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Wave forecasting at the Spanish coasts 西班牙海岸的海浪预报
Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17417530601127522
M. Lahoz, J. C. C. Albiach
{"title":"Wave forecasting at the Spanish coasts","authors":"M. Lahoz, J. C. C. Albiach","doi":"10.1080/17417530601127522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530601127522","url":null,"abstract":"A wave forecasting system developed by Puertos del Estado (The Spanish holding of harbours) to predict waves at the coast is run in a twice a day cycle with a forecasting horizon of 72 h. This system is driven by wind fields supplied by the Spanish Meteorological Service from the HIRLAM model. Nested within this model a set of local forecasting systems, one for each harbour, covering an area of around 25 × 25 km, has been developed. The narrowness of the Spanish continental shelf requires very high resolution grids to be applied to localised regions near the coast. This fact involves the use of modelling techniques that makes this forecasting system different from other systems implemented in other regions. This article describes the wave forecasting system and the different techniques developed at Puertos del Estado to implement it.","PeriodicalId":315917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114291758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 45
Influences of atmospheric variability on freshwater input in Galician Rías in winter 冬季大气变率对加利西亚Rías淡水输入的影响
Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17417530601127472
M. N. Lorenzo, J. Taboada
{"title":"Influences of atmospheric variability on freshwater input in Galician Rías in winter","authors":"M. N. Lorenzo, J. Taboada","doi":"10.1080/17417530601127472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530601127472","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of the preferred modes of variation of the atmosphere in the North Hemisphere on the precipitation variability was evaluated in Galicia (NW Iberian Peninsula). The special location of Galicia requires consideration of the influence of several indices that characterize the atmosphere in order to explain the variability of precipitation and consequently the flow regime of its rivers. We calculate the correlation between the precipitation data obtained from 47 rain-gauge stations covering Galicia from 1977 to 1998 and the five principal teleconnection patterns on the Atlantic area of North Hemisphere (NAO, EA, EA/WR, SCA, and POL). The results obtained show significant correlations between winter precipitation and these patterns, and clear spatial distribution of their influence within Galicia. This result could be related directly to the freshwater discharge in the different Galician Rias each winter, which would improve the hydrodynamical description of these estuaries.","PeriodicalId":315917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130141518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 34
The relationship between satellite and meteorological model-derived winds with those from ocean buoys within the Bay of Biscay 卫星和气象模式导出的风与比斯开湾内海洋浮标的风之间的关系
Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17417530601127753
A. Caballero, Y. Sagarmínaga, M. Espino
{"title":"The relationship between satellite and meteorological model-derived winds with those from ocean buoys within the Bay of Biscay","authors":"A. Caballero, Y. Sagarmínaga, M. Espino","doi":"10.1080/17417530601127753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530601127753","url":null,"abstract":"Output from the global forecast system (GFS) meteorological model and measurements derived from the QuikSCAT satellite are investigated, comparing them with in situ data obtained from moored buoys. In order to undertake these comparisons, one year (April 2003–March 2004) of wind data from the GFS model and from the QuikSCAT satellite were co-located with the in situ data; retaining spatial differences of less than 0.4° longitude−0.5° latitude and temporal differences of  0.68 for the ...","PeriodicalId":315917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128565733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A subtropical water intrusion spring-event in the shelf-slope of the south-western Bay of Biscay after strong wind-forcing pulses 比斯开湾西南陆架坡在强风脉冲后的副热带水侵春季事件
Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17417530601129148
C. González-Pola, M. Ruíz-Villarreal, A. Lavín, J. Cabanas, E. Álvarez-Fanjul
{"title":"A subtropical water intrusion spring-event in the shelf-slope of the south-western Bay of Biscay after strong wind-forcing pulses","authors":"C. González-Pola, M. Ruíz-Villarreal, A. Lavín, J. Cabanas, E. Álvarez-Fanjul","doi":"10.1080/17417530601129148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530601129148","url":null,"abstract":"Two consecutive multidisciplinary surveys, covering the north and north-western part of the Iberian shelf and slope during spring 2000, showed a dramatic change in the oceanographic conditions as a result of a southern water intrusion that replaced shelf and slope waters down to 300 m depth. The intrusion covered an alongshore distance of ∼400 km from the north of Cape Finisterre to the centre of the Cantabrian Sea, and was developed in less than a month between the two occupations of the same area. The analysis of surface currents from several buoys moored over the slope allow us to associate the emerging oceanographic configuration after the event with a strong and well-defined slope current, although during winter 1999–2000 the entrance of the Iberian Poleward Current (IPC) in the Bay of Biscay was very weak. The rapid development of the intrusion is discussed in relation with the unusual strong wind forcing pulse that occurred between the cruises. Our results highlight the importance of variability sc...","PeriodicalId":315917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science","volume":"1 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127802290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 16
Variation in upwelling intensity along the NorthWest Iberian Peninsula (Galicia) 伊比利亚半岛西北部(加利西亚)上升流强度的变化
Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17417530601127480
I. Alvarez, M. Gómez-Gesteira, M. Decastro, R. Prego
{"title":"Variation in upwelling intensity along the NorthWest Iberian Peninsula (Galicia)","authors":"I. Alvarez, M. Gómez-Gesteira, M. Decastro, R. Prego","doi":"10.1080/17417530601127480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530601127480","url":null,"abstract":"Thermohaline variables were simultaneously measured, July 17, 2000, at four Galician rias under favourable upwelling conditions to analyse upwelling intensity. The intensity of coastal upwelling is shown to be strongly dependent on the wind pattern. The maximum amplitudes of wind stress were observed at the western coast (0.30 Nm−2) with southward direction (favourable to upwelling) and these are shown to be related to low temperature (12°C) and high salinity (35.8) in the estuaries mouth. From Cape Finisterre to Cape Estaca de Bares the wind stress showed a lower magnitude (0.05–0.10 Nm−2) with a direction oblique to the coast. The temperature showed an increase (14°C) and the salinity a decrease (35.4) because the lower upwelling intensity at this part of the coast. The observed decrease in upwelling from south to north is not an isolated event, since the measured wind conditions are persistent during summer months, at least in the period with available QuikSCAT data (1999–2004).","PeriodicalId":315917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121575252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Ekman transport patterns in the area close to the Galician coast (NW, Spain) 加利西亚海岸附近地区(西班牙西北部)的Ekman运输模式
Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17417530601127548
J. Cabanas, I. Alvarez
{"title":"Ekman transport patterns in the area close to the Galician coast (NW, Spain)","authors":"J. Cabanas, I. Alvarez","doi":"10.1080/17417530601127548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530601127548","url":null,"abstract":"A 40 year time series of daily and monthly Ekman transport is analysed in an oceanic area 150 km offshore Cape Finisterre (43°N, 11°W). The periodicity of the signal showed an annual component (365 days), a seasonal fluctuation (50 days) and a time scale related to passing storms (20 days). The Ekman transport showed different seasonal patterns. Thus, the summer pattern is characterized by transport pointing seaward (upwelling favourable) practically perpendicular to the shoreline, while the winter pattern is characterized by transport pointing landward (downwelling favourable). Although the most favourable upwelling conditions were observed during summer, for the last 15 years the frequency of observed winter upwelling events is higher due to the prevalence of northerly winds.","PeriodicalId":315917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127774974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Intrusions of warm and salty waters onto the NW and N Iberian shelf in early spring and its relationship to climate variability 初春暖水和咸水侵入西北和北伊比利亚大陆架及其与气候变率的关系
Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17417530601127597
G. González-Nuevo, E. Nogueira
{"title":"Intrusions of warm and salty waters onto the NW and N Iberian shelf in early spring and its relationship to climate variability","authors":"G. González-Nuevo, E. Nogueira","doi":"10.1080/17417530601127597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530601127597","url":null,"abstract":"Temperature and salinity data from a series of cruises carried out on the NW and N Iberian shelf, between 1987 and 2005 during early spring, were analysed to investigate the inter-annual variability of the intrusions of warm and salty waters into the Cantabrian Sea, and its relationship with the meridional sea surface temperature (SST) gradient in the NE Atlantic and the main modes of climate variability affecting the Northern Hemisphere. A sub-surface front, that separates warmer and saltier (i.e. spicy) waters in the westernmost part of the Iberian shelf from the colder and fresher waters, characteristic of the easternmost part of the southern Bay of Biscay, was observed in all the analysed years. The location of this sub-surface front, which defines the limit of the influence of the Subtropical mode of Eastern North Atlantic Central Water (ENACWst) advected by the Iberian Poleward Current (IPC), varied approximately between Finisterre Cape (43°N, 9°W) and Penas Cape (43.5°N, 6°W), being located on aver...","PeriodicalId":315917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114229009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
One year validation of wave forecasting at Galician coast 加利西亚海岸一年海浪预报的验证
Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17417530601127746
P. García, C. Balseiro, E. Penabad, B. Gómez, V. Pérez‐Muñuzuri
{"title":"One year validation of wave forecasting at Galician coast","authors":"P. García, C. Balseiro, E. Penabad, B. Gómez, V. Pérez‐Muñuzuri","doi":"10.1080/17417530601127746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530601127746","url":null,"abstract":"A wave forecasting system based on the third generation model WAVEWATCH III was developed by MeteoGalicia (Regional Meteorological Office of Galicia). During 2005 two implementations of the wave forecasting system were operational, running daily to perform a wave forecast at different scales for the next 96 h. In the initial implementation, wave generation was calculated using the global NCEP/NOAA (National Center for Environmental Prediction) GFS (Global Forecast System) and MeteoGalicia ARPS (Advanced Regional Prediction System) 10-m wind forcing as input. New improvements to this system were introduced in spring 2005 using only GFS wind forcing. The influence on wave forecasting of these two different wind inputs is analysed in detail and results are compared with one year field data from the Puertos del Estado-Clima Maritimo (PE-CM) deep water buoys network.","PeriodicalId":315917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134304144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Modelling the main features of the Algarve coastal circulation during July 2004 : A downscaling approach 模拟2004年7月阿尔加维沿海环流的主要特征:缩小尺度方法
Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science Pub Date : 2005-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/17417530601127704
P. Leitão, H. Coelho, A. Santos, R. Neves
{"title":"Modelling the main features of the Algarve coastal circulation during July 2004 : A downscaling approach","authors":"P. Leitão, H. Coelho, A. Santos, R. Neves","doi":"10.1080/17417530601127704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530601127704","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a methodology for simulating the Algarve coastal circulation using realistic forcing (e.g. low-frequency circulation, tide, high-resolution atmospheric forcing). Low-frequency open boundary conditions are defined via a downscaling of the HYCOM-US operational solution for the Gulf of Cadiz. Atmospheric forcing is imposed using the MM5 high-resolution mesoscale model (9 km resolution near the coast). A 3-level nesting system based on the MOHID numerical system is implemented. The higher nesting level has a horizontal resolution of 0.02° along the Algarve coast. The methodology is first validated qualitatively. A comparison between the numerical results and the conceptual model of the circulation described in the literature is presented. A quantitative validation is also performed, based mainly on remote sensing data (sea surface temperature and altimetry) available for July 2004. The numerical system is able to reproduce many of the circulation features described in the literature (e.g...","PeriodicalId":315917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science","volume":"118 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134173636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 68
Precipitation and Evaporation Budgets over the Baltic Proper: Observations and Modelling 波罗的海地区降水和蒸发收支:观测和模式
Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science Pub Date : 2005-09-01 DOI: 10.1080/17417530500513756
A. Smedman, S. Gryning, K. Bumke, U. Högström, A. Rutgersson, E. Batchvarova, G. Peters, B. Hennemuth, B. Tammelin, Reijo Hyvönen, A. Omstedt, D. Michelson, T. Andersson, M. Clemens
{"title":"Precipitation and Evaporation Budgets over the Baltic Proper: Observations and Modelling","authors":"A. Smedman, S. Gryning, K. Bumke, U. Högström, A. Rutgersson, E. Batchvarova, G. Peters, B. Hennemuth, B. Tammelin, Reijo Hyvönen, A. Omstedt, D. Michelson, T. Andersson, M. Clemens","doi":"10.1080/17417530500513756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17417530500513756","url":null,"abstract":"Precipitation and evaporation budgets over the Baltic Sea were studied in a concerted project called PEP in BALTEX (Pilot study of Evaporation and Precipitation in the Baltic Sea), combining extensive field measurements and modelling efforts. Eddy-correlation-measurements of turbulent heat flux were made on a semi-continuous basis for a 12 month period at four well-exposed coastal sites in the Baltic Proper (the main basin of the Baltic Sea). Precipitation was measured at land-based sites with standard gauges and on four merchant ships travelling between Germany and Finland with the aid of specially designed ship rain gauges (SRGs). The evaporation and precipitation regime of the Baltic Sea was modelled for a 12 month period by applying a wide range of numerical models: the operational atmospheric High Resolution Limited Area Model (HIRLAM, Swedish and Finnish versions), the German atmospheric REgional-scale MOdel, REMO, the operational German Europe Model (only precipitation), the oceanographic model PRO...","PeriodicalId":315917,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Atmospheric & Ocean Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130675997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
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