynamic stability of the cutting process. However, the FFT analysis method assumes steady-state vibration, and the STFT method does not have sufficient frequency resolution. In contrast, the wavelet transform is excellent for analyzing non-stationary vibrations and has a high noise separation capability. To fully validate the analysis method, a groove was added to the machined surface, so that the cutting condition changed with time, and the cutting vibration under the condition where the disturbance was involuntary was analyzed. As a result, it was possible to identify minute fluctuations in chatter vibration, which could not be obtained using the STFT method.","PeriodicalId":318534,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: 26th Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference (DFMLC)","volume":"181 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122334521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A User-Centered Medical Device Design Decision Making Approach Using Hybrid Rough Cooperative Game Model","authors":"Liting Jing, Junfeng Ma","doi":"10.1115/detc2021-71293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2021-71293","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 With the advancement of new technologies and diverse customer-centered design requirements, the medical device design decision making becomes challenge. Incorporating multiple stakeholders’ requirements into the medical device design will significantly affect the market competitiveness and performance. The classic design decision making approaches mainly focused on design criteria priority determination and conceptual schemes evaluation, which lack the capacity of reflecting the interdependence of interest among stakeholders and capturing the ambiguous influence on the overall design expectations, leading to the unreliable decision making results. In order to relax these constraints in the medical device design, this paper incorporates rough set theory with cooperative game theory model to develop a novel user-centered design decision making framework. The proposed approach is composed of three components: 1) end/professional user needs identification and classification, 2) evaluation criteria correlation diagram and scheme value matrix establishment using rough set theory; and 3) fuzzy coalition utility model development to obtain optimal desirability considering users’ conflict interests. We used a blood pressure meter case study to demonstrate and validate the proposed approach. Compared with the traditional Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) approach, the proposed approach is more robust.","PeriodicalId":318534,"journal":{"name":"Volume 5: 26th Design for Manufacturing and the Life Cycle Conference (DFMLC)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122960037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}