Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences Forensic Medicine最新文献_第2页

Digital Environments and the Provisions of Theft under Islamic Law 数字环境与伊斯兰法律下的盗窃规定

Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences Forensic Medicine Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.26735/16586794.2019.019

M. Khaled

引用次数: 0

A Study of Palatal Rugae Patterns and Maxillary Inter-Canine Distance in a Jordanian Population Sample 约旦人口样本中腭纹型和上颌犬科间距离的研究

Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences Forensic Medicine Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.26735/16586794.2019.007

Asmaa S. El-Banna, Medyan Al-Rousan, G. Abu-Sheasha

{"title":"A Study of Palatal Rugae Patterns and Maxillary Inter-Canine Distance in a Jordanian Population Sample","authors":"Asmaa S. El-Banna, Medyan Al-Rousan, G. Abu-Sheasha","doi":"10.26735/16586794.2019.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26735/16586794.2019.007","url":null,"abstract":"The study of palatal rugae has an important role in establishing personal identity and facilitating population identification. The current work analyzed the pattern of palatal rugae among an adult Jordanian population and searched for any gender differences. A total of 100 random dental casts were included in this study. Number and pattern of palatal rugae regarding length, shape, direction, and unification of rugae were identified. In addition, measurement of maxillary intercanine widths (MIW) using digital Vernier caliper was done. Palatal rugae on the right side outnumbered those on the left side. Males had more rugae in general than females. The commonest rugae in both sexes were serpiginous. Primary and forward rugae showed the highest frequency. A diverging form of unification was more prevalent than a converging form. Apart from a total number of convergent, divergent and secondary rugae, the total number of other rugae differs significantly between males and females. The study showed characteristics of palatal rugae in a Jordanian population which could be gender specific, facilitating their identification. It revealed the presence of sexual dimorphism, and sex can be predicted using either logistic regression equation or CART model.","PeriodicalId":31692,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences Forensic Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90714412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Anticoagulant Rodenticides Poisonings in Humans and Animals – Short Review 人类和动物的抗凝血灭鼠剂中毒-简要综述

Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences Forensic Medicine Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.26735/16586794.2019.012

M. Zawadzki, P. Szpot

引用次数: 0

Forensic Analysis of Gel Pen Inks using Hyperspectral Imaging coupled with Chemometric Procedures 使用高光谱成像和化学计量程序对凝胶笔墨水进行法医分析

Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences Forensic Medicine Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.26735/16586794.2019.004

Muhammad Naeim Mohamad Asri, N. M. Noor, W. N. S. M. Desa, D. Ismail

{"title":"Forensic Analysis of Gel Pen Inks using Hyperspectral Imaging coupled with Chemometric Procedures","authors":"Muhammad Naeim Mohamad Asri, N. M. Noor, W. N. S. M. Desa, D. Ismail","doi":"10.26735/16586794.2019.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26735/16586794.2019.004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Forensic examination of inks on questioned documents has become an important practice and the law enforcement agencies rely heavily on these techniques during criminal investigations. Although nowadays there are a variety of methodologies focused on the analysis of inks, the combination of non-destructive nature of Hyperspectral Imaging (HSI) coupled with the multivariate chemometric technique has received little attention. In this study, forty-five (n = 45) gel pen inks of three different colours i.e. blue, red and black of five different brands were analysed using HSI with the idea of classifying them according to the brand. In terms of discriminating similar coloured components between samples, this was achievable only on the basis of the % reflectance spectra. However, arguably, there was sufficient evidence to suggest that it may be possible to discriminate the samples using chemometric of Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A 2-D score plot from PCA analysis was enough to characterise the samples into five clusters. The synergy of complementary information provided by PCA narrows matching possibilities (in terms of classification) for forensic investigations involving ink analysis.","PeriodicalId":31692,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences Forensic Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85342517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The Ameliorative Effect of Green Tea, Garlic and Vitamin C on Arsenic Toxicity in Male Mice: Biochemical and Histological Forensic Perspectives 绿茶、大蒜和维生素C对雄性小鼠砷中毒的改善作用:生化和组织学法医观点

Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences Forensic Medicine Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.26735/16586794.2019.001

S. Amer, Yousif A. A. Al Zahrani, M. Al-harbi

{"title":"The Ameliorative Effect of Green Tea, Garlic and Vitamin C on Arsenic Toxicity in Male Mice: Biochemical and Histological Forensic Perspectives","authors":"S. Amer, Yousif A. A. Al Zahrani, M. Al-harbi","doi":"10.26735/16586794.2019.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26735/16586794.2019.001","url":null,"abstract":"Arsenic is a heavy metal with toxic effects on human health and is widely found in the environment. It is used in suicides and, hence, acquires forensic impact. Sixty adult male albino mice weighing 30-40 g were subjected to a sub-lethal dose of sodium arsenate (40 mg/kg body weight) to investigate hematological, biochemical and histopathological alterations in liver and kidney. The mice were also co-treated with green tea, garlic and vitamin C to reveal the protective role of these herbal and synthetic antioxidants. Arsenic induced significant declines in all blood parameters, while green tea, garlic and vitamin C ameliorated these affected hematological parameters. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) were significantly increased in the sodium arsenate treated group, while green tea, garlic and vitamin C ameliorated these increases in enzyme levels. Creatinine and urea were significantly increased in arsenic treated mice. These renal parameters become normal in mice co-treated with green tea, garlic and vitamin C. Arsenate-treated mice showed venous congestion, sinusoidal dilatation, mononuclear cell infiltration and periportal fibrosis in liver sections. Kidney samples from the same group revealed interstitial hemorrhages, mononuclear cell infiltration, glomerulonephritis and proximal tubular necrosis. Hepato-renal injuries were greatly reduced, particularly in animals that received both green tea and garlic. The herbs used have a potential for ameliorating and protecting against the hepato-renal toxicity caused by arsenic and need further studies. This study revealed the possibility of using liver and kidney as indicators to ascertain arsenic poisoning in forensic caseworks","PeriodicalId":31692,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences Forensic Medicine","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77291374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Ear Prints and their impact as Criminal Evidence 耳印及其作为犯罪证据的影响

Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences Forensic Medicine Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.26735/16586794.2019.020

Mashaallah O. ALzwae

{"title":"Ear Prints and their impact as Criminal Evidence","authors":"Mashaallah O. ALzwae","doi":"10.26735/16586794.2019.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26735/16586794.2019.020","url":null,"abstract":"Crime has developed as a result of scientific and technological progress. Because of this development, it can be impossible to identify the perpetrators by traditional means of proof. Traditional means of proof lack the necessary means to identify the offender as a result of them using modern methods to commit their crimes. Criminal justice systems have relied upon modern criminal investigation techniques such as ear prints in identifying perpetrators. However, the use of such techniques as criminal evidence raises problems as to the accuracy of the identity of the individual and may prejudice human rights guaranteed by the constitution. In this study, we attempted to identify the role of ear prints as evidence and their evidential weight before the criminal courts, and the reliability of them as evidence before the criminal judge in various crimes. The study revealed that there is no law regulating the use of ear prints as criminal evidence. There is also a lack of agreement among specialists on the accuracy of their results, which did not reach 100%. This works in favor of the accused, based on the principle that he is innocent until proven guilty. This also shows that ear prints alone cannot be used to prove guilt, because they do not provide certain and clear proof; any conviction must be based on certainty. They need to be supported by other means of proof. However, ear prints are suitable for acquittal or recognition of victims of crime or unknown persons in the event of disasters or newborns, etc. Ear prints are not suitable as criminal evidence in crimes with prescribed Islamic sharia punishments, because they contravene the rules of proving guilt prescribed in Islamic law.","PeriodicalId":31692,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences Forensic Medicine","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78858048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Rare Case of Cerebral Hemangioblastoma Mimicking as Anterior Choroid Plexus Cyst 脑血管母细胞瘤模拟前脉络丛囊肿1例

Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences Forensic Medicine Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.26735/16586794.2019.015

Somnath Das, R. Das, S. Dasgupta, C. Jha

引用次数: 0

Application of Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2018 for Identifying the Source of HP® Color Laser Printouts 应用Adobe®Photoshop®CC 2018识别HP®彩色激光打印输出的来源

Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences Forensic Medicine Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.26735/16586794.2019.002

A. S. Salim, Asmaa A. Abdall

{"title":"Application of Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2018 for Identifying the Source of HP® Color Laser Printouts","authors":"A. S. Salim, Asmaa A. Abdall","doi":"10.26735/16586794.2019.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26735/16586794.2019.002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In today’s digital world, printer forensics is one of the most important disciplines to reveal the authenticity of printed documents and track criminals. Digital steganography is an advanced approach to secure color laser printing processes, but it cannot be applied to monochrome laser printers. Therefore, the identity of the machine used to print color questioned documents provides a valuable means for detecting forgery crimes in digital forensic labs and law enforcement agencies. Based on this, we introduced a new forensic method that unveils the steganography (hidden information) embedded in color laser printouts via an adopted preset in Adobe® Photoshop® CC 2018. This forensic tool can be applied as a nondestructive and indirect tool for image processing. In the present work, printing, scanning, extraction, and measurements for the embedded tracking dots of candidate color laser printouts were conducted. Thirty-five HP® color laser printers were selected with different and same models with different serial numbers and used to print a hundred color laser printouts. The defined coded dots matrix patterns that characterized the color laser machines of the HP® brand could clearly be determined. Therefore, this procedure could successfully be applied to distinguish between various color laser printouts printed by HP® printers with a variant serial number in digital forensic labs with a conclusive accuracy ratio attained to one hundred percent.","PeriodicalId":31692,"journal":{"name":"Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences Forensic Medicine","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77813277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

What does a Forensic Linguist Really Do? A Close Reading of three Cases of Authorship 法律语言学家到底做什么?三个作者身份案例细读

Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences Forensic Medicine Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.26735/16586794.2019.021

Antar Abdellah

引用次数: 0

Criminal Legality of Fingerprints and DNA 指纹和DNA的刑事合法性

Arab Journal of Forensic Sciences Forensic Medicine Pub Date : 2019-05-23 DOI: 10.26735/16586794.2019.018

Younes Nafid

引用次数: 0