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Water mass properties and transports in the Arabian Sea from Argo observations Argo观测的阿拉伯海水团性质和输送
Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science Pub Date : 2005-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/17417530600752825
J. Chowdary, C. Gnanaseelan, B. Thompson, P. Salvekar
{"title":"Water mass properties and transports in the Arabian Sea from Argo observations","authors":"J. Chowdary, C. Gnanaseelan, B. Thompson, P. Salvekar","doi":"10.1080/17417530600752825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530600752825","url":null,"abstract":"The information acquired from Argo floats such as temperature and salinity profiles is used to study water mass properties in the Arabian Sea from 2002 to 2004. An examination of water mass structure at different locations reveals the presence of high salinity water of marginal seas in the Arabian Sea. During the southwest monsoon season, the impact of the early onset of southwesterlies is noticed in the upper ocean temperature and salinity structure over the Western Arabian Sea (WAS) during 2002. Surface density variations are found to be more during the southwest monsoon season due to strong wind forcing. Argo temperature and salinity profiles showed that the winter cooling and the formation of Arabian Sea High Salinity Water (ASHSW) over the Northern Arabian Sea (NAS) began during the second half of November within the upper 100 m depth. In the NAS, the Persian Gulf Water (PGW) salinity is above 36, as PGW moves towards the south along isopycnal layer of 26.6σθ (σθ is potential density) salinity decrea...","PeriodicalId":315917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science","volume":"75 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114034417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Ocean wave forecasting in the Gulf of Thailand during typhoon Linda 1997: Hard and soft computing approaches 1997年台风琳达期间泰国湾海浪预报:硬与软计算方法
Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science Pub Date : 2005-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/17417530500359689
Wattana Kanbua, S. Supharatid, I. Tang
{"title":"Ocean wave forecasting in the Gulf of Thailand during typhoon Linda 1997: Hard and soft computing approaches","authors":"Wattana Kanbua, S. Supharatid, I. Tang","doi":"10.1080/17417530500359689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530500359689","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents an investigation of wave fields during the approach of typhoon LINDA in 1997 in the Gulf of Thailand. Two modeling approaches are studied: The hard computing approach by the WAM cycle 4 model was used first to simulate wave heights and periods distribution covering the domain 95°E to 105°E and 5°N to 15°N. Then, the soft computing approach by the GRNN model was developed to predict the wave characteristics for lead times of 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h. The input wind data were obtained from NOGAPS model archives with 1° resolution and are linearly interpolated to specify wind components at each grid point. The WAM model underestimated the wave height as much as 20%. The root mean square errors (RMSEs) and the mean absolute deviations (MADs) are 0.18–0.26 m and 0.13–0.18 m, respectively. The GRNN showed better forecasting results than the WAM model (RMSE<0.15 m and MAD<0.10 m). The maximum wave height simulated by the GRNN model during the typhoon Linda 1997 event was found to be 4.0 m. Thi...","PeriodicalId":315917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127675613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
Sensitivity of the diurnal warm layer to meteorological fluctuations part 1: observations 日暖层对气象波动的敏感性。第1部分:观测
Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science Pub Date : 2005-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/17417530500529521
A. Stuart-Menteth, I. Robinson, R. Weller, C. Donlon
{"title":"Sensitivity of the diurnal warm layer to meteorological fluctuations part 1: observations","authors":"A. Stuart-Menteth, I. Robinson, R. Weller, C. Donlon","doi":"10.1080/17417530500529521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530500529521","url":null,"abstract":"Sea surface temperature (SST) is directly affected by the diurnal cycle of the sun's radiation. Over 200 cases of diurnal cycles of SST are analysed in conjunction with their associated meteorological fields to investigate the phase of the diurnal SST cycle and understand the sensitivity of the diurnal warm layer to meteorological variability during the day. A classification is presented which categorises diurnal warming shapes into four separate groups based on different wind and insolation fluctuations. Differences between the shape of the diurnal signal at the surface and depth are investigated in order to interpret the diurnal variations detected by satellite and in situ measurement techniques. The results highlight the variability in the shape of the diurnal SST cycle and draw attention to the large differences in temperature that can occur between the surface and 1 m under low wind and strong heating conditions. This is important for air–sea heat and gas exchange as the diurnal temperature variation...","PeriodicalId":315917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129000207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
The impact of the assimilation of scatterometer winds on surface wind and wave forecasts 散射计风同化对地面风浪预报的影响
Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science Pub Date : 2005-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/17417530600784976
D. Greenslade, E. Schulz, J. Kepert, G. Warren
{"title":"The impact of the assimilation of scatterometer winds on surface wind and wave forecasts","authors":"D. Greenslade, E. Schulz, J. Kepert, G. Warren","doi":"10.1080/17417530600784976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530600784976","url":null,"abstract":"Recent work has demonstrated that surface marine winds from the Bureau of Meteorology's operational Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) systems are typically underestimated by 5 to 10%. This is likely to cause significant bias in modelled wave fields that are forced by these winds. A simple statistical adjustment of the wind components is shown to reduce the observed bias in Significant Wave Height considerably. The impact of increasing the vertical resolution of the NWP model and assimilating scatterometer data into the model is assessed by comparing the resulting forecast wind and waves to observations. It is found that, in general, the inclusion of scatterometer observations improves the accuracy of the surface wind forecasts. However, most of the improvement is shown to arise from the increased number of vertical levels in the atmospheric model, rather than directly from the use of the observations. When the wave model is forced with surface winds from the NWP model that includes scatterometer data, it...","PeriodicalId":315917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126663814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
Air–sea interaction including a shallow and coastal zone 海气相互作用包括浅水区和海岸带
Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science Pub Date : 2005-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/17417530600787227
G. N. Panin, T. Foken
{"title":"Air–sea interaction including a shallow and coastal zone","authors":"G. N. Panin, T. Foken","doi":"10.1080/17417530600787227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530600787227","url":null,"abstract":"We performed special experimental and theoretical research concerning the energy--mass exchange process in shallow waters, which took into account the influence of the basin depth on the evaporation and sensible heat exchange. Data was obtained from deep water basins, as well as from shallow waters, at an open sea, as well as in its coastal zone. A new parameterization model of evaporation and friction velocity from shallow water surfaces under different wind velocities was investigated. Results of models and measurements of the energy/mass exchange intensity of a small shallow lake (LITFASS-experiments) were compared. The validation of these models with the eddy-covariance measurements of the LITFASS-98 and LITFASS-2003 experiments showed good results for the wind sector, with good fetch conditions. Therefore, the models examined may be used for calculating the evaporation of lakes where a standard data set of wind velocity, air and water temperature, air moisture and the depth of the lake is available. ...","PeriodicalId":315917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134049714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Sensitivity of the diurnal warm layer to meteorological fluctuations. Part 2: A new parameterisation for diurnal warming 日暖层对气象波动的敏感性。第2部分:日变暖的新参数化
Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science Pub Date : 2005-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/17417530500529539
A. Stuart-Menteth, I. Robinson, C. Donlon
{"title":"Sensitivity of the diurnal warm layer to meteorological fluctuations. Part 2: A new parameterisation for diurnal warming","authors":"A. Stuart-Menteth, I. Robinson, C. Donlon","doi":"10.1080/17417530500529539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530500529539","url":null,"abstract":"A new diurnal warming parameterisation has been developed which allows the shape of the diurnal sea surface temperature (SST) signal to change in response to meteorological fluctuations during the day based on an extensive examination of over 300 diurnal cycles. The parameterisation estimates the diurnal variation in temperature at the surface and at 1 m over a local day based only on wind and insolation measurements averaged over several different periods of the day. The parameterisation is validated against independent data and is compared against other existing parameterisations. Results show that diurnal warming estimates are more accurate when daily fluctuations in wind and insolation are taken into consideration and the new parameterisation captures some of the variability of the shape of the diurnal SST cycle which other parameterisations are unable to achieve. The parameterisation is currently being trialled in the European Space Agency MEDSPIRATION project (a contribution to the Global Ocean Data...","PeriodicalId":315917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131714084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Interannual variability in the 1990s in the northern Atlantic and Nordic Seas 1990年代北大西洋和北欧海的年际变率
Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/17417530500282873
G. Bigg, S. Dye, M. Wadley
{"title":"Interannual variability in the 1990s in the northern Atlantic and Nordic Seas","authors":"G. Bigg, S. Dye, M. Wadley","doi":"10.1080/17417530500282873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530500282873","url":null,"abstract":"A global fine resolution curvilinear ocean model, forced by NCEP Re-Analysis fluxes, is used to study changes in the circulation of the Nordic Seas and surrounding ocean basins during 1994–2001. The model fields exhibit regionally distinct temporal variability, mostly determined by atmospheric forcing but in regions of significant sea-ice longer timescale variability is found. Some abrupt circulation changes accompany the relaxation of the westerlies following the peak North Atlantic Oscillation Index phase of the mid 1990s. The Greenland gyre spins up over the following years, with the increased circulation partially exiting through the Denmark Strait into the northern Atlantic as well as re-circulating within the Nordic Seas. This resulted in a distinct freshening around northern Iceland and an increase in the East Icelandic Current. However, these latter increases steadied after 1998, as the increased Greenland Sea gyre circulation led to a greater proportion of water leaving through the Denmark Strait...","PeriodicalId":315917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128548189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
The impact of inhomogenous background errors on a global wave data assimilation system 非均匀背景误差对全球波资料同化系统的影响
Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/17417530500089666
D. Greenslade, I. Young
{"title":"The impact of inhomogenous background errors on a global wave data assimilation system","authors":"D. Greenslade, I. Young","doi":"10.1080/17417530500089666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530500089666","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main limitations in current wave data assimilation systems is the lack of an accurate representation of the structure of the background errors. In this work, models for the observational error variance, background error variance and background error correlations are developed based on the results of previous studies. These are tested in a global wave data assimilation system and the resulting wave forecasts are verified against independent observations from buoys. Forecasts of significant wave height show substantial improvement over the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's current operational wave forecasting system. However, forecasts of peak period are not similarly improved. The regional impacts of the new assimilation scheme are found to vary on a seasonal basis. Overall, it is shown that the inclusion of a latitudinally dependent background error, and improved specification of the background and observational error variances can reduce the root-mean-square error of 24-hour forecast Signific...","PeriodicalId":315917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129246434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Dimethylsulphide production in the Southern Ocean using a nitrogen-based flow network model and field measurements from ACE-1 利用基于氮的流动网络模型和ACE-1的现场测量，研究了南大洋的二甲硫化物产量
Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science Pub Date : 2005-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/17417530500264756
D. Bonner-Knowles, G. Jones, A. Gabric
{"title":"Dimethylsulphide production in the Southern Ocean using a nitrogen-based flow network model and field measurements from ACE-1","authors":"D. Bonner-Knowles, G. Jones, A. Gabric","doi":"10.1080/17417530500264756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530500264756","url":null,"abstract":"Dimethylsulphide (DMS) has been implicated in climate change as a possible negative feedback to global warming, and several Models have been developed that simulate the production of DMS in the marine environment. The focus of this study is to improve the nitrogen based Gabric Model, using field data collected during the Southern Hemisphere First Marine Aerosol Characterisation Experiment (ACE-1) in the Southern Ocean in 1995. Two Model Runs (Series A and B) were carried out with six simulations of varying biotic and abiotic inputs applied over the voyage transect (41–48°S), reflecting Model default values or field values from the experiment. The abiotic inputs were time-step, dissolved dimethylsulphoniopropionate (DMSP) and DMS, and the biotic nitrogen inputs were from phytoplankton, bacteria, zooflagellates, large protozoa, micro and mesozooplankton. The focus of the abiotic assessment was nutrient (nitrate) uptake and dissolved DMSP and DMS output. Model output of the biotic compartments was assessed f...","PeriodicalId":315917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129912415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Seiches induced by storms in the English Channel 英吉利海峡风暴引发的海啸
Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science Pub Date : 2005-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/17417530410001704645
N. Wells, D. Baldwin, I. Haigh
{"title":"Seiches induced by storms in the English Channel","authors":"N. Wells, D. Baldwin, I. Haigh","doi":"10.1080/17417530410001704645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530410001704645","url":null,"abstract":"Investigation of an extreme storm surge event revealed the presence of an oscillation in sea level with a period of 2–6 h. The English Channel is well known for its quarter- and sixth-diurnal tides, and it was expected that these oscillations were simply the result of tide-surge interactions. However, results of model experiments permitted the reproduction of oscillations from wind forcing alone. The forcing used was from an extreme wind event in December 1989. In this article we describe these oscillations, and in particular their spatial characteristics. It is shown that the dominant response is a transverse mode of the English Channel, with minimum amplitude in the central Channel and maximum amplitude in the Baie de Seine and the Golfe de St Malo.","PeriodicalId":315917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115247472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
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