Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia最新文献

{"title":"Efikasi Asap Cair dari Kayu Bengkirai terhadap Phytophthora citrophthora","authors":"H. Oramahi, E. R. Wardoyo, Kustiati Kustiati","doi":"10.22146/jpti.33113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.33113","url":null,"abstract":"Bengkirai is one of kind of woods usually used for furnitures and produces lots of woodcuts. This woodcut become the raw material for liquid smoke. The efficacy of liquid smoke produced from bengkirai wood against Phytophthora citrophthora was evaluated. The aim of this research was to evaluate antimicrobial properties of liquid smoke from bengkirai wood against P. citrophthora. Three kinds of liquid smoke were used in three temperatures i.e., 350, 400 and 450ºC. Efficacy of liquid smoke from bengkirai wood for antimicrobial used PDA medium. Simple linear regression was used to measured the effect of liquid smoke concentration to inhibition of P. citrophthora growth. The relationship between the concentration of liquid smoke (X) and inhibition of fungal growth, P. citrophthora (Y) at 350, 400, and 450ºC were Y = 24.51 + 5.27X (r2 = 0.98), Y = 54.31 + 5.53X (r2 = 0,92), and Y = 51.32 + 16.87X (r2 = 0.80). The results showed that the concentration of liquid smoke was significantly different for inhibition of P. citrophthora growth. The higher the concentration the higher the inhibition of microbial growth. The highest inhibition was on liquid smoke of bengkirai wood with temperature pyrolysis of 450ºC and concentration of liquid smoke  of 1% with average value of 100%. IntisariBengkirai merupakan bahan baku pembuatan furniture yang banyak menghasilkan limbah potongan kayu. Limbah potongan kayu ini dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber pembuatan asap cair. Penelitian tentang efikasi asap cair dari kayu bengkirai terhadap Phytophthora citrophthora telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sifat antimikrobia asap cair kayu bengkirai dalam menghambat pertumbuhan P. citrophthora secara in vitro. Tiga jenis asap cair kayu bengkirai hasil pirolisis pada suhu 350, 400, dan 450ºC. Medium PDA digunakan untuk efikasi asap cair kayu bengkirai terhadap pertumbuhan P. citrophthora. Analisis regresi linier sederhana digunakan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh konsentrasi terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan P. citrophthora. Konsentrasi asap cair kayu bengkirai yang digunakan adalah  0; 0,5; 1,0; 1,5 dan 2,0 %, v/v. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hubungan antara konsentrasi asap cair (X) dan daya hambat pertumbuhan P. citrophthora (Y) pada suhu pirolisis  asap cair 350, 400, dan 450ºC berturut-turut adalah Y = 24,51 + 5,27X (r2 = 0,98), Y = 54,31 + 5,53X (r2 = 0,92), dan Y = 51,32 + 16,87X (r2 = 0,80). Makin tinggi konsentrasi asap cair kayu bengkirai makin tinggi daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan P. citrophthora. Daya hambat pertumbuhan P. citrophthora tertinggi (100 %) pada perlakuan asap cair kayu bengkirai yang diproduksi pada suhu pirolisis 450ºC dan konsentrasi 1 %.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44018159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resistance of Ahasverus advena and Cryptolestes ferrugineus to Phosphine on Imported Cocoa Beans from Cameroon, Ivory Coast, and Dominican Republic","authors":"Franciskus Parasian, Y. Trisyono, E. Martono","doi":"10.22146/jpti.25769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.25769","url":null,"abstract":"Ahasverus advena and Cryptolestes ferrugineus were the most frequent pests found on cocoa beans in consignment. Their high infestation could contaminate cocoa beans and put the impact on its quality and economic value. Phosphine is one of the most commonly used fumigant in fumigation treatment to control the pest. The resistance status of A. advena and C. ferrugineus carried by cocoa beans from abroad to Indonesia against phosphine has not been reported. The purpose of this research was to determine the resistance of A. advena and C. ferrugineus to phosphine in the imported cocoa beans. The insects were collected from cocoa beans in consignment from Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Dominican Republic, and storing warehouse in Bandung, Indonesia. C. ferrugineus  from Bogor (SEAMEO BIOTROP) and A. advena  from Cianjur (PT IGE), Indonesia were utilized as the reference populations. Resistance assay was conducted based on Food Agriculture Organization’s standard method. The resistance testing consisted of six phosphine concentrations: 0 (control), 0.005, 0.014, 0.023, 0.031, and 0.040 mg/l for 20 and 48 hours. The resistance classification testing was carried out with concentration 0.25 mg/l for 48 hours. A. advena originating from Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Dominican Republic and Bandung were susceptible to phosphine. C. ferrugineus coming from Cameroon, Ivory Coast (San Pedro and Abidjan) and Bandung were resistant to phosphine, while Dominican Republic’s population remained susceptible to phosphine. C. ferrugineus from Cameroon, Ivory Coast (San Pedro and Abidjan) categorized into strong resistance, while the Bandung population was weakly resistant. IntisariAhasverus advena dan Cryptolestes ferrugineus adalah hama yang sering ditemukan pada biji kakao di dalam petikemas. Infestasi hama ini dalam jumlah yang tinggi bisa mencemari biji kakao dan berdampak pada kualitas dan nilai ekonominya. Fosfin merupakan salah satu fumigan yang sering digunakan dalam perlakuan fumigasi untuk mengendalikan hama tersebut. Status resistensi A. advena dan C. ferrugineus yang terbawa biji kakao dari luar negeri ke Indonesia terhadap fosfin belum dilaporkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan resistensi A. advena dan C. ferrugineus yang terbawa biji kakao impor terhadap fosfin. Serangga uji diambil dari biji kakao di dalam kontainer yang berasal dari Kamerun, Pantai Gading, Republik Dominica, dan gudang penyimpanan di Bandung, Indonesia. C. ferrugineus yang berasal dari Bogor (SEAMEO BIOTROP) dan A. advena dari Cianjur (PT IGE), Indonesia dipergunakan sebagai populasi referensi. Pengujian resistensi berdasarkan metode standar Food Agriculture Organization. Pengujian resistensi terdiri dari 6 (enam) konsentrasi fosfin yaitu 0 (kontrol); 0,005; 0,014; 0,023; 0,031; dan 0,040 mg/l selama 20 dan 48 jam. Pengujian klasifikasi resistensi dengan konsentrasi 0,25 mg/l selama 48 jam. A. advena yang berasal dari Kamerun, Pantai Gading, Republik Dominica dan Bandung rentan terhadap ","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":"509 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41278593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Feeding Ability between Ischiodon scutellaris (Diptera: Syrphidae) and Menochilus sexmaculatus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) on Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae)","authors":"Adhyatma Noor Rizal, N. S. Putra, Suputa Suputa","doi":"10.22146/jpti.26191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.26191","url":null,"abstract":"Study on the feeding ability of two predators of Aphis craccivora (Koch), i.e. larvae of syrphid fly, Ischiodon scutellaris and coccinellid beetle, Menochilus sexmaculatus has been done in the laboratory. The study was conducted to determine the impacts of prey densities on larval development time, and the survival rate of larval stage. The results showed that M. sexmaculatus larvae required more prey than I. scutellaris in the 1st instar, but I. scutellaris ate more prey than M. sexmaculatus in the 3rd  instar. Furthermore, addition of prey number shortened significanly the development time of the larvae stage, almost all of 1st and 3rd instars M. sexmaculatus and I. scutellaris were able to develop into pupae, whereas, only 45% out of total 1st instar provided with 20 prey individuals succeed to pupate. The impact of the number of prey on the biology of aphidophaga in relation to their role as controlling aphid in nature is discussed in this paper. IntisariKajian tentang kemampuan makan dua predator Aphis craccivora (Koch), yaitu larva lalat syrphid, Ischiodon scutellaris dan kumbang koksi, Menochilus sexmaculatus telah dilakukan di laboratorium. Kajian juga dilakukan untuk memahami dampak jumlah mangsa pada lama perkembangan larva menjadi pupa dan keloloshidupan larva menjadi pupa. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa larva M. sexmaculatus membutuhkan lebih banyak mangsa daripada I. scutellaris pada instar 1, namun I. scutellaris makan lebih banyak mangsa daripada M. sexmaculatus pada instar 3. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa penambahan mangsa mempercepat waktu perkembangan larva secara signifikan. Semua larva instar 1 dan 3 M. sexmaculatus dan I. scutellaris mampu lolos menjadi pupa, kecuali larva instar 1 M. sexmaculatus yang hanya mampu lolos menjadi pupa sebanyak 45% jika diberi mangsa 20 ekor. Dampak jumlah mangsa pada biologi afidofaga dalam kaitannya dengan peran mereka sebagai pengendali populasi kutu afid di alam dibahas dalam tulisan ini.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43625487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Keragaan Sumber Kitin untuk Mempertahankan Virulensi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.), Jamur Pengendali Wereng Batang Cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.)","authors":"Nova Laili Wisuda, Subur Sedjati","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.28158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.28158","url":null,"abstract":"Beauvaria bassiana is an entomopathogenic insect that effectively controls brown planthopper (BPH), but will decrease it virulences if nutrients containing chitin and protein is not added. The aim of this research is to find the best method of B. bassiana propagation with the addition of shrimp and cricket flour, both are chitin sources. Isolates were cultured with Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium and continued with rice medium. This research method used non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments consisting of control, addition of shrimp flour and addition of cricket flour per treatment each with six replications. The research parameters consist of percentage of mortality, percentage of  conidia rising time, and LT50 test. The chitin sources could increases the growth rate from 0.69 cm per day to 1.449 cm per day and increases the spore density by 4.8×106 CFU (Colony Forming Unit) up to 8.2×106 CFU. Chitin also affects the virulence of B. bassiana in BPH where it can increase the percentage of death starting from 3%until10% and made lethal-time of BPH faster from 0.25 to 0.45 day. There is no significant difference between the sources of chitin between shrimp and cricket flour, so it is more advisable to use cricket flour because it is less expensive. IntisariBeauvaria bassiana merupakan serangga entomopatogen yang efektif mengendalikan wereng batang cokelat (WBC), namun akan mengalami penurunan virulensi bila tidak diberikan nutrisi yang mengandung khitin dan protein. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan metode terbaik perbanyakan B. bassiana yang dilakukan dengan penambahan tepung ebi dan penambahan tepung jangkrik yang merupakan sumber kitin. Isolat dibiakkan dengan medium per- banyakan Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) dan diteruskan hingga perbanyakan beras. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) non-faktorial dengan 4 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan yang terdiri atas kontrol, tanpa tambahan kitin, penambahan tepung ebi dan penambahan tepung jangkrik. Parameter penelitian terdiri persentase mortalitas, persentase waktu munculnya konidia dan uji LT50. Pemberian sumber kitin meningkatkan kecepatan pertumbuhan hingga 0,69−1,49 cm per hari dan meningkatkan kerapatan spora berkisar 4,8×106−8,2×106 CFU (colony forming unit). Kitin juga berpengaruh terhadap virulensi B. bassiana pada WBC dimana mampu meningkatkan persentase kematian 3−10% dan waktu paruh kematian WBC 0,25−0,45 hari lebih cepat. Tidak ada perbedaan yang berarti antara sumber khitin dari tepung jangkrik dan tepung ebi sehingga lebih disarankan untuk menggunakan tepung jangkrik karena lebih murah dan mudah didapat.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48447753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species Composition of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Sorong and Raja Ampat, West Papua","authors":"Linda Linda, Witjaksono Witjaksono, Suputa Suputa","doi":"10.22146/jpti.25280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.25280","url":null,"abstract":"Fruit fly monitoring is an important part of integrated pest management  since  it provides information  about fruit flies species composition in any given  area. The aim of this study was to find out species composition of fruit fly in the City of Sorong, and both Sorong and Raja Ampat Regencies. Sampling was conducted from June to November 2016 using trapping method. There were 19 species of fruit flies in the whole sampling locations, consist of 11 species attracted to cue lure and 8 species attracted to methyl eugenol. Bactrocera frauenfeldi was the dominant species  in trap baited with cue lure, while B. umbrosa and B. dorsalis were dominant in trap baited with methyl eugenol. Fruit fly diversity index in Raja Ampat Regency and City of Sorong were low while diversity index in Sorong Regency was relatively moderate. IntisariMonitoring lalat buah merupakan bagian penting dalam pengelolaan hama terpadu yang memberikan informasi tentang komposisi lalat buah di suatu area. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi spesies lalat buah di Kabupaten Sorong, kota Sorong dan Kabupaten Raja Ampat. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan mulai dari Juni sampai November 2016 dengan metode pemasangan perangkap. Total terdapat 19 spesies lalat buah dari seluruh wilayah pengambilan sampel, dengan 11 spesies yang tertarik cue lure dan 8 spesies tertarik metil eugenol. Bactrocera frauenfeldi adalah lalat buah yang paling dominan pada perangkap dengan  atraktan cue lure sedangkan  B. dorsalis serta B. umbrosa dominan pada perangkap dengan atraktan metil eugenol. Indeks keragaman jenis lalat buah di Kabupaten Raja Ampat dan Kota Sorong termasuk rendah sedangkan di Kabupaten Sorong indeks keragamannya relatif sedang.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45666615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Karakterisasi Virus Penyebab Penyakit Belang pada Tanaman Lada (Piper nigrum L.)","authors":"Trisnani Alif, Sedyo Hartono, S. Sulandari","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.30354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.30354","url":null,"abstract":"Mottle disease is an important disease in pepper plants caused by Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV). This study aims to determine the characterization of PYMoV biologically and molecularly. The pepper plant samples were obtained from pepper farmland in Kleben, Putat (Yogyakarta), and Air Buluh (Bangka). Virus particles are measured by electron microscopy. Virus transmission studies include mechanical transmission, vector, cuttings, grafting, and seeds. The molecular detection was done by using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with PYMoV-F and PYMoV-R specific primers. The result, virus particles were found to be ± 30×130 nm in shape. Virus transmission studies indicate that PYMoV can be transmitted by Ferrisia virgata vectors, cuttings, grafts and seeds but cannot be transmitted through mechanical inoculation. Molecular test results showed that samples of Kleben, Putat and Air Buluh pepper plants were positively detected to contain PYMoV and amplified at 400 bp. The result of nucleotide base sequence analysis showed the isolates of Putat and Air Buluh had the highest homology with PYMoV of India 2 about 95% while Kleben isolate had 96% homology with PYMoV of India 1. IntisariPenyakit belang merupakan salah satu penyakit penting pada tanaman lada yang disebabkan oleh Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakterisasi PYMoV secara biologi dan molekuler. Sampel tanaman lada diperoleh dari lahan petani lada di Desa Kleben, Putat (Yogyakarta), dan Air Buluh (Bangka). Partikel virus diukur dengan mikroskop elektron. Kajian penularan virus meliputi penularan mekanik, vektor, stek, penyambungan, dan biji. Deteksi secara molekuler dengan metode Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) dengan pasangan primer spesifik PYMoV-F dan PYMoV-R. Partikel virus yang ditemukan berukuran ± 30×130 nm berbentuk batang. Kajian penularan virus menunjukkan bahwa PYMoV dapat ditularkan melalui vektor Ferrisia virgata, stek, penyambungan dan biji namun tidak dapat ditularkan melalui inokulasi mekanik. Hasil uji molekuler menunjukkan bahwa sampel tanaman lada Kleben, Putat dan Air Buluh positif terdeteksi PYMoV dan teramplifikasi pada 400 bp. Hasil analisis sekuen basa nukleotida menunjukkan isolat Putat dan Air Buluh memiliki homologi tertinggi dengan PYMoV India 2 sekitar 95% sedangkan isolat Kleben memiliki homologi 96% dengan PYMoV India 1.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43881407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the Causal Agent of Cocoa Pod Rot Disease from Various Locations","authors":"Indri Komalasari, S. Suryanti, B. Hadisutrisno","doi":"10.22146/jpti.24728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.24728","url":null,"abstract":"Cacao (Theboroma cacao L.) is an important estate commodity in Indonesia with high economic value. The interference of cocoa pod rot disease which was affected by Phytophthora palmivora Butl. resulted in the reduction of the quantity and quality of cocoa beans, with losses up to 44%. This research was aimed to figure out the variation in morphology of P. palmivora isolates from cacao. The research was carried out by collecting samples of cocoa pod with rot symptoms in several cacao growing areas in Java, then the pathogen was isolated and cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium. The observation was performed on morphological characteristics of isolates macroscopically (colony shape) and microscopically (size of sporangium and chlamydospores). All tested isolates showed various colony shape such as stellate, cottony and irregular as well as sporangium varying from obpyriform, globose, ellipsoid, ovoid and distorted with various size between 30.8×21.9–65.5×46.5 µm in range.IntisariKakao (Theboroma cacao L.) merupakan komoditas perkebunan unggulan di Indonesia dengan nilai ekonomi tinggi. Gangguan penyakit busuk buah kakao yang disebabkan oleh Phytophthora palmivora Butl. mengakibatkan penurunan kuantitas dan kualitas biji kakao, dengan kerugian mencapai 44%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi morfologi isolat P. palmivora asal kakao. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel buah kakao bergejala busuk buah di beberapa area perkebunan kakao di Jawa, kemudian patogen diisolasi dan dikulturkan pada media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakteristik morfologi isolat secara makroskopis (bentuk koloni) dan mikroskopis (ukuran sporangium dan klamidospora). Semua isolat yang diuji menunjukkan bentuk koloni seperti stellate, cottony, dan irregular serta sporangium yang bervariasi dari obpyriform, globose, ellipsoid, ovoid, dan distorted dengan ukuran bervariasi antara 30,8×21,9−65,5×46,5 µm.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46304045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimalization of Temperature to Control Araecerus fasciculatus de Geer (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) on Nutmeg","authors":"Dwi Rachmanto, F. X. Wagiman, S. Indarti","doi":"10.22146/jpti.26014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.26014","url":null,"abstract":"The exported nutmeg of Indonesia is frequently affected by the coffee bean weevil, Araecerus fasciculatus de Geer (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), so that it should be fumigated prior to export. CH3Br is an effective fumigant as quarantine measure for export products for 24 h, but this fumigant has been prohibited. Therefore, air temperature treatment is one of the alternative strategies. This research was aimed to determine the optimum air temperature in controlling A. fasciculatus on nutmeg. Healthy nutmeg, infected and A. fasciculatus-containing nutmeg, as well as individual adults of A. fasciculatus were treated with air temperature of 30−70°C for 1−24 h. The optimum air temperature was the lowest temperature which could kill 100% of examined insects. The results showed that 100% mortality of A. fasciculatus adults outside nutmeg occurred at air temperature of 45°C for 12 h or 50°C for 6 h. Meanwhile, 100% mortality of life stadium of A. fasciculatus inside nutmeg happened at air temperature of 55°C for 24 h. The raising of air temperature at 30−50°C for 24 h decreased the water content of nutmeg from 5.59±0.25 to 3.79±0.24%. The increment of temperature from 50 to 55°C for 24 h reduced the weight of nutmeg from 5.20±0.72 to 5.04±0.70 g. Air temperature treatment at 45−50°C for 12−24 h could eliminate adults of A. fasciculatus on exported nutmeg and air temperature of 55°C for 24 h could remove all life stadia of A. fasciculatus within nutmeg. IntisariBiji pala ekspor Indonesia sering diserang oleh kumbang bubuk biji kopi, Araecerus fasciculatus de Geer (Coleoptera: Anthribidae), sehingga harus difumigasi sebelum diekspor. Tindakan karantina pada produk ekspor yang sering menggunakan CH3Br efektif selama 24 jam, namun fumigan ini sudah dilarang. Oleh karena itu, perlakuan suhu udara merupakan salah satu alternatifnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan suhu udara optimal untuk mengendalikan A. fasciculatus pada biji pala. Biji pala yang sehat, biji pala yang terserang dan berisi serangga A. fasciculatus serta imago A. fasciculatus diperlakukan dengan suhu udara 30−70°C selama 1−24 jam. Suhu udara optimal yaitu suhu terendah yang dapat membunuh 100% serangga uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 100% mortalitas imago A. fasciculatus di luar biji pala terjadi pada suhu udara 45°C selama 12 jam atau 50°C selama 6 jam. Sementara itu, mortalitas 100% stadia hidup A. fasciculatus di dalam biji pala terjadi pada suhu udara 55°C selama 24 jam. Kenaikan suhu udara 30−50°C selama 24 jam menurunkan kadar air biji pala dari 5,59±0,25 menjadi 3,79±0,24%. Peningkatan suhu dari 50 menjadi 55°C selama 24 jam menurunkan berat biji pala dari 5,20±0,72 menjadi 5,04±0,70 g. Perlakuan suhu udara 45−50°C selama 12−24 jam dapat mengeliminasi imago A. fasciculatus pada biji pala ekspor dan suhu udara 55°C selama 24 jam dapat mengeliminasi semua stadia hidup A. fasciculatus di dalam biji pala.","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41978309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Turnera subulata and Cosmos sulphureus Flowers in the Life of Anagrus nilaparvatae (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)","authors":"Wiwik Sugiharti, Y. Trisyono, E. Martono, Witjaksono Witjaksono","doi":"10.22146/jpti.24806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jpti.24806","url":null,"abstract":"Anagrus nilaparvatae is a potential egg parasitoid to control the rice brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) The parasitoid needs to consume suitable food to maximize its biotic potential and parasitizing ability. This study was aimed to determine the benefits provided by the presence of Turnera subulata and Cosmos sulphureus flowers on the life of A. nilaparvatae. This study consisted of two experiments. The first experiment was designed to determine the effects of the tested flowers on the parasitism and hatching rate of A. nilaparvatae on N. lugens eggs. The flowers were set inside the rearing cage of parasitoid in the presence of N. lugens eggs in Ciherang rice seedlings. In addition, honey and the control (no feed added) were included into the treatments, totalling of four treatments. The parasitism rate of A. nilaparvatae fed with the flowers or honey was similar to those unfed. However, the hatching rate of A. nilaparvatae was much higher on those fed with flower or honey than those unfed. The number of A. nilaparvatae unable to eclose from eggs of N. lugens for the unfed parasitoid was 37.4% in comparison with 8.19 to 15.67% for those fed with flower or honey. The second experiment was a follow-up to address the question on the fitness of progeny of A. nilaparvatae fed with the tested flowers. The flowers and honey did not increase the longevity of A. nilaparvatae progeny. However, A. nilaparvatae fed with flowers or honey produced progeny that resulted in higher number of offspring compared to those unfed. C. sulphureus flower significantly increased the number of offspring produced by A. nilaparvatae. This suggest that the diet of the parental parasitoid determines the fitness of the progeny. Improving the hatching rate and the fecundity of progeny produced by the adults of A. nilaparvatae fed with the flower of T. subulata and C. sulphureus would contribute to the increasing population of this parasitoid which could lead to a better control of N. lugens in the rice field. IntisariAnagrus nilaparvatae merupakan parasitoid telur yang potensial untuk mengendalikan serangan wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.). Parasitoid perlu mendapatkan sumber pakan yang sesuai untuk memaksimalkan potensi biologis dan kemampuan memarasit inang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji manfaat pemberian bunga Turnera subulata dan Cosmos sulphureus pada kehidupan A. nilaparvatae. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua percobaan. Percobaan pertama dirancang untuk mengetahui pengaruh bunga yang diuji terhadap tingkat parasitasi dan penetasan telur A. nilaparvatae pada telur N. lugens. Bunga diletakkan di dalam tabung rearing parasitoid yang di dalamnya terdapat bibit padi varietas Ciherang yang mengandung telur N. lugens. Selain itu, terdapat pula perlakuan madu dan kontrol (tanpa bunga dan tanpa madu), dengan total empat perlakuan. A. nilaparvate yang diberi pakan bunga atau madu memiliki tingkat parasitasi yang sama dengan yang tidak diberi pak","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42863140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of Necrotic Spot Disease Caused by Cactus virus X on Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus spp.) in Peninsular Malaysia","authors":"Masanto Masanto, K. Sijam, Y. Awang, M. Satar","doi":"10.22146/JPTI.23763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/JPTI.23763","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to detect the status of virus causing necrotic spot disease on dragon fruit and to recognize its geographical distribution in Peninsular Malaysia. Fifty posts of crops were randomly sampled from dragon fruit orchards. The symptoms were characterized and the pathogen was observed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Disease incidence and severity were plotted, while the disease occurrence was statistically analyzed under Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) of General Linear Modeling (GLM) procedure and Pearson correlation test. The disease was initiated by necrotic small mottle or spot on young shoot which then turned to orange. Those symptoms were also found on mature stems and fruits. They could quickly expand on unexposed symptomatic parts in orchards. The maximum incidence and severity of disease were recorded in Durian Tunggal (Malacca), i.e. 98 and 52%, respectively. TEM technique viewed the spindle-shaped inclusion bodies of virus within symptomatic stems at 4000 and 20,000X magnification which were suspected as Cactus virus X (CVX), a potexvirus with filamentous and rod shape and 515−520 nm in size. Statistically, disease occurrence in Malacca was significantly higher than those in other states, while the minimum was found in Terengganu. The strong regression of disease incidence and severity was shown by R value= 0.9484. There were no significant correlations of disease occurrence, either with weather or cultural factors. Further study on the transmission of virus within the crops in the field is important to be carried out in order to monitor the spread of disease and to develop the integrated disease management strategies on dragon fruit in Peninsular Malaysia. IntisariKajian ini dilakukan untuk mendeteksi status virus yang menyebabkan penyakit bercak nekrotik pada buah naga dan untuk mengetahui distribusi geografisnya di Semenanjung Malaysia. Lima puluh tiang tanaman disampel secara acak dari kebun buah naga. Gejala-gejala dikarakterisasi dan patogen diamati di bawah transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Insidensi dan keparahan penyakit diplot, sedangkan kejadian penyakit secara statistik dianalisis menggunakan Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT), General Linear Modeling (GLM) dan uji Pearson correlation. Penyakit dimulai dengan bercak nekrotik kecil pada tunas muda dan kemudian berubah menjadi jingga. Gejala-gejala tersebut juga dijumpai pada batang dewasa dan buah. Penyakit dapat berkembang dengan cepat pada bagian bergejala yang tidak terlihat di kebun. Insidensi dan keparahan penyakit yang paling banyak ditemukan di Durian Tunggal (Melaka), yaitu masing-masing 98 dan 52%. Teknik TEM menunjukkan badan inklusi berbentuk benang dari virus pada batang yang bergejala pada perbesaran 4000 dan 20.000X yang diduga sebagai Cactus virus X (CVX), suatu potexvirus yang berbentuk benang dan batang serta berukuran panjang 515–520 nm. Secara statistik, kejadian penyakit di Melaka secara nyata lebih tinggi daripad","PeriodicalId":31599,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41959145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}