Birat Journal of Health Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Outcome of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation with Interlocking Intra-Medullary Nail in the Treatment of Fracture of Shaft of Femur without Fluoroscopy","authors":"S. Sah, Ram Kumar Yadav, Shilabant Sen Shrivastav, S. C. Jha, Y. R. Kharel, N. Karn, Shivam Karn, Praveen Jha","doi":"10.3126/bjhs.v8i2.59850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v8i2.59850","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Femoral shaft fractures are among the common fractures generally managed by close reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) with interlocking intramedullary nailing (ILIMN) as the nail provides the rotational as well as longitudinal stability along with good clinical and functional outcomes but requiring fluoroscopy guidance. Also, in delayed cases, the close reduction might not be possible intimidating the need of open reduction. Objective: To assess the clinical outcome of the treatment from Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) technique as well as placement tricks of locking screws in the absence of a traction table and fluoroscopy. Methodology: Fourteen cases of close femur fractures with transverse and oblique type in the middle 1/3 shaft coming to Koshi Hospital, Nepal, from June 2019 to December 2021 were included in this study. All patients were treated with ORIF with ILIMN technique without the use of a traction table and fluoroscopy.  Data collection included demography, mechanism of injury, mobilization time, union rate, infection, and complication. The study was also designed to evaluate the method of our technique which could be helpful in case of dysfunction of fluoroscopy during intra-operative of CRIF in a resource-limited setting. Results: The average age of patients was 39.86±14.93, the average hospital stay duration was 12 ± 8.60 days, full weight-bearing walking was around 11.64 ± 3.15 weeks and the average union time was observed to be 14.54 ± 3.36 weeks. Conclusion: This technique was successful with an efficient duration of the surgery and satisfactory results in early mobilization and fracture union time. Thus, concluding it to be a safe procedure in situations like old fracture (more than 3 weeks), pelvic injury with urethral injury, lack of traction table, and dysfunction of fluoroscopy.","PeriodicalId":31640,"journal":{"name":"Birat Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139230931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross Sectional study to evaluate Psychosocial impact of Covid 19 among medical students of BMCTH","authors":"P. Guragain, Aarju Niraula, T. Kafle, Baby Kumari Bhagat, Hulas Agarwal","doi":"10.3126/bjhs.v8i2.59852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v8i2.59852","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: COVID-19, a profoundly contagious viral disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has had a devastating impact globally, leading to over 6 million fatalities worldwide. Covid 19 caused isolation, anxiety, grief, economic stress, and disrupted routines, leading to mental struggles, strained relationships, and increased demand for mental health services globally. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to find out psychosocial impact of covid 19 among medical students of BMCTH and to assess the factors associated with psychosocial impact of covid 19. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out among all medical students of Birat medical college teaching hospital from August, 2022 to January 2023. Data was collected from 258 eligible participants using GHQ12 questionnaire. Chi-square test was applied for assessing association between dependent and independent variables and binary logistic regression analysis was used to find the determinants. Results: Present study was conducted among 258 medical students. Among them 43.0% had normal psychological status, 27.5% were in borderline 15.5% showed evidence of psychological distress and 14.0% were experiencing severe psychological distress. Bivariate analysis between socio-demographic characteristics and psychosocial status showed gender, work overload, work hours in covid ward, exposure to false covid information and covid quarantine were significantly associated with psychological distress at p- value < 0.05. Further important  variables were run for multivariate analysis which revealed age (B=3.46, CI:1.45-8.23  and P=0.005), gender (B=3.20, CI: 1.61-6.37  and P=0.001) and work overload (B=9.63, CI: 4.32-21.49  and P=0.000) were found as significant predictors/determinants of psychological distress. Age greater than 24 years, female gender and higher work load were significantly associated with psychological distress. Conclusion: The psychological distress among the medical students due to covid 19 was in appalling situation. The study found age >24 years, female gender and higher workload were the predictor of the psychological distress Integrated efforts from medical college, parents, peers and faculties are to be initiated to address the existing problems.","PeriodicalId":31640,"journal":{"name":"Birat Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"357 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139231796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of Serum Vitamin D Level and its association with Rheumatoid Arthritis, A prospective study at eastern region of Nepal.","authors":"M. Gupta, Pradeep Kumar Gupta, Rajan Panthee","doi":"10.3126/bjhs.v8i2.59858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v8i2.59858","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by synovitis. The etiology and pathogenesis of RA remain obscure and many factors may be associated with its pathogenesis. Recent findings support that low levels of serum Vitamin D is associated with an increased risk for the development of RA. Recently, the role of vitamin D deficiency in the pathogenesis of RA, as well as the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the activity of RA has also been an area of interest for many researchers. Objectives: The objectives of this study is to analyse the vitamin D levels in RA patients and investigate the association between the serum levels of vitamin D and disease activity of RA patients from Eastern region of Nepal. Methodology: A prospective study was conducted at Birat Medical college teaching hospital, Tankisinwari from September 2022 to August 2023. A total of 150 patients, after fulfilling exclusion and inclusion criteria were enrolled with convenience sampling technique. A control group (n=97) of patients were also enrolled for comparison. After collection of all data, ANOVA test was used to compare continuous variables between control and vitamin D groups. Results: Vitamin D deficiency was found in 35 patients (23.3%), Vitamin D insufficiency found in 94 patients (62.6%), and is normal in only 21 patients (14%). Also patients with RA had significantly lower vitamin D levels in comparison to patients with control activity.  The difference between these two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our study finds a significant inverse relationship between blood vitamin D levels and RA activity. However, due to the small number of patients included in the current study, further research with a larger sample size is needed to gain a better understanding of the relationship between RA activity and vitamin D.","PeriodicalId":31640,"journal":{"name":"Birat Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Covid-19 and Associated Co-Morbidities at a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Nepal","authors":"Randhir Kumar Singh, Bijoy Lakshmi Dewasy Singh, Ram Kumar Mehta, Santosh Kumar Deo","doi":"10.3126/bjhs.v8i2.59849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v8i2.59849","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: COVID-19 (coronavirus disease) manifests as asymptomatic, mild, or severe pneumonia-like symptoms. COVID-19 patients with diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease (CVD), hypertension, malignancies, HIV, and other comorbidities could develop a life-threatening condition. Objectives: To identify the various comorbid illnesses in COVID-19-positive patients along with its baseline characteristics in a tertiary hospital in eastern Nepal. Methodology: A one-month observational study carried out in RT-PCR positive COVID-19 patients in Birat Medical College and Hospital (BMCTH) Molecular Laboratory from June to July 2021. All the data was entered in a pre-structured proforma. The data was then further entered and analyzed by using Microsoft Excel 2014. Result: There were 354 (22.77%) RT-PCR positive COVID-19 cases and 1200 (77.22%) RT-PCR negative COVID-19 cases. More than half of the COVID-19 positive patients were males 211(59.60%). The most common symptoms were fever (92.3%), cough (83.5%) and tiredness (81.23%). Psycho-social stress such as anxiety, depression and insomnia 123 (34.74%) were common comorbidities followed by diabetes 91(25.70%) and hypertension 72(20.33%). Conclusion: COVID-19 patients were mostly between the 20-30 years of age group. Fever, cough, and throat pain were the commonest presenting symptoms.","PeriodicalId":31640,"journal":{"name":"Birat Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139232749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison between two different doses of Norepinephrine infusion for preventing post spinal Anesthesia Hypotension during Cesarean section","authors":"R. Bhattarai, Amarendra Kumar Yadav, Parasmani Shah, Prabin Sharma","doi":"10.3126/bjhs.v8i2.59851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v8i2.59851","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction:  Post spinal maternal hypotension is common complication during cesarean section. Norepinephrine is a vasopressor recently used in obstetrics anesthesia. However, there are less data available regarding its optimal dose. Objective: The main objective of this study is to compare two doses of infusion of norepinephrine for post spinal hypotension during cesarean delivery. Methodology: A prospective, randomized, double blinded study on full term pregnant patient scheduled for elective cesarean delivery. The infusion of Norepinephrine started after spinal anesthesia after patient randomly divided into two groups. Group A received norepinephrine infusion rate of 0.025ug/kg/min and Group B received at rate of 0.050ug/kg/min. The norepinephrine was continued till 5 minutes after the delivery of fetus and subsequently stopped. These two groups were compared with systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, heart rate, intraoperative hypotensive episodes, Nausea and Vomiting, tachycardia and neonatal outcomes. Results:  Systolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure was higher in group B when compared with group A at all time intervals intraoperatively. The minimum systolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure in group A were 91.61±8.76 and 59.8±5.29 and group B were 90.67±1.21 and 65±3.46 respectively. No significant difference in heart rate between the two groups. In 0.025ug/kg/min group had 23 (46%) hypotensive episode whereas in 0.050ug/kg/min group had 6 (12%) hypotensive episodes (p<0.001). In group A 9 patient had nausea and vomiting. Bradycardia was seen in 2 % of patient in group A. Tachycardia was seen in 4% of patients in group B. Apgar score was comparable and significant (P<0.05) in 10 minutes. Conclusion: In the present study, the infusion of  0.050ug/kg/min norepinephrine reduced the hypotensive episodes when compared with the infusion of 0.025ug/kg/min norepinephrine following spinal Anesthesia during cesarean delivery.","PeriodicalId":31640,"journal":{"name":"Birat Journal of Health Sciences","volume":"231 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139228486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A rare incident of intraoral formalin injection","authors":"Sumana Sulu, I. Maharjan, P. Regmee, Sagar Adhakari, A. Luitel, Kripa Khatiwada","doi":"10.3126/bjhs.v8i1.57295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v8i1.57295","url":null,"abstract":"Formalin is a hazardous chemical that needs careful handling and special storage. It is generally used in dentistry because of its disinfectant and fixative properties. Negligence on part of the dental professionals by accidentally injecting formalin rather than the original anesthetic can lead to internal tissue damage and also may induce a life threatening situation. The general practice of storing formalin in the original anesthetic bottles and being supported by untrained assistants is the most common reason for this mishap to happen. The operating dentist should be careful and apprehensive of the medicines and chemicals available in the operatory and re-check the solution being injected in the case as to not land up in complications because of the negligence. Successful management can be done by cautious debridement and empirical medicine therapy.     ","PeriodicalId":31640,"journal":{"name":"Birat Journal of Health Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44801945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bladder Lesions in Cystoscopic Bladder Biopsies-A Clinicopathological Study","authors":"S. Sedhain, S. Dhakal, Punam Poudyal, A. Pradhan, Paricha Upadhyay, C. Agrawal","doi":"10.3126/bjhs.v8i1.57292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v8i1.57292","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In urinary bladder lesions, the clinical presentation is quite variable, the nonneoplastic lesions can mimic neoplastic and vice-versa bothering both clinicians and patients. The present study aims to study the clinic-pathological and histological features of various lesions of the urinary bladder in the specimens received through cystoscopic biopsy or transurethral resection. \u0000Objectives: The objectives of this study were to study the clinicopathological features of various bladder lesions and their frequencies and to correlate the clinical diagnosis with histological diagnosis. \u0000Methodology: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional involving patients with urinary bladder lesions requiring cystoscopic biopsy or transurethral resection conducted in the Department of Pathology of BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan over a period of one year (November 2016 to October 2017) . \u0000Results: Among 40 patients, mean age was 56.40 years and male and female ratio was 1.5:1. The mean duration of symptoms was 3.49 months. The most common presenting feature for both neoplastic and non-neoplastic was 75%, but hematuria was (86.36%) presenting feature in neoplastic cases and dysuria (88.88%) in non-neoplastic with each group accounting 55% and 45% respectively. Urothelial carcinoma (86.36%) was the commonest neoplastic lesion while cystitis (72.22%) was the commonest non-neoplastic lesion. NMIBC was the predominant lesion (78.95%) in urothelial tumor. Grading showed low grade (63.15%) and high grade (36.85%) respectively. The correlation analysis between clinical diagnosis and histological diagnosis revealed perfect correlation for non-neoplastic lesions and strong correlation for neoplastic  lesions having highly significant result (p<0.001) \u0000Conclusion: Urinary bladder is a common site of diverse lesions; with neoplastic being more common. Urothelial carcinoma was the most common type of neoplastic lesion and cystitis was the most common type of non-neoplastic lesion. Non-neoplastic lesions can mimic neoplastic lesions clinically.  Histological diagnosis differs significantly from the clinical diagnosis indicating the importance of histological diagnosis in planning treatment.","PeriodicalId":31640,"journal":{"name":"Birat Journal of Health Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42713451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Dextrose Prolotherapy in Chronic Plantar Fasciitis: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Ajay Mahato, M. Gupta, Rajan Panthee, Manish Pathak, Santosh Nepal","doi":"10.3126/bjhs.v8i1.57281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v8i1.57281","url":null,"abstract":"  \u0000Introduction: Plantar fasciitis is a very common musculoskeletal condition encountered in the outpatient department of orthopedics. It's the most common cause of heel pain. Patients have pain on weight-bearing, which limits their activities. Usually, plantar fasciitis is diagnosed on the basis of history and clinical examination; however, X-ray and USG can be helpful in atypical presentations. Mostly, plantar fasciitis is managed conservatively, which includes stretching exercises, footwear modification, ultrasonics, and injections. Prolotherapy is a very cost-effective, and OPD-based procedure that has shown promising results in many tendinopathies. There are no other risks involved in this procedure, and patients can start light activities immediately after the injection. \u0000Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of dextrose prolotherapy in the treatment of chronic resistant plantar fasciitis (PF). \u0000Methodology: This prospective, cross-sectional study, was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021 at Birat Medical College and Teaching Hospital after taking permission from the Institutional Review Committee (IRC). Patient selection was done using inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 66 patients were included in the study, who received two prolotherapy injections in a gap of two weeks and were followed up after 12 weeks. Patient’s clinical (Visual Analogue Score for pain at rest and activities), functional (Foot Function Index), and ultrasonograhic (plantar fascia thickness) findings were noted pre- and post-test and were evaluated. \u0000Results: There were 66 adult patients included in the study, out of which 39 patients (59.1%) were female and 27 patients (40.1%) were male. Their age ranged from 26 to 68 years, with a mean age of 43.91 and a standard deviation (SD) of 10.225. The mean BMI was 25.758 with an SD 2.69 (range: 19.6-33.2). The clinical score (VAS-R and VAS-A), functional score (FFI), and ultrasonographic findings (PF thickness) yielded significant outcomes following prolotherapy. \u0000Conclusion: Prolotherapy is a safe, economical, and effective treatment module for plantar fasciitis that has shown significant improvement in pain, functional outcomes, and patient satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":31640,"journal":{"name":"Birat Journal of Health Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47872049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome and Safety of Thulium Fiber Laser for Urinary Stone Diseases - a Cross-sectional Study","authors":"D. Thakur, I. Ansari, C. Agrawal","doi":"10.3126/bjhs.v8i1.57284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v8i1.57284","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Thulium fiber laser (TFL) was introduced into the urological armamentarium as an alternative to Ho:YAG as an energy source. This study aims to assess the outcome and safety of RIRS using TFL in patients with proximal ureteric and renal stone requiring intervention. \u0000Methods: It was a hospital based cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of Urology of of Birat Medical College- Teaching Hospital over a period of 6 months (September 2022 to February 2023) in adults patients with stone size upto 20mm. The outcome and safety of the procedure was assessed for stone clearance, operative time, hospital stay and procedure related complications. \u0000Results: We included initial 50 cases. Mean age, calculus size, calculus volume and calculus density were 40.02± 13.97 years, 14.45±3.36mm, 534.46±209.53 mm3, 1046.96±236.88 HU respectively. Complete stone clearance was achieved in 92% (46 cases) with 8% CSRF (4 cases). Procedure related complications occurred in 12% (8) cases. \u0000Conclusions: The TFL as a newer energy source is safe and effective for lithotripsy during RIRS with acceptable complications.","PeriodicalId":31640,"journal":{"name":"Birat Journal of Health Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43731388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge of Oral Biopsy Procedure among Dental Interns at a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern Nepal","authors":"S. Keshwar, Ashish Shrestha, D. Sarraf","doi":"10.3126/bjhs.v8i1.57280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v8i1.57280","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Various diagnostic procedures are available to reach a diagnosis in case of oral lesions. Biopsy is one of the important tools for confirmatory diagnosis. It becomes imperative not only for dentists but future dentists to have adequate knowledge regarding oral biopsy procedures. \u0000Objective: To assess the knowledge of oral biopsy procedure among dental interns. \u0000Methodology: A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among interns at College of Dental Surgery, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences. A questionnaire was prepared and Google Form link was shared with the signed-up participants via messaging apps; Viber and WhatsApp. The descriptive statistics were calculated using Microsoft Excel 2016. \u0000Results: Out of 54 participants, 53 (98.15%) and 50 (92.5%) of the interns knew about incisional and excisional biopsy respectively. Only 27 (50%) of them responded that every lesion should be sent for histopathological examination. Only 25 (46.3%) of the interns were aware that the removal of tissue by laser or electrosurgery can introduce artefacts or tissue distortion and 27 (50%) responded that punch biopsy generally produces few artefacts within the biopsied sample. Seventy seven percent of the interns responded that volume of the fixative should be two times the volume of the biopsy specimen, while 15 (27.78%) responded that normal saline could be used as a fixative. \u0000Conclusion: The present study revealed, dental interns had a good understanding regarding oral biopsy and also highlighted the need for further training and modifications in curriculum.","PeriodicalId":31640,"journal":{"name":"Birat Journal of Health Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47227859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}