2020 2nd Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS)最新文献_第4页

Taxonomy and Universal Success Parameters of Token Models in Distributed Ledger Systems 分布式账本系统中令牌模型的分类和通用成功参数

2020 2nd Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223298

Philip Toepffer, Dirk Thatmann

引用次数: 2

Blockchain brings confidence to facilitate the flow of data in the agricultural field 区块链带来信心，促进农业领域的数据流动

2020 2nd Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223315

L. Topart, Philippe Genestier, Yvan Picaud

引用次数: 3

A Truth-Inducing Sybil Resistant Decentralized Blockchain Oracle 一个诱导真相的抗西比尔去中心化区块链Oracle

2020 2nd Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223272

Yuxi Cai, G. Fragkos, Eirini-Eleni Tsiropoulou, A. Veneris

{"title":"A Truth-Inducing Sybil Resistant Decentralized Blockchain Oracle","authors":"Yuxi Cai, G. Fragkos, Eirini-Eleni Tsiropoulou, A. Veneris","doi":"10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223272","url":null,"abstract":"Many blockchain applications use decentralized oracles to trustlessly retrieve external information as those platforms are agnostic to real-world information. Some existing decentralized oracle protocols make use of majority-voting schemes to determine the outcomes and/or rewards to participants. In these cases, the awards (or penalties) grow linearly to the participant stakes, therefore voters are indifferent between voting through a single or multiple identities. Furthermore, the voters receive a reward only when they agree with the majority outcome, a tactic that may lead to herd behavior. This paper proposes an oracle protocol based on peer prediction mechanisms with non-linear staking rules. In the proposed approach, instead of being rewarded when agreeing with a majority outcome, a voter receives awards when their report achieves a relatively high score based on a peer prediction scoring scheme. The scoring scheme is designed to be incentive compatible so that the maximized expected score is achieved only with honest reporting. A non-linear stake scaling rule is proposed to discourage Sybil attacks. This paper also provides a theoretical analysis and guidelines for implementation as reference.","PeriodicalId":315392,"journal":{"name":"2020 2nd Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133197306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

DefenseChain: Consortium Blockchain for Cyber Threat Intelligence Sharing and Defense defensecchain:网络威胁情报共享和防御联盟区块链

2020 2nd Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223313

Soumya Purohit, P. Calyam, Songjie Wang, RajaniKanth Yempalla, Justin Varghese

{"title":"DefenseChain: Consortium Blockchain for Cyber Threat Intelligence Sharing and Defense","authors":"Soumya Purohit, P. Calyam, Songjie Wang, RajaniKanth Yempalla, Justin Varghese","doi":"10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223313","url":null,"abstract":"Cloud-hosted applications are prone to targeted attacks such as DDoS, advanced persistent threats, cryptojacking which threaten service availability. Recently, methods for threat information sharing and defense require co-operation and trust between multiple domains/entities. There is a need for mechanisms that establish distributed trust to allow for such a collective defense. In this paper, we present a novel threat intelligence sharing and defense system, namely “DefenseChain”, to allow organizations to have incentive-based and trustworthy co-operation to mitigate the impact of cyber attacks. Our solution approach features a consortium Blockchain platform to obtain threat data and select suitable peers to help with attack detection and mitigation. We propose an economic model for creation and sustenance of the consortium with peers through a reputation estimation scheme that uses ‘Quality of Detection’ and ‘Quality of Mitigation’ metrics. Our evaluation experiments with DefenseChain implementation are performed on an Open Cloud testbed with Hyperledger Composer and in a simulation environment. Our results show that the DefenseChain system overall performs better than state-of-the-art decision making schemes in choosing the most appropriate detector and mitigator peers. In addition, we show that our DefenseChain achieves better performance trade-offs in terms of metrics such as detection time, mitigation time and attack reoccurence rate. Lastly, our validation results demonstrate that our DefenseChain can effectively identify rational/irrational service providers.","PeriodicalId":315392,"journal":{"name":"2020 2nd Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133204004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Facilitating the Decentralised Exchange of Cryptocurrencies in an Order-Driven Market 在订单驱动的市场中促进加密货币的去中心化交易

2020 2nd Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223286

Moritz Platt, F. Pierangeli, G. Livan, Simone Righi

{"title":"Facilitating the Decentralised Exchange of Cryptocurrencies in an Order-Driven Market","authors":"Moritz Platt, F. Pierangeli, G. Livan, Simone Righi","doi":"10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223286","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses a protocol to facilitate decentralised exchanges on an order-driven market through a consortium of market services operators. We discuss whether this hybrid protocol combining a centralised initiation phase with a decentralised execution phase outperforms fully centralised exchanges with regards to efficiency and security. Here, a fully efficient and fully secure protocol is defined as one where traders incur no trading costs or opportunity costs and counterparty risk is absent. We devise a protocol addressing the main downsides in the decentralised exchange process that uses a facilitating distributed ledger, maintains an order book and monitors the order status in real-time to provide accurate exchange rate information and performance scoring of participants. We show how performance ratings can lower opportunity costs and how a rolling benchmark rate of verifiable trades can be used to establish a trustworthy exchange rate between cryptocurrencies. The formal validation of the proposed technical mechanisms is the subject of future work.","PeriodicalId":315392,"journal":{"name":"2020 2nd Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115369653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterizing relationships between primary miners in Ethereum by analyzing on-chain transactions 通过分析链上交易来表征以太坊主矿工之间的关系

2020 2nd Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223303

Daniel Rincon Silva

{"title":"Characterizing relationships between primary miners in Ethereum by analyzing on-chain transactions","authors":"Daniel Rincon Silva","doi":"10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223303","url":null,"abstract":"It is widely accepted that Ethereum mining is highly centralized. Nonetheless, centralization has been mostly characterized by exclusively looking at the influence that independent miners or mining pools can have over the network. Moreover, models of mining behavior assume that miners are either unrelated or only relate via mining pools under highly structured and transparent agreements. If these assumptions and the predictions they entail were to be completely accurate, there would not be any evidence of on-chain transactions between miners, other than the ones expected from mining pool payouts. By looking at on-chain transactions between miners in the Ethereum Network we find that aside from the payouts from mining pools to small miners, there are also transactions that define relationships between mining pools, independent miners and between independent miners and mining pools. Furthermore, by characterizing the topology of the network of miner transactions, we find the emergence of highly connected clusters that control significant amounts of hashing power and exhibit relationships in the opposite direction of what theoretical models predict. This more nuanced characterization of mining centralization can help identify network vulnerabilities and inform protocol redesigns.","PeriodicalId":315392,"journal":{"name":"2020 2nd Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128440290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

E-IOTA: an efficient and fast metamorphism for IOTA E-IOTA:一种高效、快速的IOTA变质作用

2020 2nd Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223294

Gewu Bu, Wassim Hana, M. Potop-Butucaru

{"title":"E-IOTA: an efficient and fast metamorphism for IOTA","authors":"Gewu Bu, Wassim Hana, M. Potop-Butucaru","doi":"10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223294","url":null,"abstract":"IOTA opened recently a new line of research in distributed ledgers area by targeting algorithms that ensure a high throughput for the transactions generated in IoT systems. Transactions are continuously appended to an acyclic structure called Tangle. Each new transaction selects and approves, as parents, two existing transactions who have not been approved yet (called Tips). Recent research indicates that, IOTA suffers from a Fairness Problem, where a part of submitted transactions might not be approved by new coming transactions. They are called Left-Behind transactions. Recently, G-IOTA has been proposed: by using the Left-Behind Protection mechanism, G-IOTA can fix the fairness problem. G-IOTA, however, needs additional computation resources for left-behind protection mechanism, which is not suitable for an energy-aware IoT system. Furthermore, both IOTA and G-IOTA suffer from a potential security defect. This side effect reduces the Unpredictability when transactions are appended to the tangle. Leaking the unpredictability, an adversary can easily induce the tendency of transactions appending to the tangle. This approach is called Prediction Attack. In this paper, we propose E-IOTA to solve the fairness problem and at the same time, guarantee the unpredictability of the tangle. Interestingly, our real scenario simulation shows that E-IOTA offers better performance efficiency compared to G-IOTA and even original IOTA. Simultaneously, E-IOTA retains the core data structure of IOTA, which makes E-IOTA be compatible with current IOTA implementation. Our solution can therefore be a perfect alternative solution for current IOTA.","PeriodicalId":315392,"journal":{"name":"2020 2nd Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132669706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Process Scheduling of Personal Identity Verification on Decentralized Trust 去中心化信任下的个人身份验证进程调度

2020 2nd Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223301

Koki Inoue, Dai Suzuki, T. Kurita, Satoshi Imai

{"title":"Process Scheduling of Personal Identity Verification on Decentralized Trust","authors":"Koki Inoue, Dai Suzuki, T. Kurita, Satoshi Imai","doi":"10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223301","url":null,"abstract":"Several working groups are coping with an ecosystem where a user manages his/her own digital identity (ID) information among different organizations or companies by decentralized manner. We have also been developing a platform for trustworthy ID exchange, named IDYX. In the platform, personal identity verification (PIV) process will be realized by verifying credentials about users’ information issued by other organizations. Thanks to that kind of the ID cooperation, the users can prove their ID online by using the credentials and will no longer need to take procedure for every organization when updating their ID information registered there. However, the organizations’ policies to identify a user and relationships among the organizations bring a complicated problem, that is, how to get a better schedule of ID cooperation around them. In this paper, we formulate the scheduling problem as an integer linear programming, and propose a heuristic method based on graph structure. Numerical experiments show that the heuristic approach has feasible scalability for practical use.","PeriodicalId":315392,"journal":{"name":"2020 2nd Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131316795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

DMix: decentralized mixer for unlinkability DMix:去中心化的不可连接混合器

2020 2nd Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223282

Fadi Barbàra, C. Schifanella

引用次数: 1

AI pedigree verification platform using blockchain 使用区块链的AI家谱验证平台

2020 2nd Conference on Blockchain Research & Applications for Innovative Networks and Services (BRAINS) Pub Date : 2020-09-01 DOI: 10.1109/BRAINS49436.2020.9223307

Yasutaka Kawamoto, Akihiro Kobayashi

引用次数: 2