Grafia最新文献

{"title":"The Network between Heart and Liver from the View of Persian Medicine Versus Conventional Medicine.","authors":"Azadeh Zarei, Mehrdad Karimi, Hossein Rezaeizadeh","doi":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.2557","DOIUrl":"10.31661/gmj.v12i.2557","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Liver and heart are two important organs in the human body, whose function strongly affects other organs. On the other hand, these two main organs affect each other due to common metabolic pathways. Therefore, a disorder in any of them can lead to disease in other organs. Today, using the network medicine perspective, these complex connections can be easily mapped and discovered. From the Persian medicine viewpoint, links are formed based on the material causes of diseases, while from the conventional medicine viewpoint, they are mostly formed due to metabolites, genes, and pathways.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this article, we first investigated the recent articles of conventional medicine that examine the relationship between heart and liver in the important databases. Then, we checked out the sources of Persian medicine and finally, using the RStudio software used in network medicine for text mining, we drew the communication network centered on heart and liver and their mutual causes from the perspective of Persian Medicine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Examining the network connection between the heart and the liver showed that the definitions based on Persian medicine, which are based on the material causes of diseases, are very compatible with the genes, metabolites and pathways between these two organs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Understanding these concepts can be helpful in detecting the co-occurrence of diseases of these two organs, as well as predicting the possible occurrence of related diseases between the heart and liver, and ultimately in better treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":31526,"journal":{"name":"Grafia","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11108664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90988416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Os símbolos e representações femininas da arte cemiterial no período republicano do Rio Grande do Sul/ Brasil (1889-1930)","authors":"Clarisse Ismério","doi":"10.26564/16926250.671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26564/16926250.671","url":null,"abstract":"Resumo A educacao feminina no Rio Grande do Sul foi marcada pela influencia do discurso positivista republicano, que reforcou a mentalidade conservadora, cujo objetivo era tirar a mulher do campo profissional e cientifico. Esse discurso e bastante difundido nas manifestacoes culturais e na arte cemiterial, no qual a finalidade maior era consolidar junto ao imaginario popular o simbolo da perfeicao feminina, inspirado em Clotilde de Vaux, personificacao da Religiao da Humanidade. Podemos perceber, atraves da analise da arte cemiterial, que tais representacoes visavam educar a populacao e, principalmente, a mulher, conscientizando-a de seus deveres e de seu lugar dentro da sociedade. Palavras Chave :  Representacoes femininas, arte cemiterial, mentalidade conservadora.  ********************************************************************** Female symbols and representations cemiterial art in the Republican period in the state of Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil (1889-1930) Abstract Female education in Rio Grande do Sul was marked by the influence of the republican positivist discourse that reinforced the mentality conservative, whose goal was to take the woman away from their professional and scientific field. This discourse is widespread in cultural events and cemeterial art, in which the greatest purpose was to consolidate near the popular imagination the symbol of feminine perfection, inspired by Clotilde de Vaux, the personification of the Religion of Humanity. We can see through the analysis of cemeterial art that such representations were intended to educate the public, and especially women, raising awareness of her duties and their place in society by manipulating the popular imagination with symbols and signs. Key Words:  Representations, womanly, cemeterial art, conservative mentality. **********************************************************************  Los simbolos y representaciones femeninas del arte cementerial en el  periodo republicano en el estado de Rio Grande del Sur –Brasil (1889-1930) Resumen  La educacion femenina en el Estado de Rio Grande del Sur estuvo marcada por la influencia del discurso positivista republicano que reforzo la mentalidad conservadora, cuyo objetivo era alejar a la mujer del campo profesional y cientifico. Ese discurso es bastante difundido en las manifestaciones culturales y en el arte cemiterial, en el que el mayor proposito era consolidar em el imaginario popular el simbolo de la perfeccion femenina, inspirado por Clotilde de Vaux, personificacion de la Religion de la Humanidad. Podemos percibir a traves del analisis del arte cementerial que tales representaciones tenian la intencion de educar al publico, y especialmente a las mujeres, dando cuenta de sus obligaciones y de su lugar dentro de la sociedad, manipulando la imaginacion popular con simbolos y signos. Palabras Clave:  Representaciones, mujer, arte cementerial, mentalidad conservadora.","PeriodicalId":31526,"journal":{"name":"Grafia","volume":"13 1","pages":"48-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69000038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“[…] Y por eso fue que llegué a la ciudad”. Movilidad social, conflicto armado y territorio en el Pacífico Colombiano. Voces de estudiantes afrocolombianos de la FUAC","authors":"Ó. Ruiz","doi":"10.26564/16926250.669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26564/16926250.669","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen: El conflicto armado que por decadas ha azotado al pais tiene en la region Pacifica uno de sus escenarios de reproduccion. La region, historicamente olvidada y marginalizada tanto del proceso de constitucion de la Nacion, como de las obligaciones estatales en materia de Derechos Humanos, padece distintas formas de violencia. Muchos estudiantes de la Universidad Autonoma llegan a Bogota provenientes de alguno de los cuatro Departamentos que componen el litoral, en busca de mejores oportunidades de vida. Distintas son las razones que explican el viaje. El texto pretende hacer visible esa movilidad con base en los testimonios de estudiantes afrocolombianos. Palabras Clave:  Territorio, territorialidad, identidad colectiva, comunidades afrodescendientes. ********************************************************************** “[…] And that is why I came to the city”. Social mobility, armed conflict and territory in the Colombian Pacific. Voices of Afro-Colombian students of the FUAC. Abstract The armed conflict that has struck the country for decades has, in the Pacific region, one of its scenarios of reproduction. The region, historically forgotten and marginalized both from the process of formation of the Nation and from the Human Rights State obligations, suffers from different forms of violence. Many students at the Universidad Autonoma came to Bogota from one of the four Departments that form the littoral, searching for better life opportunities. There are different reasons that explain the journey. The text aims to make visible this mobility based on the testimonies of Afro-Colombian students. Key words:  Territory, territoriality, collective identity, afro-descendant communities. ********************************************************************** “[…] Por isso foi que cheguei a cidade”.  Mobilidade social, conflito armado e territorio no Pacifico colombiano. Vozes de estudantes afrocolombianos da FUAC. Resumo: O conflito armado que por decadas tem sofrido o pais, tem presenca particular na Regiao Pacifica, tradicionalmente esquecida e marginalizada nao so na constituicao da Nacao, mas tambem na defesa dos direitos humanos. Ate hoje neste lugar coexistem diversas formas de violencia. Muitos estudantes da Universidad Autonoma chegam a Bogota desde os cuatro departamentos que conformam esse litoral Pacifico. O texto visa mostrar e sistematizar a mobilidade experimentada por estes estudantes. Palavras chave:  Territorio, identidade coletiva, comunidades afrodescendentes.","PeriodicalId":31526,"journal":{"name":"Grafia","volume":"13 1","pages":"9-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68999935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impostando la voz del pueblo. Poesía política de apariencia popular en la Nueva Granada (1717 – 1822)","authors":"Guillermo Molina Morales","doi":"10.26564/16926250.672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26564/16926250.672","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen La critica tiende a estudiar de forma diferenciada las dos grandes vertientes de la poesia colonial en espanol: la poesia culta y la poesia popular. En el presente articulo, planteamos la existencia de una produccion hibrida escrita por miembros de la “ciudad letrada” que utilizan recursos de la tradicion popular para conseguir una mayor difusion de su mensaje politico. En los cinco poemas estudiados, encontramos una multiplicidad de posibilidades para estos cruces, desde la reapropiacion de una melodia tradicional hasta la utilizacion de formas cultas puestas en boca de indigenas. En la conclusion, enfatizamos el interes de este enfoque para otras regiones y epocas. Palabras clave:  Poesia popular; ciudad letrada; literatura colonial; reapropiacion; hibridez ********************************************************************** Projecting the voice of the people. Political poetry of popular appearance in Nueva Granada (1717-1822)  Abstract The critique tends to study, in a differentiated manner, the two main strands of colonial poetry in Spanish: educated and popular poetry. In the present article we propose the existence of a hybrid production, written by members of the “Ciudad letrada”, who use resources from the popular tradition to get a greater dissemination of their political message. In the five poems studied, we find multiple possibilities for these intersections, from the re-appropiation of a traditional melody to the use of educated forms attributed to indigenes. In the conclusion, we emphasize how this approach may result interesting in the study of other regions and times. Key words:  Popular poetry, literate city, colonial literature, re-appropiation, hibridization. ********************************************************************** Impostando a voz do povo. Poesia politica de aparencia popular na Nova Granada (1717-1822) Resumo A critica tende a estudar de maneira particular, dois grandes vertentes da poesia colonial hispano falante: a poesia culta e a poesia popular. Em este artigo se fala de outra vertente, uma hibrida, produzida por membros da cidade letrada e com mensagens politicas, que aproveitava recursos da tradicao popular para atingir grande difusao. Sao estudados cinco poemas, neles sao achadas multiplas estrategias, desde a reapropriacao de melodias tradicionais ate a utilizacao de formas cultas pelos indigenas. Assim se chama a atencao sobre este enfoque para considerar em outras regioes. Palavras chave:  Poesia popular, cidade letrada, literatura colonial, reapropriacao, hibridez","PeriodicalId":31526,"journal":{"name":"Grafia","volume":"13 1","pages":"66-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69000152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El sentido de la enseñanza de las humanidades: una experiencia universitaria","authors":"A. M. Garníca, Á. Tarazona","doi":"10.26564/16926250.673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26564/16926250.673","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen: Este articulo compara la larga historia del humanismo europeo con la peculiar experiencia de las humanidades en la Universidad Industrial de Santander, hoy ya extinguidas, y plantea el posible retorno de la ensenanza de los studia humanitatis para satisfacer la permanente necesidad social de canones de orientacion de la conducta moral. En la Universidad Industrial de Santander nacio el Ejercito de Liberacion Nacional en los anos sesenta en una triangulacion con el ala urbana de Barrancabermeja y el ala rural de San Vicente de Chucuri, de manera que preguntarse por estos origenes cuando nacian las humanidades en la UIS, es preguntarse por el conflicto en Colombia y las transiciones y retos hacia el posacuerdo, especialmente si se reconoce que la universidad colombiana ha sido parte de este conflicto armado. Palabras clave:  Conflicto armado, Educacion superior, Ejercito de Liberacion Nacional, Estudios humanisticos, Humanidades, Universidad Industrial de Santander. ********************************************************************** The meaning of teaching Humanities: an university experience Abstract: This article contrasts the long history of European Humanism with the peculiar experience of Humanities at the Universidad Industrial de Santander, extinguished today, and poses the possible return of the teaching of studia humanitatis to satisfy the permanent social need of models of moral conduct. The Ejercito de Liberacion Nacional was born at the Universidad Industrial de Santander in the sixties, in a triangulation with the urban sector of Barrancabermeja and the rural sector of San Vicente de Chucuri, so asking about the origins of Humanities at the UIS is asking about Colombian conflict, and the transitions and challenges to the post-agreement, especially if the role of Colombian university in armed conflict is recognized Key Words:  Armed conflict, superior education, Ejercito de Liberacion Nacional, humanistic studies, humanities, Universidad Indusstrial de Santander. ********************************************************************** O sentido do ensino das humanidades: uma experiencia universitaria Resumo: Este artigo compara a longa historia do humanismo europeio com a experiencia particular das humanidades na Universidad Industrial de Santander, UIS, e salienta a possivel volta ao ensino dos studia humanitis para responder a permanente necessidade de orientacao moral. A guerrilha chamada Ejercito de Liberacion Nacional, ELN, nasceu nos anos sessenta na UIS, em conexao com organizacao urbana em Barrancabermeja e rural em San Vicente de Chucuri. Pensar esta origem, paralela ao nascimento das humanidades nessa faculdade, implica entao pensar no conflito colombiano, suas transicoes e desafios no cenario atual de post-acordo. Particularmente isto implica tambem reconhecer que a Universidade colombiana tem feito parte do conflito armado. Palavras chave:  Conflito armado, educacao superior, Ejercito de Liberacion Nacional, estudo","PeriodicalId":31526,"journal":{"name":"Grafia","volume":"13 1","pages":"82-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69000169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trayectorias de las relaciones bilaterales de Colombia y México con Estados Unidos","authors":"Lesly Katherin Herrera Riveros, J. G. Domínguez","doi":"10.26564/16926250.679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26564/16926250.679","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen La pertinencia de la firma del Tratado de Libre Comercio de Colombia con Estados Unidos ha sido puesta en debate en diferentes momentos, al igual que la firma del TLCAN por parte de Mexico. Con este ensayo se busca recapitular la trayectoria de las relaciones bilaterales de estos dos paises con Estados Unidos, con el fin de mostrarlas desde una perspectiva analitica de largo plazo e identificar los puntos clave de los acercamientos, sus implicaciones y posibles similitudes o diferencias. Se cierra con una breve introduccion a los acuerdos firmados en el proceso de apertura economica de cada pais y sus principales consecuencias. Palabras claves:  Dependencia economica y politica, politica exterior colombiana, Estados Unidos, Mexico. ********************************************************************** Trajectories of the bilateral relations of Colombia and Mexico with the United States Abstract The pertinence of the signature of the Free Trade Agreement between Colombia and the United States has been questioned at different times, as well as the signature of the North American Free Trade Agreement by Mexico. This essay aims at a reconstruction of the trajectory of the bilateral relations of Colombia and Mexico with the United States, in order to expose them from a long-term analytical perspective, and identify the key points of the approaches, their implications and possible similarities or differences. The essay concludes with a brief introduction of the signed agreements in the process of economic openness of each country and its main consequences. Key words:  Political and economic dependency, colombian exterior policy, United States, Mexico. ********************************************************************** Trajetorias das relacoes bilaterais entre a Colombia e o Mexico com os Estados Unidos Resumo: A pertinencia do Tratado de Libre Comercio entre a Colombia e os Estados Unidos, tem sido debatida em distintos momentos, mesmo como o TLCAN por parte do Mexico. Este ensaio visa conferir a trajetoria das relacoes bilaterais entre estes paises e os Estados Unidos e identifica pontos chave, implicacoes e possiveis semelhancas e diferencas entre eles. Mostra-se o conteudo geral dos acordos nos processos de apertura economica de cada pais, mesmo como suas consequencias. Palavras chave:  Dependencia economica e politica, politica exterior colombiana, Estados Unidos, Mexico.","PeriodicalId":31526,"journal":{"name":"Grafia","volume":"13 1","pages":"165-198"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69000286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dalí, un genio hacia la muerte","authors":"Hernando Escobar Vera","doi":"10.26564/16926250.674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26564/16926250.674","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen Este trabajo se propone analizar tres aspectos que se destacan en Soft self-portrait with grilled bacon (1941) de Salvador Dali (1904-1989): la mascara; la contiguidad entre lo blando y lo duro; y lo organico, comestible y en descomposicion. Estos aspectos se inscriben en el conjunto del sistema simbolico daliniano de tensiones que manifiestan el dislocamiento (y ambivalencia) entre el reconocimiento que Dali hace de su humanidad mortal y su deseo de trascendencia e inmortalidad. Asi, lo que se manifiesta como angustia en el psiquismo del artista catalan es transformado en fascinacion en su obra y en su vida, en las que se registran constantes alusiones al temor a la muerte y al deseo de trascenderla. Sin embargo, en este trabajo el enfasis no se pone en el psiquismo del artista sino en las mediaciones que le permiten elaborar una estetica a partir de su angustia (sublimarla) y en las particularidades de dicha estetica. Palabras clave : Salvador Dali; Soft self-portrait with grilled bacon (1941); autorretrato y autoficcion; arte y psicoanalisis; arte y muerte; angustia de muerte; falo; ambivalencia; sublimacion. ********************************************************************** Dali, a genious towards death Abstract This work aims to analyze three aspects that stand out in Soft self-portrait with grilled bacon (1941) by Salvador Dali (1904-1989): The mask, the contiguity between soft and hard; and the organic, edible and decomposing. These aspects enter in the set of Dalinian symbolic system of tensions that manifest the disruption (and ambivalence) between Dali’s recognition of his mortal humanity and his desire for transcendence and immortality. Thus, what is manifested as anguish in the psyche of the Catalan artist is transformed in fascination in his work and in his live, in which constant allusions to fear to death and the desire to transcend it are registered. Nevertheless, the emphasis of this work is not placed in the psyche of the artist, but in the mediations that allow him to create an esthetics from his anguish (to sublimate it) and in the particularities of this esthetics. Key words:  Salvador Dali; Soft self-portrait with grilled bacon (1941); Self-portrait and auto-fiction; Art and psychoanalysis; Art and death; Death anguish; Phallus; Ambivalence; Sublimation. ********************************************************************** Dali, um genio se aproximando a morte Resumo: Este trabalho visa analisar tres aspectos destacados da obra chamada Soft self-portrait with grilled bacon (1941) do pintor catala Salvador Dali: a mascara, a tensao entre o mole e o duro e finalmente o orgânico, o comestivel e o estragado. Estes aspectos estao inscritos no sistema simbolico do artista que manifestam o deslocamento e ambivalencia entre o reconhecimento que o artista faz da sua mortalidade e seu desejo de transcendencia imortal. Aquilo que se manifesta como angustia na psique de Dali, vira fascinacao na obra dele, nela ha constantes","PeriodicalId":31526,"journal":{"name":"Grafia","volume":"31 1","pages":"98-128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68999756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ausencias que interpelan. Prácticas de acción política colectiva de mujeres madres de desaparecidos en la ciudad de Medellín","authors":"H. Delgado","doi":"10.26564/16926250.680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26564/16926250.680","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen La reflexion que se presenta en este articulo se centra en las formas de expresion e incidencia politica que las mujeres madres de desaparecidos han elaborado a partir de la apropiacion de espacios de ciudad con fines de movilizacion en Medellin. Para lo anterior, se realizo el analisis de 6 casos de desaparicion forzada sucedidos entre los anos 1984 y 2011, a traves de las historias de vida de las madres que a causa de la desaparicion de familiares en el marco del conflicto armado, han configurado subjetividades politicas y de movilizacion social, liderando procesos de denuncia, y gestionando repertorios de accion colectiva que desarrollan la tension entre las victimas y los actores armados en los territorios. Palabras claves:  Desaparicion forzada, accion colectiva, madres, victimas, conflicto armado, resistencia. ********************************************************************** Absences that question us. Practices of collective political action of women who are mothers of disappeared persons in Medellin City. Abstract The reflection presented in this article focuses on the forms of political expression and incidence developed by women who are mothers of disappeared persons, from their appropriation of spaces in Medellin City for purposes of mobilization. To achieve this, the analysis of six cases of forced disappearance that took place between 1984 and 2011 was made, through the life histories of the mothers that, because of the disappearance of their relatives due to the armed conflict, have configured political and social-mobilization subjectivities, leading processes of accusation, and managing repertoires of collective action that develop the tension between victims and armed actors in the territories. Key words:  Forced disappearance, collective action, mothers, victims, armed conflict, resistance. ********************************************************************** Ausencias que interpelam. Praticas de acao politica coletiva de mulheres maes de pessoas desaparecidas em Medellin Resumo A reflexao apresentada neste artigo se foca nas formas de expressao e incidencia politica das maes de pessoas desaparecidas, quem tem gerado apropriacao dos espacos da cidade com fins de mobilizacao em Medellin. Foram analisados seis casos de desaparicao forcada no meio do conflito armado entre os anos de 1984 e 2011, em que as maes dos desaparecidos tem configurado subjetividades politicas de mobilizacao social, liderando processos de denuncia e gestao de repertorios de acao coletiva, tudo desenvolvido no meio da tensao entre as vitimas e os atores armados nos territorios. Palavras chave:  Desaparicao forcada, acao coletiva, maes, vitimas, conflito armado, resistencia.","PeriodicalId":31526,"journal":{"name":"Grafia","volume":"7 1","pages":"199-213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69000347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representaciones del crimen y el homicidio en Medellín - Colombia (1910 – 1930)","authors":"Juan David Alzate Alzate","doi":"10.26564/16926250.678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26564/16926250.678","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen: En este articulo se contrastara, inicialmente, el tono alarmante de las noticias de prensa y comunicados oficiales que hacian alusion al supuesto incremento de la criminalidad en Medellin iniciando el siglo XX, con algunos datos estadisticos que refutaban estas informaciones. Seguidamente, se hara referencia a una de las manifestaciones de la violencia urbana que derivaba comunmente en heridas graves o en homicidios: la rina. Finalmente, se realizara un reconocimiento de los lugares frecuentemente asociados a los homicidios; espacios que fueron coligados al delito y en los que progresivamente se solicito la vigilancia y el control por parte de las autoridades.  Palabras clave:  Medellin, criminalidad, homicidio, expedientes, rinas, violencia, policia. ********************************************************************** Representations of crime and homicide in Medellin - Colombia (1910 – 1930) Abstract In this article it will first be contrasted the alarming tone of press reports and official statements that refer to the alleged growth of criminality in Medellin, at the beginning of the 20th century, with some statistical data that disproved them. A reference will then be made to one of the manifestations of urban violence that usually led to grave injuries or homicides: the quarrel. Finally, a recognition will be made of the places frequently associated with homicides; spaces that were associated to crime, and at which the vigilance and control by authorities was progressively demanded.     Palabras clave:  Medellin, criminality, homicide, records, quarrels, violence, police. ********************************************************************** Representacoes do crime e homicidio em  Medellin - Colombia (1910-1930) Resumo: Neste artigo sao contrastados o alarmante tom das noticias de jornal e comunicados oficiais que alertavam sobre um suposto incremento da criminalidade em Medellin no comeco do seculo XX, e os dados estatisticos que refutavam tais informacoes. Tambem serao referenciadas as brigas como manifestacoes de violencia urbana que comumente derivavam em feridas graves e homicidios. Por ultimo se realiza um reconhecimento de aqueles lugares associados aos assassinatos, espacos que por serem associados ao crime, tiveram processos particulares de vigilância e controle por parte das autoridades. Palavras chave:  Medellin, crime, homicidio, brigas, violencia, policia.","PeriodicalId":31526,"journal":{"name":"Grafia","volume":"13 1","pages":"147-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68999773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“La única libertad que tienen estos infelices es la de solicitar amo”. Esclavos y justicia en Ibagué 1750-1810","authors":"Jeisson Alberto Ducuara Nieto","doi":"10.26564/16926250.670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26564/16926250.670","url":null,"abstract":"Resumen Este articulo analiza el uso del sistema juridico judicial por parte de los esclavos de la ciudad de Ibague como estrategia para cambiar de amo en el periodo comprendido de 1750-1810. Igualmente, presenta las posibilidades que la legislacion les brindaba a los esclavos para defenderse y hace una breve descripcion de los oficios en los que se les utilizaba. En este sentido se entiende que los esclavos usaban de manera oportuna argumentos, pruebas y testigos, lo que les permitio fortalecer su demanda. Este trabajo se realiza tomando como referencia las peticiones judiciales interpuestas por esclavos en el Cabildo local y en la Real Audiencia. Palabras clave:  Esclavos, justicia, ley, cultura judicial, resistencia. ********************************************************************** “The only freedom these miserable people have is to ask for a master”. Slaves and justice in Ibague 1750-1810 Abstract This article provides an analysis of the use of the legal judicial system by slaves at Ibague City as a strategy to change their masters between 1750-1810. It also presents the possibilities that legislation made available for the slaves to defend themselves, and offers a brief description of the trades in which they were used. In this sense, it is understood that slaves used opportunely arguments, proofs and witnesses, which allowed them to strengthen their demand. This work uses as a reference judicial petitions brought by slaves at the town council and at the Royal Audience. Key words:  Slaves, justice, law, judicial culture, resistance. ********************************************************************** “A unica liberdade que os infelizes tem e solicitar amo”. Escravos e justica em Ibague, 1750-1810 Resumo Este artigo faz analise das estrategias usadas pelos escravos para mudar de amo por meio do sistema juridico judicial na cidade de Ibague, no periodo de 1750-1810. Assim, o texto apresenta as possibilidades de defesa dos escravos oferecidas pela legislacao e descreve os oficios que estavam obrigados a realizar. Gracas ao aproveitamento desta legislacao a traves do uso oportuno de argumentos, provas e testemunhas, a demanda dos escravos foi aumentando. Este trabalho foi realizado pegando como referencia as peticoes judiciais impostas pelos escravos no Cabildo Local e na Real Audiencia. Palavras Chave: Escravos, justica, lei, cultura judicial, resistencia","PeriodicalId":31526,"journal":{"name":"Grafia","volume":"13 1","pages":"29-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68999958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}