Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable Management of Climate Change: The Case of the Middle East and North Africa Region","authors":"A. M. Taweel, V. I. Ugursal, Donnie Boodlal","doi":"10.21622/RESD.2015.01.1.146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2015.01.1.146","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is one of the major environmental challenges facing the world. Particularly vulnerable are arid and low-laying coastal areas, conditions that prevail through most of the Middle East and North Africa [MENA]. This region is an economically diverse one, including both the oil-rich economies in the Gulf and countries that are resource-scarce in relation to their population.  However, with about 23 percent of MENA’s population living on less than $2 a day, it is imperative that the climate change management strategies adopted be cost-effective and emphasize economic, social and human development while addressing the concerns arising from anthropogenic climate change. Over the past decades several national and international mechanisms were developed in an attempt to reduce the emissions considered to be mainly responsible for climate change, and to assist in coping with the adverse effects that are beginning to occur as a result of climate change. Unfortunately, many of these approaches are presently associated with economic penalties that often adversely affect the socio-economic welfare of the populace, particularly in low-, and medium-income countries. In this regard, it is informative to note the experience recently gained by Trinidad and Tobago [T&T] in its attempt to reduce GHG emissions without affecting the competitiveness of the industrial and agricultural sectors. Using appropriate decision making tools and a policy environment based on a combination of regulations and incentives, the environmental challenges can be turned into a vehicle for sustainable development. This paper discusses the factors that need to be considered while developing a sustainable climate change management approach for the MENA region and develops some recommendations that may be essential for achieving the desired climate change mitigation/adaptation actions while minimizing social disruption.","PeriodicalId":31382,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68575202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triple –E Vessels: Tonnage Measurement and Suez Canal Dues Assessment","authors":"E. H. Galall","doi":"10.21622/RESD.2015.01.1.184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2015.01.1.184","url":null,"abstract":"Container is growing faster than GDP, Shipping lines always attempt to augment efficiency by reducing cost and by attracting larger volumes of containers. As a result rising container freight rates the lines have been driven to increase economic of scale, by building mega ships and fewer mere efficient port calls. In 2011 Maersk line ordered up to 20 new “Triple- E “Class of container vessels delivers between 2013- 2015. These class of mega container vessels have its way through Suez Canal, other companies CMA, CGM also ordered this type of mega container vessels, in order to reach higher profits due to the achieved economics of scale It is believed that 20000 TEU could be the next target size. Present mega container fleet and any future feasible potential vessel capacity expansion more than 18000 TEU put Suez Canal route in strong competitive position. Meanwhile Panama Canal will not be able to handle vessels larger than 12600 TEU even after its expansion in 2015.","PeriodicalId":31382,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68575503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer for Different Fin Designs and Arrangements of Ceramic Plate-Fin High Temperature Heat Exchanger – Part II","authors":"Yitung Chen, Vijaisri Nagarajan","doi":"10.21622/resd.2015.01.1.098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21622/resd.2015.01.1.098","url":null,"abstract":"In this study numerical analysis is carried out for four different types of fins for top and bottom fin arrangement. The obtained results are compared with each other and the design with best heat transfer and minimum pressure drop is selected. The working fluids used in the model are sulfur trioxide, sulfur dioxide, oxygen and water vapor. The operating pressure is 1.5 MPa and the operating temperature ranges from 973 K to 1223 K. From the results it was found that the ripsaw fin design with thickness of 0.00005 m gives a good heat transfer rate with minimum pressure drop. The inverted bolt fins also gives a good heat transfer rate but due to the fin arrangement and the flow disturbances caused by the arrangement the pressure drop is the highest compared to other fins. The pressure drop and the heat transfer obtained for the rectangular and triangular fins are similar to each other. Friction factor, Colburn jfactor and dimensionless numbers like Nusselt number, Schmidt number are calculated for all the models. The average Nusselt number obtained for the ripsaw fin design with thickness of 0.00005 m for the top and bottom arrangement is 3.023. The friction factor for the ripsaw fins for the top and bottom arrangement is 0.589.","PeriodicalId":31382,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68574523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economical Feedback of Increasing Fuel Enrichment on Electricity Cost for VVER-1000","authors":"Mohammed Saad Dwiddar, I. A. El-Osery","doi":"10.21622/RESD.2015.01.1.224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2015.01.1.224","url":null,"abstract":"A methodology of evaluating the economics of the front-end nuclear fuel cycle with a price change sensitivity analysis for a VVER-1000 reactor core as a case study is presented. The effect of increasing the fuel enrichment and its corresponding reactor cycle length on the energy cost is investigated. The enrichment component was found to represent the highly expenses dynamic component affecting the economics of the front-end fuel cycle. Nevertheless, the increase of the fuel enrichment will increase the reactor cycle length, which will have a positive feedback on the electricity generation cost (cent/KWh). A long reactor operation time with a cheaper energy cost set the nuclear energy as a competitive alternative when compared with other energy sources.","PeriodicalId":31382,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68575425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Mechanism for Using Renewable Energy Applications in Remote Areas","authors":"S. Seleem","doi":"10.21622/resd.2015.01.1.131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21622/resd.2015.01.1.131","url":null,"abstract":"Currently our world is facing the challenge of natural resources depletion, specifically, the depletion of fossil fuel resources. Accordingly, the implementation of the sustainable energy sources is no longer a luxury, but a key issue for survival. Egypt is one of the most fortunate locations when it comes to renewable energies such as wind and solar but implementation remains lacking.  This paper addresses this matter by offering simple applicable solutions for remote areas such as Al-Wadi Al-Jadid and Sinai. The idea is based on creating a self-sustaining simple closed system that can be replicated in different settlements which offers prosperity for the local communities. The proposed system will be designed  to  address  the  technical,  financial  and  social  barriers  that  prevent  renewable energies from becoming widespread in Egypt. Such a system would consist of financial institutions, suppliers, local technical capacity building, and local awareness raising and education. In addition, using the fly ash material in concrete structures aims to save energy, to reduce using of cement as the fly ash replace about of 25 % of cement quantity. Accordingly the use of fly ash material leads to reducing the emission of CO 2 coming from the factories of cement. Simply, in order for renewable energy to spread, the community as a whole must benefit, private individuals must benefit by being able to make a living out of renewable energy, and the structures for finance must be available.","PeriodicalId":31382,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68575020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durability Probabilistic Evaluation of RC Structures Subjected to Chloride Ion","authors":"Han-seung Lee, M. Ismail, M. Hussin","doi":"10.21622/RESD.2015.01.1.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2015.01.1.160","url":null,"abstract":"Chloride attacks concrete structures becoming a primary factor that deteriorates the durability of concrete structures. For this reason, research has been conducted on chloride ion penetration and diffusion. This research produced an accurate durability life prediction through reliability assessments and proposes a prediction method for the chloride ion diffusion coefficient of a concrete applied assessment program for reliability. As a result, test materials were fabricated using different admixtures and chloride ion diffusion coefficient was calculated by applying an RCPT test at each equivalent age. Based on these results, reliability prediction formulas were indicated through the reliability analysis for a durability life design using a Monte Carlo method. In addition, propriety was verified through comparisons and analysis using the proposed formula with the investigated data for chloride ion diffusion.","PeriodicalId":31382,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68575271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Location and Parameters of Power System Stabilizer for Small Perturbation of Tunisian Network","authors":"Rim Ben Salah, M. Djebali, O. Kahouli, C. Bouchoucha, H. H. Abdallah","doi":"10.21622/RESD.2015.01.1.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2015.01.1.051","url":null,"abstract":"this paper proposes the static stability of Tunisian electrical network face to small perturbation to maintain the security of the entire system power. In this context, after linearized system, the determination of PSS placement is similar to finding which PSS has the most effect on a particular mode in a system by the participation factor method. Then, the PSS tuning is calculated by using method of residue. Our but is to improve the dynamic behavior of the electricity grid face to various small disturbances.","PeriodicalId":31382,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68574788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The VSAS approach gives the Best MPPT for Solar Energy Sources","authors":"N. M'Sirdi, B. Nehme","doi":"10.21622/RESD.2015.01.1.060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2015.01.1.060","url":null,"abstract":"More and more MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithms are in competition to maximize energy extracted from PV systems. This paper shows how to get the best algorithm (the most simple, fast and robust). VSAS (Variable Structure Automatic Systems) control methodology is applied to develop the control algorithm, to clarify the rationale behind and get the best optimization algorithm.","PeriodicalId":31382,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68574813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culture -independent Pathogenic Bacterial Communities in Bottled Mineral Water","authors":"H. Hassan","doi":"10.21622/RESD.2015.01.1.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21622/RESD.2015.01.1.197","url":null,"abstract":"Bottled mineral water (BMW) is an alternative to mains water and consider it to be better and safer. Access to safe BMW from the bacteria involving potential health hazard is essential to health. Cultivation-independent technique PCR-based single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) for genetic profiling of PCR-amplified 16S rRNA genes was performed using Com primer set targeting the 16S rRNA genes for detection of pathogenic bacteria in bottled mineral water from the final product of six factories for bottled mineral drinking water in Wadi El-natron region- Egypt. These factories use often ozone technology to treat large quantities of water because of its effectiveness in purifying and conditioning water. A total of 27 single products were isolated from the profiles by PCR re-amplification and cloning. Sequence analysis of 27 SSCP bands revealed that the 16S rRNA sequences were clustered into seven operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and the compositions of the communities of the six samples were all common. The results showed that most communities from phyla Alphaproteobacteria and certainly in the Sphingomonas sp . Culture-independent approaches produced complementary information, thus generating a more accurate view for the bacterial community in the BMW, particularly in the disinfection step, as it constitutes the final barrier before BMW distribution to the consumer","PeriodicalId":31382,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68575703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Shielding Treatment to Perform Cell Calculation for Seed Furl In Th/U Pwr Using Dragon Code","authors":"A. Hameed, M. Nagy, H. Abou-Gabal","doi":"10.21622/resd.2015.01.1.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21622/resd.2015.01.1.214","url":null,"abstract":"Time and precision of the results are the most important factors in any code used for nuclear calculations. Despite of the high accuracy of Monte Carlo codes, MCNP and Serpent, in many cases their relatively long computational time leads to difficulties in using any of them as the main calculation code. Usually, Monte Carlo codes are used only to benchmark the results. The deterministic codes, which are usually used in nuclear reactor’s calculations, have limited precision, due to the approximations in the methods used to solve the multi-group transport equation. Self- Shielding treatment, an algorithm that produces an average cross-section defined over the complete energy domain of the neutrons in a nuclear reactor, is responsible for the biggest error in any deterministic codes. There are mainly two resonance self-shielding models commonly applied: models based on equivalence and dilution and models based on subgroup approach. The fundamental problem with any self-shielding method is that it treats any isotope as there are no other isotopes with resonance present in the reactor. The most practical way to solve this problem is to use multi-energy groups (50-200) that are chosen in a way that allows us to use all major resonances without self-shielding. In this paper, we perform cell calculations, for a fresh seed fuel pin which is used in thorium/uranium reactors, by solving 172 energy group transport equation using the deterministic DRAGON code, for the two types of self-shielding models (equivalence and dilution models and subgroup models) Using WIMS-D5 and DRAGON data libraries. The results are then tested by comparing it with the stochastic MCNP5 code.  We also tested the sensitivity of the results to a specific change in self-shielding method implemented, for example the effect of applying Livolant-Jeanpierre Normalization scheme and Rimman Integration improvement on the equivalence and dilution method, and the effect of using Ribbon extended approach on sub-group method.  The results of K inf , in case of fresh seed fuel pin which is used in thorium/uranium PWR, show that a high accuracy is obtained by using some specific self-shielding modules.  It is also shown that for the implemented self-shielding models DRAGON library is more reliable than WIMS-D5 library, and that applying Livolant-Jeanpierre Normalization scheme is essential with the equivalence and dilution self-shielding method.","PeriodicalId":31382,"journal":{"name":"Renewable Energy and Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68575851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}