Power & Propulsion Alternatives for Ships 2019最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of Diesel-Electric with Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System Safety Using System-Theoretic Process Analysis","authors":"V. Bolbot, G. Theotokatos, E. Boulougouris, D. Vassalos","doi":"10.3940/rina.ppa.2019.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3940/rina.ppa.2019.08","url":null,"abstract":"Cruise ship industry is rapidly developing, with both the vessels size and number constantly growing up, which renders ensuring passengers, crew and ship safety a paramount necessity. Collision, grounding and fire are among the most frequent accidents on cruise ships with high consequences. In this study, a hazard analysis of diesel-electric and hybrid-electric propulsion system is undertaken using System-Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA). The results demonstrate significant increase in potential hazardous scenarios due to failures in automation and control systems, leading to fire and a higher number of scenarios leading to propulsion and power loss in hybrid-electric propulsion systems than on a conventional cruise-ship propulsion system. Results also demonstrate that STPA enhancement is required to compare the risk of two propulsion systems.","PeriodicalId":313785,"journal":{"name":"Power & Propulsion Alternatives for Ships 2019","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132891041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling Alternative Propulsion Technologies for Merchant Vessels","authors":"J. Buckingham, D. R. Pearson","doi":"10.3940/rina.ppa.2019.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3940/rina.ppa.2019.03","url":null,"abstract":"The planned IMO sulphur emissions limit will likely lead to price increases of low-sulphur distillate fuels from 2020 and beyond, and drive further pressure to improve fuel efficiency. The IMO measures planned for 2023 to meet the 2050 IMO CO2 reduction target will formalise the need for improved fuel efficiency through Energy Saving Technologies (EST).\u0000\u0000A wide variety of EST have been available for many years: the challenge lies in integrating and matching them to the ship’s operating profile to provide demonstrable benefit, and thereby improve adoption rates. With many ships operating in slow-steaming mode, there is opportunity for wind-based devices to contribute a larger proportion of the required thrust. This in turn provides scope to explore how reduced engine loads affect fuel efficiency, the use of air lubrication drag reduction and the use of wild heat from engine jacket water and exhaust gases to generate power.\u0000\u0000As part of a collaborative project with partners Black and Veatch, BMT has been developing the Vessel Technology Assessment System (VTAS) funded by the Energy Technologies Institute (ETI). This project has developed an approach that seeks to demonstrate the merit of ESTs fitted to specific ships on specific voyages.\u0000\u0000This paper presents the approach taken to use mathematical models of the ship’s power and propulsion system to identify the fuel saving benefits of a set of EST option designs. The performance before and after the installation of ESTs is modelled and the results compared to the baseline design.","PeriodicalId":313785,"journal":{"name":"Power & Propulsion Alternatives for Ships 2019","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121330114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to Reach Total Power Train Efficiency","authors":"M. Koli, J. Rekola","doi":"10.3940/rina.ppa.2019.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3940/rina.ppa.2019.07","url":null,"abstract":"When making a shift to new and greener technologies, the best approach should be one that examines the broad picture – the entire drive train.\u0000\u0000All too often, when designing a purely hybrid or hybrid-electric propulsion system, designers and suppliers spend most of their efforts focusing on the individual components of the system. They look for ways to make each of the multiple components as efficient as possible. The amount of power needed for a generator is calculated in excess.\u0000\u0000We have mastered exceptionally high hydrodynamic efficiency for any type of vessel, utilizing permanent magnet machines to add to overall efficiency, lower operational losses and optimize the entire system.\u0000\u0000To effectively move a vessel through the water, every component counts, but the best approach is to consider the entirety in order to achieve total power train efficiency.","PeriodicalId":313785,"journal":{"name":"Power & Propulsion Alternatives for Ships 2019","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125913580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Biofuels Help Provide Clean Propulsion for Shipping, Now and in the Future?","authors":"C. Lewis, A. Bauen","doi":"10.3940/rina.ppa.2019.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3940/rina.ppa.2019.04","url":null,"abstract":"E4tech conducted an important study (in 2018) for the Dutch Biofuels Platform and the Port of Rotterdam, as part of the development of a roadmap for decarbonising shipping in the Netherlands. In particular, biofuels can provide large reductions in GHG and non-GHG emissions, with a range of solutions for decarbonisation in the short and longer term. They offer greater decarbonisation potential compared to fossil alternatives aimed at tackling air quality emissions (e.g. LNG). The biofuels analysed were hydro-treated vegetable oil (HVO – including from waste oils and fats), Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), straight vegetable oil (SVO), ethanol (both conventional and advanced production processes), bio-methanol, bio-LNG, Fischer-Tropsch diesel (FT-diesel) and Upgraded Pyrolysis Oil (UPO).\u0000\u0000The study determined the most attractive biofuel options based on criteria such as GHG reduction potential, readiness of production, cost and compatibility with the current vessel fleet in each shipping sub-sector: deep-sea, short-sea and inland shipping. It also provided recommendation on coordinated interventions from the range of actors in shipping industry that can support the uptake of biofuels, overcoming a range of technical, economic and operational barriers to their use.","PeriodicalId":313785,"journal":{"name":"Power & Propulsion Alternatives for Ships 2019","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126296928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining Methanol as an Alternative Marine Fuel for Indonesian Domestic Ships","authors":"E. Priyanto, A. Òlçer, F. Ballini","doi":"10.3940/RINA.PPA.2019.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3940/RINA.PPA.2019.05","url":null,"abstract":"The analysis in hand aims to provide insight and to explore the future usage of methanol as an alternative marine fuel for domestic ships in Indonesia. An overview of potential application, analysis of resources availability, and stakeholder readiness/overall views on the topic are provided; related challenges are also identified and further examined.\u0000\u0000The potential performance of methanol as a fuel is discussed and evaluated via two different perspectives (the ship-owner perspective and the government one), through case studies of two passenger ships owned by the shipping company Pelayaran Indonesia (PELNI): MV. Labobar and MV. Gunung Dempo. As ship-owners tend to look very closely at the economic aspects, a feasibility study is performed by developing a combinatorial scenario approach based on the combination of economic measures of merit (NPV and payback period) along with a technical scenario (main-pilot fuel set up); a few of the variables included in the calculation are: ship age, ship productivity, and macro-economy conditions. Regarding the government perspective, the issues of environmental protection and policy compliance are evaluated by examining six emission types (NOx, SOx, CO2, CH4, N2O, and PM). Additionally, since there is a trade-off situation in government subsidies between the government and ship-owner interests, an optimization and sensitivity analysis is performed by utilizing a combinatorial scenario model to determine optimum methanol price and external variables influencing the decision to support further use of methanol in the Indonesian market.\u0000\u0000An important finding was that Indonesia has certain advantages/drivers to introduce methanol as marine fuel. However, methanol competitiveness is mainly dependent on ship productivity and the price differences between methanol and marine diesel oil (MDO). Additionally, policy analysis (through an optimization approach) could be one of the government options in order to determine the optimum condition in establishing methanol as marine fuel. Finally, short, medium, and long term recommendations are also provided as the basis for future consideration.","PeriodicalId":313785,"journal":{"name":"Power & Propulsion Alternatives for Ships 2019","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114799288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case Study: Wind-Assisted Ship Propulsion Performance Prediction, Routing, and Economic Modelling","authors":"N. J. V. D. Kolk, G. Bordogna, J. Mason, P. Desprairies, A. Vrijdag","doi":"10.3940/RINA.PPA.2019.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3940/RINA.PPA.2019.12","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a vessel model for the performance of wind-assisted ships is combined with a routing tool to assess the fuel savings available from the installation of both one and two Flettner rotors when travelling along a Great Circle Route path. This is combined with an economic analysis to assess commercial viability for these hybrid concepts. The case study is performed in collaboration with DAMEN shipyards, who have provided a design for a wind-assist concept to sail in the Baltic Sea, that, since January 2015, is an Emission Control Area where a sulphur limit content of 0.1 % is enforced on the ship fuels. Results for this case study are presented in terms of fuel savings and payback period analysis, where the reference case is an identical ship sailing without wind propulsors. For the 5,150 dwt general cargo vessel travelling at a speed of 10 knots, average fuel savings of 2.99% were obtained in the Baltic Sea for the single Flettner scenario, and 6.11% for the double Flettner scenario. A discussion of key engineering and design constraints for these ships is included.","PeriodicalId":313785,"journal":{"name":"Power & Propulsion Alternatives for Ships 2019","volume":"769 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122624260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of Auxiliary Power Potentials of Solar Photovoltaic Applications of Dry Bulk Carrier Ships","authors":"Wandifa Saidyleigh","doi":"10.3940/RINA.PPA.2019.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3940/RINA.PPA.2019.10","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in world seaborne trade over the past decade due to global economic and population expansion has resulted in a corresponding increase of world shipping fleet with even greater size and power requirements. The bulk of these ships use cheap and widely available fossil fuels, mainly oil for operation but which has deleterious effects on the environment. In order to address environmental concerns in the shipping sector, the International Maritime Organization (IMO), responding to the global call to reduce greenhouse gases emissions from international shipping adopted technical and operational measures. These are to ensure efficient energy management on ships and have led to the application of many innovative technologies including the use of renewable energies and alternative fuels on ships to minimize fossil fuel consumption and reduce emissions.\u0000However, in order to achieve a substantial emissions reduction in international shipping, the potential applicability of a technology which utilizes a universal renewable energy resource on the largest ship type in international shipping fleet should be investigated. This research focuses on investigating the potential of Solar Photovoltaic technology on dry bulk carriers using a developed methodology and Levelised cost of energy concept as the basis for comparison. The results of this research can be used to guide decision makers about the potentials of Solar Photovoltaic technology on dry bulk carriers in general whilst its developed methodology may be useful in the specific context for determining which ships and under what circumstances solar PV is an option.","PeriodicalId":313785,"journal":{"name":"Power & Propulsion Alternatives for Ships 2019","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129414522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alternatives Fuels: The Present and Future of Containment Systems and Their Impact on the Design and Construction of Ships","authors":"F. Cadenaro, E. Fort, L. Blackmore","doi":"10.3940/rina.ppa.2019.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3940/rina.ppa.2019.01","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, driven primarily by SOx emissions regulations, there has been a move towards the adoption of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) as a marine fuel. More recent decarbonisation targets, and the emissions regulations that are due to follow, will almost certainly trigger a further move towards other low carbon, carbon neutral and zero carbon fuels. Methanol, ammonia, and hydrogen offer a potential pathway for the decarbonisation of the shipping industry. However, the various physical and thermodynamic properties of such alternative fuels will require new containment systems onboard ships requiring the marine industry to embrace containment technologies used in other industries or, where necessary, develop industry-specific solutions. Shipboard containment systems for diesel fuels are currently physical, based on storage at near ambient temperatures and ambient pressures and for natural gas at high pressure (compressed) or low temperature (cryogenic), or a combination of such. Future containment technologies are likely to also include material and chemical based storage, exploiting chemical processes to hydrogenate or dehydrogenate carriers, in both liquid or solid matrices. This paper provides an overview of alternative fuels and their containment technologies and the implications on ship design and construction.","PeriodicalId":313785,"journal":{"name":"Power & Propulsion Alternatives for Ships 2019","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128360693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agile Power Management Systems - A Rule-Based Control Strategy Using Real-Time Simulation for Hybrid Marine Power Plants","authors":"C. Watts, T. Dinh, T. M. Bui, J. Marco","doi":"10.3940/rina.ppa.2019.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3940/rina.ppa.2019.09","url":null,"abstract":"With fuel consumption of marine vessels accounting for an increasing portion of global fuel usage, improving the energy efficiency of vessels is essential for saving fuel and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Hybrid-electric propulsion technologies offer a solution by interfacing multiple power sources, including batteries, with sophisticated energy management systems. An Agile Power Management System for marine vessels is presented by a Babcock led consortium with the University of Warwick (WMG) and Potenza Technology Ltd. The aim of this Innovate-UK funded project is to take advances in automotive energy management techniques and develop a modular marine power management system, addressing the latest guidance and legislation for marine applications. The system employs novel power management algorithms developed using Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) modelling techniques. Capable of interfacing energy storage with multiple power sources and loads, the algorithms seek to maximise overall efficiency by improving prime-mover operational envelopes, hence reducing emissions and fuel consumption.","PeriodicalId":313785,"journal":{"name":"Power & Propulsion Alternatives for Ships 2019","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116492201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Shuttle Tanker Concept","authors":"J. Nation, J. Keep, K. Storelid","doi":"10.3940/rina.ppa.2019.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3940/rina.ppa.2019.02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":313785,"journal":{"name":"Power & Propulsion Alternatives for Ships 2019","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115272880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}