Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development最新文献

{"title":"Current and Future Trends of the Automotive Industry","authors":"D. Schramm","doi":"10.21622/RESD.2015.01.2.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2015.01.2.233","url":null,"abstract":"Mobility, and especially individual physical mobility, is still an essential component of nearly all societies.The combustion engine was for more than a hundred years, and is still today, the backbone of road-based mobility. However, the guarantor for the triumphant advance of the combustion engine was by far not its technical superiority over its electrical rival at the beginning of the automobile era, but the energy density and the easy worldwide availability of fossil fuels as a means of energy storage. So, e.g. to store the energy equivalent of one kg Gasoline, a lithium ion battery with a mass of about 180 kg would be required (Schramm, 2012), even if the higher efficiency of the electric motor vs. the combustion engine is taken into account. Actually an electric motor is much better suited as a drive source for a motor vehicle as an internal combustion engine. Only the achievable energy density along with the cost of its chemical-process based storage, the battery, still prevent its immediate breakthrough in the automotive drive technology. Nevertheless, the German Government has set the target to bring at least a million electrified motor vehicles on Germany's roads by 2020, which is already impossible to reach from today’s perspective. However, strategies are needed to achieve a sustainable transition to electric mobility. This, in addition to continued research on high-efficiency batteries which also includes the development of vehicles that offer a good compromise between coverage, costs and consumption while satisfying the mobility needs of their users. Another trend that will lead to a paradigm shift in the use of individually-powered vehicles is the automation of the task of driving up to the highly automated or even autonomous vehicle. The technical prerequisites like sensors and actuators for these new systems are already available at least for application on motorways and rural regions, e.g. in Germany. More activities are required for robust algorithms and strategies to hand over control back to the driver in complex situations and even vice versa from the driver to the car in cases where the driver is unable to further control his car, e.g. in case of a heart attack. Another open field is the question of the responsibility in case of an accident along with even ethic problems. A widely uncharted aspect is the individual customer who is expected and needed to buy the vehicle and his/her behaviour of vehicle use. For this reason currently a variety of activities is underway to find out how cars are actually being used in different countries. Those different usage scenarios would have a significant effect on the availability, environmental impact and economics notably of electrified vehicles. So a project funded by the German government is the Ruhr Car Sharing Project operated by the University of Duisburg-Essen and their partners for several years especially for electric and hybrid vehicles (Tewiele et al., 2015). Still unidentifi","PeriodicalId":31382,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68575738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability and energy self-sufficiency; overcoming the barriers","authors":"Rania abdel galil","doi":"10.21622/resd.2015.01.2.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21622/resd.2015.01.2.230","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31382,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68575476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changing Climate in the MENA Means Changing Energy Needs","authors":"A. Fenech","doi":"10.21622/RESD.2015.01.2.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2015.01.2.232","url":null,"abstract":"The leading authority on climate change, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has concluded that warming of the climate system is unequivocal, and will continue for centuries. The regions in the Middle East and Northern Africa (MENA) have experienced numerous extreme climate events over the past few years including the 2009 flooding in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; the 2005 dust storm in Al Asad, Iraq; water scarcity throughout the Arab MENA; and the rising sea levels on the Nile Delta coast, Egypt. A climate baseline can be developed for regions in the MENA by locating climate stations in the study area using observations made in the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS). For projections of future climate, global climate models (GCMs), mathematical equations that describe the physics, fluid motion and chemistry of the atmosphere, are the most advanced science available. The Climate Research Lab at the University of Prince Edward Island has a dataset available to researchers, called the Climate, Ocean and Atmosphere Data Exchange (COADE), that provides easy access to the output from forty global climate models used in the deliberations of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) including monthly global climate model projections of future climate change for a number of climate parameters including temperature and precipitation. Over the past 50 years, climate changes in the MENA Region have led to increases in annual mean temperatures and decreases in annual total precipitation. Applying all four greenhouse gas emission futures on a base climate normal of 1981-2010 to an ensemble of forty global climate models used in the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR5) results in future temperature increases for the MENA Region ranging from 1.6 to 2.3 degrees Celsius, and in a range of future precipitation changes from reductions of 11 percent to increases of 36 percent by the 2050s (2041-2070). These preliminary results should assist the MENA Region in planning its energy needs and its needs for renewable energy through increasing the understanding of how climate has impacted the region in the past, and how climate will impact in the future.","PeriodicalId":31382,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68575485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solitons and the new renewable energy approach","authors":"M. Akdi, M. B. Sedra","doi":"10.21622/resd.2015.01.2.264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21622/resd.2015.01.2.264","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims at deepening research on the new renewable energy production from the dams reservoir. Coupled to the solitary waves, the wind generated waves present an attractive natural phenomenon that deserves to be emphasized. The Adomain numerical method is used to model the practical observation regarding the soliton propagation. The concrete cases contained in this document provide an illustration of the given principals.","PeriodicalId":31382,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68576329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Neural Network Algorithm for Condition Monitoring of DC-link Capacitors Based on Capacitance Estimation","authors":"H. Soliman, Huai Wang, B. Gadalla, F. Blaabjerg","doi":"10.21622/RESD.2015.01.2.294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2015.01.2.294","url":null,"abstract":"In power electronic converters, reliability of DC-link capacitors is one of the critical issues. The estimation of their health status as an application of condition monitoring have been an attractive subject for industrial field and hence for the academic research filed as well. More reliable solutions are required to be adopted by the industry applications in which usage of extra hardware, increased cost, and low estimation accuracy are the main challenges. Therefore, development of new condition monitoring methods based on software solutions could be the new era that covers the aforementioned challenges. A capacitance estimation method based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm is therefore proposed in this paper. The implemented ANN estimated the capacitance of the DC-link capacitor in a back-toback converter. Analysis of the error of the capacitance estimation is also given. The presented method enables a pure software based approach with high parameter estimation accuracy.","PeriodicalId":31382,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68576014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Efficiency and Thermal Performance of The Y-source Converters for a Wide Voltage Range","authors":"B. Gadalla, E. Schaltz, Y. Siwakoti, F. Blaabjerg","doi":"10.21622/RESD.2015.01.2.300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2015.01.2.300","url":null,"abstract":"The Y-source topology has a unique advantage of having high voltages gain with small shoot through duty cycles. Furthermore, having the advantage of high modulation index which increase the power density and improve the performance of the converter. In this paper, a collective thermal and efficiency investigation has been performed in order to improve the reliability of the converter. Evaluation of relevant losses as ( switching, conduction, capacitor ESR, core and winding losses ), and evaluation of the junction temperature of the devices  under 25 C ambient temperature. The analysis is done for  different voltage gain factors (2, 3, and 4), and different winding factor (4, and 5) using PLECS toolbox. The results shows that the higher the voltage gain and winding factor, the higher power losses and rising in the junction temperature of the device.","PeriodicalId":31382,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68576075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of human induced changes on the distribution of important plant species in the northwestern coastal desert of Egypt","authors":"M. Halmy, P. Gessler, S. Heneidy","doi":"10.21622/RESD.2015.01.2.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2015.01.2.243","url":null,"abstract":"The application of species distribution modeling in deserts is a useful tool for mapping species and assessing the impact of human induced changes on individual species. Such applications are still rare, and this may be attributed to the fact that much of the arid lands and deserts around the world are located in inaccessible areas. Few studies have conducted spatially explicit modeling of plant species distribution in Egypt. The random forest modeling approach was applied to climatic and land-surface parameters to predict the distribution of ten important plant species in an arid landscape in the northwestern coastal desert of Egypt. The impact of changes in land use and climate on the distribution of the plant species was assessed. The results indicate that the changes in land use in the area have resulted in habitat loss for all the modeled species. Projected future changes in land use reveals that all the modeled species will continue to suffer habitat loss. The projected impact of modeled climate scenarios (A1B, A2A and B2A) on the distribution of the modeled species by 2040 varied. Some of the species were projected to be adversely affected by the changes in climate, while other species are expected to benefit from these changes. The combined impact of the changes in land use and climate pose serious threats to most of the modeled species. The study found that all the species are expected to suffer loss in habitat, except Gymnocarpos decanderus . The study highlights the importance of assessing the impact of land use/climate change scenarios on other species of restricted distribution in the area and can help shape policy and mitigation measures directed toward biodiversity conservation in Egypt.","PeriodicalId":31382,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68576256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Boost Converter – Revisited","authors":"B. Williams, T. C. Lim","doi":"10.21622/RESD.2015.01.2.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2015.01.2.271","url":null,"abstract":"The dc-to-dc boost converter is a single-switch, single-inductor, switching circuit used to efficiently transform energy from one dc voltage level to a greater voltage level of the same relative polarity. For a specific resistive load range, as the duty cycle decreases, the boost converter inductor enters a discontinuous current mode of operation - the output load current having decreased to a definable level. This paper analyses the fact that a further reduction of load current, as the duty cycle decreases towards zero, will always result in the re-emergence of a continuous inductor current condition. Further, at the other load extreme, high-current, progressively for increasing load current, starting at low duty cycle conditions, the minimum inductor current always increases from a fixed normalised current level, for a specific load range. These and other hitherto unexplored boost converter properties are analysed and verified mathematically and with PSpice simulations.","PeriodicalId":31382,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68575969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptive Artificial intelligence based fuzzy logic MPPTcontrol for stande-alone photovoltaic system under different atmospheric conditions","authors":"Zaghba Layachi, A. Borni, A. Bouchakour, N. Terki","doi":"10.21622/RESD.2015.01.1.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2015.01.1.011","url":null,"abstract":"there is an increased need for analysing the effect of atmospheric variables on photovoltaic (PV) production and performance. The outputs from the different PV cells in different atmospheric conditions, such as irradiation and temperature , differ from each other evidencing knowledge deficiency in PV systems [14]. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods are used to maximize the PV array output power by tracking continuously the maximum power point (MPP). Among all MPPT methods existing in the literature, perturb and observe (PO however, it presents drawbacks such as slow response speed, oscillation around the MPP in steady state, and even tracking in wrong way under rapidly changing atmospheric conditions. In order to allow a functioning around the optimal point Mopt, we have inserted a DC-DC converter (Buck–Boost) for a better matching between the PV and the load . This paper, we study the Maximum power point tracking using adaptive Intelligent fuzzy logic and conventional (P&O) control for stande-alone photovoltaic Array system .In particular, the performances of the controllers are analyzed under variation weather conditions with are constant temperature and variable irradiation. The proposed system is simulated by using MATLAB-SIMULINK. According to the results, fuzzy logic controller has shown better performance during the optimization.","PeriodicalId":31382,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development","volume":"235 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68574280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Position Control of Motor Drive Systems: A Data Driven Approach","authors":"H. Parastvand, M. Khosrowjerdi, N. M'Sirdi","doi":"10.21622/RESD.2015.01.1.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2015.01.1.044","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new model free approach to the design of robust PID controller for the position control of electrical machines, such as induction motor, synchronous motor and DC motor faced to un-modeled dynamics. It is illustrated that knowing the frequency response data is sufficient to calculate the family of robust PID controllers that satisfy -norm on the complementary sensitivity function. The usefulness of the proposed approach is demonstrated through simulation on an induction motor drive system.","PeriodicalId":31382,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68574697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}