Animal Behavior and Cognition最新文献_第4页

What Counts as Evidence For or Against Vocal Culture in Humpback Whales? 什么是支持或反对座头鲸声音文化的证据?

Animal Behavior and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.26451/abc.09.02.05.2022

H. Lyn, E. Mercado

引用次数: 1

The Humpback’s New Songs: Diverse and Convergent Evidence Against Vocal Culture via Copying in Humpback Whales 座头鲸的新歌:通过在座头鲸中复制反对声乐文化的多样化和趋同证据

Animal Behavior and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.26451/abc.09.02.03.2022

E. Mercado

{"title":"The Humpback’s New Songs: Diverse and Convergent Evidence Against Vocal Culture via Copying in Humpback Whales","authors":"E. Mercado","doi":"10.26451/abc.09.02.03.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26451/abc.09.02.03.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Singing humpback whales constantly modify their songs over hours, days, months, and years, throughout their adult lives. Intriguingly, humpbacks appear to vary songs in concert, with most singers in a population producing similar songs at any given time. The convergent vocal dynamics of singing humpbacks have convinced many that songs are vocal customs, passed from singer to singer through vocal imitation. This interpretation has recently been challenged, however, by the discovery that singers not in acoustic contact may sing highly similar songs, and also appear to change their songs along similar trajectories. How could singers that cannot hear each other culturally conform? Here, it is argued that the changes humpback whales make to songs are inconsistent with either communal copying or competitive improvisation. Instead, singers apar to be continuously morphing the acoustic properties of songs in predictable ways both within and across songs, even in the absence of cross-population interactions. There is no direct evidence that singing humpback whales learn songs by copying other singers. The fact that groups of singers change songs in similar ways is not evidence of vocal imitation, cultural transmission, or cultural evolution. So called “cultural revolutions” in humpback whale songs, which have been touted as the clearest and most impressive evidence of culture in any nonhuman animal, actually provide evidence against vocal culture in humpback whales. Vocal complexity and convergence can arise through mechanisms other than cultural transmission via vocal imitation, and in the case of humpback whales, genetic predispositions and ecological conditions may be more relevant to determining how singers collectively change songs over time.","PeriodicalId":31700,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82339638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Do Chimpanzees Predict Others’ Behavior by Simulating Their Beliefs? 黑猩猩是否通过模仿他人的信念来预测他人的行为?

Animal Behavior and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.26451/abc.09.02.01.2022

Robert Lurz, C. Krachun, M. C. Mareno, W. Hopkins

{"title":"Do Chimpanzees Predict Others’ Behavior by Simulating Their Beliefs?","authors":"Robert Lurz, C. Krachun, M. C. Mareno, W. Hopkins","doi":"10.26451/abc.09.02.01.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26451/abc.09.02.01.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies have shown that great apes predict that other agents will search for objects of interest where the agents believe the objects are hidden. Little is understood about the cognitive process that apes undergo to make such predictions. According to prevailing models, great apes make such predictions by metarepresenting others’ beliefs or perceptual states. We investigated the simpler simulation model. In this model, apes predict where other agents will search for objects of interest by simulating believing what another agent believes about the location of the object. The simulation model predicts that simulating what another believes should manifest in altercentric biasing effects, such as behaving as if one shares another’s belief in cases where the other’s belief is false. We tested this by giving chimpanzees a novel search paradigm embedded in a change-of-location false-belief test and measured where they searched for a grape that they witnessed moved from its original location to a new location. In true-belief trials, chimpanzees were presented with an agent who knew (as they did) that the grape was hidden in the new location; in false-belief trials, the agent falsely believed the grape was still hidden in the original location while the chimpanzee knew it was hidden in the new location. As predicted by the simulation model, chimpanzees searched for the grape closer to its original location than to its new location in significantly more false-belief trials than true-belief trials. Results suggest that chimpanzees show a signature altercentric biasing effect of simulating believing what others believe and may use simulation, rather than metarepresentation, to predict where others will search for objects of interest.","PeriodicalId":31700,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90604620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Does a Notion of Weight Mean to Chimpanzees? 体重的概念对黑猩猩意味着什么?

Animal Behavior and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.26451/abc.09.02.07.2022

C. Boesch

{"title":"What Does a Notion of Weight Mean to Chimpanzees?","authors":"C. Boesch","doi":"10.26451/abc.09.02.07.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26451/abc.09.02.07.2022","url":null,"abstract":"How to best understand how animals think about the world? Considering that cognition develops in interactions with the outside world, we need to compare the cognitive performance of individuals of the same species living under different ecological conditions. I propose here to compare the notion of weight studied in captive chimpanzees to the ones observed in a wild chimpanzee population that is using hammers of different weights to crack nuts during many months of the year. Detailing different situations where the chimpanzees have to select a hammer for cracking two species of nuts of different hardness, my colleagues and I could illustrate the flexibility of the causal reasoning performed by the chimpanzees, including stable anticipation of weight, combining weight with density and transport distance, and the gradual shift of selection criteria with increasing transport distance. Combined with results from captive studies on the notion of weight in chimpanzees, this suggests that when individuals face specific ecological challenges, they may acquire sophisticated causal reasoning generalized over different contexts. The evolution of cognition in chimpanzees suggests a complex interplay with ecology, memory demands, individual differences, and technical challenges important to the population.","PeriodicalId":31700,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82467594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Accepting the Povinelli-Henley Challenge 接受Povinelli-Henley挑战

Animal Behavior and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.26451/abc.09.02.08.2022

Nancy Salay

引用次数: 0

Cultural Confusion: Parsimony, Social Learning, and Humpback Whales 文化困惑:节俭、社会学习和座头鲸

Animal Behavior and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.26451/abc.09.02.04.2022

H. Lyn

引用次数: 2

Great Tits Chosen for Greatness Makes Them Representative: A commentary on Farrar et al.'s "Replications, Comparisons, Sampling and the Problem of Representativeness in Animal Cognition Research" 选择伟大的山雀使它们具有代表性——评Farrar等人的《动物认知研究中的复制、比较、抽样和代表性问题》

Animal Behavior and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-05-01 DOI: 10.26451/abc.09.02.06.2022

Emil Isaksson, A. U. Urhan, A. Brodin

{"title":"Great Tits Chosen for Greatness Makes Them Representative: A commentary on Farrar et al.'s \"Replications, Comparisons, Sampling and the Problem of Representativeness in Animal Cognition Research\"","authors":"Emil Isaksson, A. U. Urhan, A. Brodin","doi":"10.26451/abc.09.02.06.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26451/abc.09.02.06.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of animal cognition struggle frequently with the question of how representative results from small samples are for a species. A recent article by Farrar et al. (2021), in this journal, highlights some of the major problems and suggests some solutions to these with cautionary examples drawn from the animal cognition literature. One such example comes from a study of inhibitory control in the great tit, Parus major, by the authors of this commentary. Although we recognize, and agree, that there are issues regarding representativeness in studies of animal cognition, we disagree with the use of our inhibitory control study as a cautionary example. Here, we explain why we think that our study is representative of Great tit inhibitory control. In fact, some of our arguments as to why our study is representative are in agreement with suggestions by Farrar et al (2021), e.g., comparing individuals with different levels of previous experiences in the cognitive paradigm under investigation. Moreover, we also add to Farrar et al.’s (2021) conclusion on how to approach studies with ambiguous representativeness by highlighting the importance of recognizing and discussing methodological differences in studies of cognitive ability. In summary, we do not argue against the valid points laid out by Farrar et al (2021), but discuss important nuances of the representativeness issue to also consider and, most importantly, add an additional point of scrutiny to account for in comparative animal cognition research.","PeriodicalId":31700,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91396802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Characteristics of social relationships in a group of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in the elephant village in Thailand 泰国大象村一群圈养亚洲象的社会关系特征

Animal Behavior and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.26451/abc.09.01.08.2022

Saki Yasui, G. Idani

{"title":"Characteristics of social relationships in a group of captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in the elephant village in Thailand","authors":"Saki Yasui, G. Idani","doi":"10.26451/abc.09.01.08.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26451/abc.09.01.08.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Wild Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) form complex fission–fusion societies centered on matrilineal groups. In captivity, unrelated females remain in the same group and create social relationships. To better understand well-being in captivity, it is important to investigate the social relationships between females. However, to date, little information is available on this topic. The goal of this study was to clarify the social relationships between captive female Asian elephants using social network analysis. Our subjects were 13 captive Asian elephants at the Elephant Study Center in Surin Province, Thailand. We investigated variations in the frequencies of affiliative behaviors between dyads. Individuals that stayed in the group longer tended to play a more central role in terms of group member connections. We found that two individuals played an important role in strengthening connections, and that their removal influenced group cohesion. Our results revealed that individuals that stayed in the group long-term and that had existing relationships with others in the group tended to build better social connections, regardless of their age. In addition, the existence of some young individuals that show frequent affiliative behaviors may be important for bond strength and therefore, overall group cohesion.","PeriodicalId":31700,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84145405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are the more flexible individuals also better at inhibition? 更灵活的人是否也更善于抑制?

Animal Behavior and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.26451/abc.09.01.03.2022

C. Logan, Kelsey B. McCune, M. MacPherson, Z. Johnson-Ulrich, C. Rowney, Benjamin M. Seitz, A. Blaisdell, Dominik Deffner, C. Wascher

{"title":"Are the more flexible individuals also better at inhibition?","authors":"C. Logan, Kelsey B. McCune, M. MacPherson, Z. Johnson-Ulrich, C. Rowney, Benjamin M. Seitz, A. Blaisdell, Dominik Deffner, C. Wascher","doi":"10.26451/abc.09.01.03.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26451/abc.09.01.03.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Behavioral flexibility should, theoretically, be positively related to behavioral inhibition because one should need to inhibit a previously learned behavior to change their behavior when the task changes (flexibility). However, several investigations show no or mixed support of this hypothesis, which challenges the assumption that inhibition is involved in making flexible decisions. We tested the hypothesis that flexibility (reversal learning and solution switching on a multi-access box by Logan et al., 2022) is associated with inhibition (go/no go on a touchscreen and detour) by measuring all variables in the same individuals. Because touchscreen experiments had never been conducted in this species, we validated that they are functional for wild-caught grackles who learned to use it and completed go/no go on it. Performance on go/no go and detour tasks did not correlate, indicating they did not measure the same trait. Individuals who were faster to reverse took more time to attempt a new option on the multi-access box and were either faster or slower at go/no go depending on whether one individual, Taquito (accidentally tested beyond 200 trial cap), was included in the GLM. While the relationship between trials to reverse and trials to pass go/no go was strongly influenced by Taquito, the more comprehensive Bayesian flexibility model supported the positive relationship irrespective of whether Taquito was included. Performance on detour did not correlate with either flexibility measure, suggesting that they may measure separate traits. We conclude that flexibility is associated with certain types of inhibition, but not others, in great-tailed grackles.","PeriodicalId":31700,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81386160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Social network-proximity association: Preliminary evaluation of giraffe sociality in a zoo-housed group 社会网络邻近关联:动物园长颈鹿群体社会性的初步评价

Animal Behavior and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.26451/abc.09.01.07.2022

C. Grasso, Giorgia Poso, C. Lenzi

{"title":"Social network-proximity association: Preliminary evaluation of giraffe sociality in a zoo-housed group","authors":"C. Grasso, Giorgia Poso, C. Lenzi","doi":"10.26451/abc.09.01.07.2022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26451/abc.09.01.07.2022","url":null,"abstract":"Giraffes (Giraffa camelopardalis) are found in zoos all over the world. In recent years, numerous researchers have documented complex sociality in these mammals. They highlighted that giraffes have non-random preferences in their choices of social partners, which can depend on various factors such as age, sex, and kinship. One of the still little-known aspects is how the social structure of giraffes is formed in captivity. Moreover, the scientific literature about some aspects of the social structure of giraffes in captivity (i.e., proximity or affiliative interactions) is scarce. Our hypothesis was that there would be an association between the social network, based on affiliative reciprocal interactions, and physical proximity within a group of six giraffes (5 females and 1 male) living in a zoo. To test this hypothesis, in addition to the ethological observations, we also used a Geographical Information System (GIS) to study the position of the individuals within the daytime installation. Most of the giraffes had a high number of mutual dyadic interactions, which is connected to high group cohesion. Also, each individual actively selected social partners and formed non-random social bonds. Nevertheless, our hypothesis that there would be a social network–physical proximity association, was confirmed for one dyad and partially confirmed for the other two. The results of this study can be useful to increase the knowledge of giraffe sociality and to develop GIS as a new application in zoo studies.","PeriodicalId":31700,"journal":{"name":"Animal Behavior and Cognition","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77850097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1