MD-Onco最新文献

{"title":"Serrated colonic lesions. Current review","authors":"V. Vereshchak, I. N. Iurichev","doi":"10.17650/2782-3202-2023-3-1-30-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/2782-3202-2023-3-1-30-37","url":null,"abstract":"Serrated lesions, as a rule, were considered benign and were likened to hyperplastic polyps by anatomists and gastroenterologists. These views persisted until about 2010. However, recent data showed that serrated lesions can potentially transform into colorectal cancer (CRC). The World Health Organization classification identifies 4 categories of serrated lesions: hyperplastic polyps, sessile serrated lesions, traditional serrated adenoma and unclassified serrated adenomas. Sessile serrated lesions with dysplasia and traditional serrated adenomas are the most common precursors of CRC. Development of CRC from serrated lesions occurs through two different molecular pathways, namely, sporadic microsatellite instability and CpG island methylator phenotype, and the latter is considered the main mechanism inactivating serrated CRC pathway. In contrast to adenoma–carcinoma pathway, APC-inactivating mutations are rare in serrated adenomas.","PeriodicalId":318498,"journal":{"name":"MD-Onco","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124859362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algorithm of anemia correction in oncological patients","authors":"J. Chekini","doi":"10.17650/2782-3202-2023-3-1-68-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/2782-3202-2023-3-1-68-72","url":null,"abstract":"Anemia is one of the most frequent manifestations of oncological diseases and complications of cytotoxic chemotherapy. Development of this symptom is directly associated with decreased quality of life and possible stimulation of neoangiogenesis, increased tumor aggressiveness and decreased tumor sensitivity to chemotherapy and radiation. Current clinical trial data show decreased overall survival of patients with anemia. Modern methods of anemia correction in oncological diseases include exchange transfusion and administration of recombinant erythropoietins. Transfusion of erythrocyte-containing blood components allow to quickly replenish hemoglobin level, however there is risk of complications. A significant disadvantage of this method is short duration of the effect. Use of erythropoietins allows to reliably increase hemoglobin levels in 60–70 % of oncological patients with long-term effect. In recent years, use of erythropoietins in patients with oncological diseases became a topic of discussion due to possible negative effect on tumor through stimulation of erythropoietin receptors on neoplastic cells. This discussion led to recommendation of using erythropoietins only during chemotherapy in minimal doses.","PeriodicalId":318498,"journal":{"name":"MD-Onco","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114480161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perioperative pain management in opioid-dependent patient with chronic pain: Current approaches and hidden dangers. Clinical case","authors":"V. E. Gruzdev, M. A. Anisimov, E. Glukhov","doi":"10.17650/2782-3202-2023-3-1-38-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/2782-3202-2023-3-1-38-47","url":null,"abstract":"Severe chronic pain syndrome with high requirement for opioids is frequently complicated by opioid tolerance, hyperalgesia, and other side effects. Special complications occur during anesthesia for high-injury surgical interventions and in the postoperative period. Perioperative pain management in these patients requires planning, multimodal approach, combination methods, and prevention of complications including specific complications. This article describes a case of successful surgical treatment of pancreatic cancer in a patient with severe chronic pain syndrome, opioid tolerance, and hyperalgesia. Perioperative period was complicated by high requirement for epidural pain management and use of adjuvants, acute strangulating intestinal obstruction on day 6 of the postoperative period. The authors had to differentiate between pain syndrome and abstinence multiple times and encountered the problem of tachyphylaxis to local anesthetics. Due to thought-out and flexible system of combination multimodal pain management, pain syndrome was relieved, and the patient was discharged in satisfactory condition without the need for opioids.","PeriodicalId":318498,"journal":{"name":"MD-Onco","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125133199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful treatment of advanced purulent peritonitis. Clinical case","authors":"E. Glukhov, M. M. Davydov, A. A. Filatov, M. Shogenov, E. V. Dementieva","doi":"10.17650/2782-3202-2023-3-1-16-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/2782-3202-2023-3-1-16-21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":318498,"journal":{"name":"MD-Onco","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128400321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular genetic determinants of arterial thrombosis in patients with thoracoabdominal malignant tumors","authors":"A. A. Korolyova, S. Gerasimov, L. Lyubchenko","doi":"10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-4-46-55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-4-46-55","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Acute ischemic cerebral circulation disorder and myocardial infarction occupy one of the first places among the causes of postoperative mortality in patients with malignant tumors of thoracoabdominal localization. The issue of the role of molecular genetic factors of cardiovascular risk in the development of these complications has not been resolved at present.Objective. To analyze the effect of polymorphisms of hemostasis system genes on the development of coronary artery and cerebral artery thrombosis in patients with malignant tumors of thoracoabdominal localization.Materials and methods. The study included 163 patients operated in the Oncological Department of Surgical Methods of Treatment No. 11 (Thoracic Oncology) of the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology in 2018-2019. Two study groups consisted of patients with myocardial infarction (n = 62) and ischemic stroke (n = 24) in the perioperative period or in the anamnesis. The data of patients with a history of both myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke (n = 4) were taken into account in both groups. The control group (n = 81) included patients who had no severe concomitant cardiovascular pathology, including a family history. A molecular genetic study to determine polymorphisms of the genes of the hemostasis system was performed in the Laboratory of Clinical Oncogenetics of the N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology using the reagents “Cardiogenetics of Thrombophilia” (DNA Technology LLC, Russia; RU No. FSR 2010/08414 dated 11/22/2016).Results. In patients with malignant tumors of thoracoabdominal localization who have suffered a myocardial infarction, in comparison with patients without cardiovascular pathology, a statistically significant difference in the frequency of carriage of homozygous variants of the genes FGB (χ2 = 8.18, p = 0.005), ITGA2 (χ2 = 9.48, p = 0.003), PAI-1 (χ2 = 4.45, p = 0.035), heterozygous forms of genes F5 (χ2 = 4.0, p = 0.046), ITGA2 (χ2 = 14.72, p <0.001), ITGB3 (χ2 = 4.28, p = 0.039), as well as the total frequency of genetic aberrations in these genes. In the group of patients who suffered an ischemic stroke, a statistically significant difference was determined relative to the control group in the frequency of carriage of the heterozygous variant of the mutation in the F2 gene (χ2 = 6.881, p = 0.009), the homozygous form of the mutation of the ITGA2 gene (χ2 = 15.724, p <0.001), the heterozygous variant of the mutation in the ITGB3 gene (χ2 = 3.861, p = 0.05), as well as the total frequency of carrying mutations in these genes. The study did not obtain a significant difference in the studied and control groups with respect to the frequency of polymorphism carriers G/A of the F7 gene (coagulation factor VII) and G/T of the F13 gene (coagulation factor XIII) associated with a reduced risk of thrombotic conditions. In all patients who had a myocardial infarction, and in 91.7 % of cases, several procoagulant p","PeriodicalId":318498,"journal":{"name":"MD-Onco","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131456229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A case of combination treatment of femoral osteosarcoma","authors":"A. A. Filimonov, N. M. Kutakov, D. Chekini, E. M. Musaev, A. O. Akhov, A. G. Zhukov, O. L. Timofeeva, F. М. Abbasbeyli, Yu. E. Ryabukhina, P. A. Zeynalova, A. Fedenko, E. K. Ibragimov","doi":"10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-4-56-62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-4-56-62","url":null,"abstract":"Osteosarcomas are rare tumors with aggressive biology. It is important to refer such patients to a high-volume center, where an accurate diagnosis and optimal treatment are more likely to be performed. In contrast to Ewing's sarcoma, conventional osteosarcomas are believed to be generally resistant to radiation therapy, and the main treatment modalities are surgery and chemotherapy. In this clinical case, we demonstrate the efficacy of combined treatment of osteosarcoma of the femur.Preoperative chemotherapy allowed to evaluate tumor sensitivity to systemic treatment in vivo and optimize adjuvant treatment after R0 resection which allowed to achieve complete clinical response to treatment.","PeriodicalId":318498,"journal":{"name":"MD-Onco","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123131125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention of induced nausea and vomiting in patients with malignant blood disorders. Experience of using netupitant/palonosetron (Akynzeo)","authors":"Yu. E. Ryabukhina, P. A. Zeynalova, O. L. Timofeeva, F. М. Abbasbeyli","doi":"10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-4-71-77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-4-71-77","url":null,"abstract":"Supporting therapy is a necessary component of successful antitumor treatment in patients with both solid tumors and malignant blood disorders. Adherence to administration protocol for antiemetic drugs aimed at prevention of induced gastrointestinal complications (nausea and vomiting), allows to improve patients' quality of life and treatment compliance. Development of a combination antiemetic drug (netupitant/palonosetron) simultaneously affecting 2 main mechanisms of nausea and vomiting as well as its easy administration allowed to significantly improve control of these complications in patients with solid tumors and patients with malignant blood disorders.We present a literature review on the effectiveness of netupitant/palonosetron and describe our own experience of using this antiemetic drug for prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.","PeriodicalId":318498,"journal":{"name":"MD-Onco","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130597229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of transoral ultrasonography technique in tongue cancer: Advantages and disadvantages","authors":"G. Allakhverdieva, A. Mudunov, A. Batsev","doi":"10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-4-41-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-4-41-45","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To evaluate advantages and disadvantages of transoral ultrasonography (US) in tongue cancer.Materials and methods. US was performed in 165 patients between the ages of 15 and 85 years with malignant tumors of the mobile tongue (74 (44.9 %) women, 91 (55.1 %) men).Among 165 patients, 144 had primary tongue tumor. The study also included 21 (12.7 %) patients with recurrent tumor which clinically could be represented by a true recurrence (tumor development 6 months after the end of treatment) or by continued growth (tumor development less than 6 months after the end of treatment). The study included patients with tongue tumors Т1 - 50 (30.3 %) patients, Т2 - 78 (47.3 %) patients, Т3 - 16.4 % of patients, Т4 - 6.1 % of patients.Three types of approach to tongue tumor visualization were used: submandibular, transoral, and transbuccal with a standard linear transducer (4-9 MHz) and intraoperative linear transducer (5-14 MHz). In total in 165 patients with tongue tumors, 147 (89.1 %) transoral US, 86 (52.1 %) submandibular US and 25 (15.2 %) transbuccal US examinations were performed.Results. Among 165 patients, agreement between the sizes measured using US and histological examination was observed in 142 (86.1 %) patients taking into account 15 % error.With increasing tumor thickness and, correspondingly, T criterion, increased frequency of agreement between US data and histological data was observed. Thus, for T1 stage frequency of agreement with US data was observed in 61.8 % of cases, for Т2 stage in 81.1 % of cases, for Т3 stage in 93.8 %, and for Т4 stage agreement was observed in 100 % of cases.Frequency of agreement with histological data in evaluation of tongue tumor thickness for transoral approach was significantly higher than for submandibular approach (р = 0.014). Transoral technique was more accurate for measurement of thickness of primary tumors - 80.3 % of results agreed with histological examination, and for recurrences frequency of agreement was only 33.3 %. Submandibular approach for primary tumors showed accurate measurements only in 67.6 % of cases, in recurrent tumors in 58.3 % of cases. Transbuccal approach also showed higher measurement accuracy for tumor thickness in primary patients (70.0 %) compared to recurrent tumors (40.0 %).Conclusion. Use of transoral ultrasonography significantly improves clinical staging of tongue tumors at the preoperative stage.","PeriodicalId":318498,"journal":{"name":"MD-Onco","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121055000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare cause of mechanical jaundice. Clinical case","authors":"I. N. Iurichev, V. Vereshchak, I. V. Platitsyn","doi":"10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-4-63-70","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-4-63-70","url":null,"abstract":"Causes of mechanical jaundice are extremely varied and can be either malignant or benign. The main causes of malignant nature are cholangiocarcinoma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, while common benign causes of obstructive mechanical jaundice are choledocholithiasis and chronic pancreatitis. Rarer causes of this severe complication are not extensively described in literature.","PeriodicalId":318498,"journal":{"name":"MD-Onco","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124660860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giant perianal seborrheic keratosis as a manifestation of the Leser-Trelat syndrome","authors":"A. Rasulov, A. E. Kulikov, J. Madyarov, Z. Rasulov, L. A. Shestakova, A. G. Zhukov, Yu. E. Lvova, R. A. Rasulov","doi":"10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-4-27-33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17650/2782-3202-2022-2-4-27-33","url":null,"abstract":"Seborrheic keratosis is the most common benign tumor of the epidermis. Rarely the tumor develops in the perineal area and quite rarely is large. For the Leser-Trelat syndrome these tumors is a marker of a malignant disease even before the symptoms are appeared, as well as a manifestation of the paraneoplastic process. In our case report, a giant perianal seborrheic keratoma was the reason for the clinical examination of the patient and stomach cancer was detected. As a result, we demonstrated a successful experience of surgical treatment of seborrheic keratoma of the perianal area and determined an algorithm for the treatment of stomach cancer.","PeriodicalId":318498,"journal":{"name":"MD-Onco","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133841938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}