EnergyRN eJournal最新文献_第2页

Hydrogen Fuel Cell Powertrain Levelized Cost of Electricity 氢燃料电池动力系统降低了电力成本

EnergyRN eJournal Pub Date : 2012-02-16 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2006758

M. Romeri

引用次数: 2

The Effect of Digestate Fertilization on Grass Biogas Yield and Soil Properties in Field-Biomass-Biogas-Field Renewable Energy Production Approach in Lithuania 立陶宛沼地施肥对田间-生物质-沼气-田间可再生能源生产方式牧草沼气产量和土壤性质的影响

EnergyRN eJournal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3778592

L. Jurgutis, A. Šlepetienė, Kristina Amaleviciute-Volunge, J. Volungevicius, J. Šlepetys

{"title":"The Effect of Digestate Fertilization on Grass Biogas Yield and Soil Properties in Field-Biomass-Biogas-Field Renewable Energy Production Approach in Lithuania","authors":"L. Jurgutis, A. Šlepetienė, Kristina Amaleviciute-Volunge, J. Volungevicius, J. Šlepetys","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3778592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3778592","url":null,"abstract":"The shift from fossil economy to bio-economy will stimulate the demand for bio-based energy generation. The promising strategy to meet the growing demand of biomass for energy production is to re-cultivate set-aside arable land. The digestate fertilization approach for the sake of increased biomass yields is the key strategy towards sustainable biogas generation in many regions. In order to minimise digestate utilization costs, biogas plant operators seek to spread the liquid digestate as close as possible to its storage location. The present work is focused on the evaluation of the digestate impact for the eroded agricultural soil, the improved biomass yield of semi-natural grassland biomass and its biogas potential. Three-year field experiments results indicate the positive effect of solid and liquid digestate on soil fertility and quality. The amount of dissolved organic carbon in eroded loamy Retisol increased 3.7% and 15% in soil 0–10 cm layer with fertilization rate of 170 kg ha -1 N of liquid and solid digestate, respectively. In terms of total nitrogen 11.6% and 20% increase was achieved using 170 kg ha -1 N of liquid and solid digestate compared to the untreated. Furthermore, the grass fresh biomass yield was up to 3 times higher compared to untreated. The biomethane yield of biomass from digestate fertilized fields was higher for every fertilization rate applied. The highest biomethane yield was for 170 kg N ha-1 liquid digestate applied yielding 19% more biogas compared to untreated field biomass both due to increased biogas yield and increased methane content.","PeriodicalId":313084,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN eJournal","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134646639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Macromolecules Evolution in Sequential Acid-Alkali Pretreatment of Corn Stalk 玉米秸秆酸碱顺序预处理过程中的大分子演化

EnergyRN eJournal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3919664

Yinghu Xia, Qiying Liu, Xiaohong Hu, Xu Li, Wenzhi Li, Longlong Ma

{"title":"Macromolecules Evolution in Sequential Acid-Alkali Pretreatment of Corn Stalk","authors":"Yinghu Xia, Qiying Liu, Xiaohong Hu, Xu Li, Wenzhi Li, Longlong Ma","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3919664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3919664","url":null,"abstract":"Two-step hydrothermal pretreatment, the combination of dilute acid pretreatment (DAP) and oxidated alkali pretreatment (AHP), is an efficient strategy to process lignocellulose for downstream production of biofuels and chemicals. It is necessary to undersand the ultrastructural and macromoleculars evolution, to improve the untilization of lignocellulose biomass.In this work, a multidimensional approach was integrated to visulalize and semi-quantify the macromolecules deconstruction of corn stalk in order to characterize the influence of sequential pretreatments on the suger recovery efficiency. Compared to AHP-DAP, DAP-AHP made much more accessiblity to enzymes than the reversed order, that the glucose yield reached 57.0% , at such mild pretreatment. DAP promoted lignin degradation in the followed AHP, so that efficiently break out the void architecture, and releasing more monosaccharide. Among two-step pretreatment, DAP showed benefit on cleaving lignin-carbohydrate ester linkages, partially solubilizing cell wall extracts from middle lamella and relocating lignin to outer surfaces at time and temporal aspects. The investigation could provide new insight into potential routes to further developing lignocellulose conversion.","PeriodicalId":313084,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN eJournal","volume":"463 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116508370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pyrolytic Transformation of Indigenous Biomass Wastes into Biochar: An Insight into Char Structure and Physicochemical Characteristics 原生生物质废弃物热解转化为生物炭:对炭结构和理化特性的认识

EnergyRN eJournal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3644992

Nivya Mariam Paul, V. S. Harikumar

{"title":"Pyrolytic Transformation of Indigenous Biomass Wastes into Biochar: An Insight into Char Structure and Physicochemical Characteristics","authors":"Nivya Mariam Paul, V. S. Harikumar","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3644992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3644992","url":null,"abstract":"Biochar, the product obtained by the pyrolysis of organic materials with little or no available air acts as a long-term recalcitrant source of organic carbon when applied to soil. In the present study an in-farm method has been standardized for the pyrolytic conversion of four indigenous biomass resources in to biochar which otherwise would have been a waste burden to the environment. The biomass feedstocks viz. bovine bone (BB), coconut shell (CS), rubber wood (RW) and water hyacinth (WH) showed an ash content ranging from 1.04-61.23%, moisture content 8.46-20.83%, volatile matter 27.92-74.92% and fixed carbon 1.17-18.75%. The ultimate analysis revealed C, H, N and O percentage ranging from 23.50-46.50, 0.31-3.43, 4.53-7.07 and 7.31-52.18% respectively. Their calorific value ranged from 7.89-23.69 MJ kg -1 . The cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin content ranged from 35.20-57.97, 25.47-26.00 and 2.07-39.97% respectively. The biochar yield was maximum in BB (56.65%) followed by WH (35.44%), CS (32.68%) and RW (26.54%). SEM analysis of the biochar samples showed aligned honeycomb like groups with the greatest porosity (3.90-8.43 µm) in WH biochar. EDX analysis detected 9 (BB), 11 (CS), 10 (RW) and 16 (WH) elements in biochar samples. The electrical conductivity, bulk density and water holding capacity of the biochars ranged from 16.76-7569.03 µs cm -1 , 6.83-72.58 g cm 3 and 57.89-431.17% respectively. The FTIR analysis of biochar samples showed several functional groups. Characteristics of the biochar produced from these biomass wastes revealed its potential as good soil conditioners in crop production systems.","PeriodicalId":313084,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN eJournal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129909563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Catalysing the Combustion of Rice Husk and Rice Straw Towards an Energy Optimized Synthesis of Metal Modified Biogenic Silica 稻壳秸秆燃烧催化合成金属改性生物源二氧化硅的能量优化研究

EnergyRN eJournal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3778590

Leonhard Y. Dorsch, G. Kloess, D. Enke, Andreas Roppertz

{"title":"Catalysing the Combustion of Rice Husk and Rice Straw Towards an Energy Optimized Synthesis of Metal Modified Biogenic Silica","authors":"Leonhard Y. Dorsch, G. Kloess, D. Enke, Andreas Roppertz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3778590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3778590","url":null,"abstract":"The classical approach for the synthesis of catalysts based on biogenic silica from rice husk or rice straw involves a high temperature (600 °C) calcination step to remove the organic matrix from the silica backbone. The remaining silica can then be impregnated with a variety of active components in the form of Mn-, Fe- and Ce-precursors, followed by subsequent thermal treatment to form the corresponding metal oxides. In this work, we introduce a novel energy optimized route for the preparation of biogenic silica supported metal oxides. The proposed synthesis procedure aims towards the reduction of pyrolysis steps by infiltrating metal salts into the biomass lignocellulosic matrix. The modified rice husk or rice straw can then be calcined to directly yield the desired metal oxide supported on biogenic silica. To evaluate the described method, as model system manganese oxide modified rice husk silica was compared to a set of materials synthesized via classical calcination-impregnation by means of textural (N2-Sorption, SEM/EDX), structural (XRD), thermal (TG/DTA) and elemental (ICP-OES; XRF) analysis. Results indicate that the introduction of transition metals into biomass powder promotes the combustion of the organic matrix in terms of temperature requirements for its complete removal. In addition, catalytic tests of the materials obtained by the novel synthesis route clearly show similar or even improved performance as compared to catalysts prepared via impregnation method.","PeriodicalId":313084,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN eJournal","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128467173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Valorization of Palm Biomass Waste for Sustainable Production of Lipase-Carbon Matrices And Biodiesel 棕榈生物质废弃物在持续生产脂肪酶-碳基质和生物柴油中的价值

EnergyRN eJournal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3598089

Emmanuel Quayson, Jerome Amoah, Nova Rachmadona, K. Morita, Lawrence Darkwah, S. Hama, A. Yoshida, A. Kondo, C. Ogino

{"title":"Valorization of Palm Biomass Waste for Sustainable Production of Lipase-Carbon Matrices And Biodiesel","authors":"Emmanuel Quayson, Jerome Amoah, Nova Rachmadona, K. Morita, Lawrence Darkwah, S. Hama, A. Yoshida, A. Kondo, C. Ogino","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3598089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3598089","url":null,"abstract":"The conversion of arable land to produce plant-based biofuels can produce more greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions than the displacing effect that is expected from the use of biofuels instead of fossil fuels. Utilizing agricultural waste offers an alternative pathway to reducing GHG emissions. Typical palm oil mills, for instance, produce palm kernel shells (PKS) and palm oil mill effluents (POME) as wastes in enormous amounts which accounts for > 60% of solid and liquid waste from the mill. Here, we explore the feasibility of a circular palm bioeconomy where waste PKS was directly converted to activated carbons (AC) in a technique (550 °C, under N 2 ) that departs from the conventional two-step (carbonization and activation) AC synthesis route. Using FT-IR, FE-SEM, and EDX as surface analysis tools, the synthesized carbons, PKAC, showed excellent morphological and surface functionalities similar to bituminous coal-derived activated carbons. The 1 – 10 μm pore diameters of PKAC were relevant in the immobilization of Aspergillus oryzae whole-cells expressing recombinant Fusarium heterosporum lipase. For biodiesel synthesis, the higher specific activity of the PKAC-immobilized whole-cell lipase (81.6 IU/mg BSP) ensured the conversion of POME to ≥97.5 wt. % fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Whilst offering the benefits of cheap immobilization carriers and greener synthesis routes, the produced FAME showed properties (48.8 cetane number) that conform to ASTM and EN specifications. This study thus serves as a framework for the design of hydrocarbon synthesis platforms for a future palm bioeconomy.","PeriodicalId":313084,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN eJournal","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125631610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Process Improvement of a Two-Stage Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket System by Micronutrient Supplement in Relation to Sulfur Transport 微量营养元素对两级上流式厌氧污泥包层系统工艺改进与硫转运的关系

EnergyRN eJournal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3874730

Krittiya Pornmai, Sawwalak Itsadanont, Monchupa Lertpattanapong, Kessara Senneesrisaku, Achiraya Jiraprasertwong, H. Sekiguchi, S. Chavadej

{"title":"Process Improvement of a Two-Stage Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket System by Micronutrient Supplement in Relation to Sulfur Transport","authors":"Krittiya Pornmai, Sawwalak Itsadanont, Monchupa Lertpattanapong, Kessara Senneesrisaku, Achiraya Jiraprasertwong, H. Sekiguchi, S. Chavadej","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3874730","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3874730","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this research was to elucidate the influence of the addition of iron alone (0–100 ppm) or with 2 ppm each of cobalt, copper, and nickel on the performance of a two-stage UASB system treating ethanol wastewater. The system consisted of two reactors connected in series. The system was maintained at a fixed chemical oxygen demand loading rate (16 kg/m3d) and 37 °C with a recycle ratio of 1:1. Both Co and Ni were found to be deficient in the ethanol wastewater, while Fe and Cu became inadequate in two-stage UASB. The addition of Fe provided dual benefits of a reduction in both sulfide toxicity and hydrogen sulfide content in produced gas, resulting in marginally improved hydrogen and methane productivities. When the Fe dosage was increased beyond the optimum value of 50 ppm, the process performance drastically declined, as a result of high total volatile fatty acid concentrations that inhibited acidogens and methanogens predominantly present in the 1st and 2nd reactors, respectively. The chemical precipitation of iron sulfide was responsible for the reduction of produced H2S in both aqueous and gaseous phases. The addition of 2 ppm each of Co, Cu, and Ni together with 50 ppm Fe resulted in an enhanced process performance, as indicated by the improved CH4 yield (mL/g COD applied) to about 42.3% compared to that without micronutrient supplement. Supplementation to fulfill the sufficiency of all micronutrients was vital for the maximization of anaerobic digestion (AD) performance, as generally indicated in methanogenic activity.","PeriodicalId":313084,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN eJournal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132741616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A New Route to Increasing Economic Growth: Reducing Highway Congestion with Autonomous Vehicles 促进经济增长的新途径:用自动驾驶汽车减少公路拥堵

EnergyRN eJournal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3191354

C. Winston

引用次数: 7

We Should Use Jatropha as the Feedstock for Producer Gas Production Rather than Biodiesel Production 麻疯树应作为产气原料而非生物柴油原料

EnergyRN eJournal Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3595128

M. Rith, J. B. Biona

{"title":"We Should Use Jatropha as the Feedstock for Producer Gas Production Rather than Biodiesel Production","authors":"M. Rith, J. B. Biona","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3595128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3595128","url":null,"abstract":"Net energy analysis (NEA) of Jatropha biodiesel production has been extensively carried out, but the net energy ratio (NER) is very low due to the high energy input consumption for seed pressing and oil processing. Gasification technology is an alternative that can avoid seed pressing and oil processing. This study intends to compare two system boundaries of Jatropha bioenergy production per hectare plantation for a 20-year life cycle. System boundary 1 includes shell producer gas, biodiesel, and seedcake producer gas; while system boundary 2 integrates shell producer gas and seed producer gas. The results highlight that the net energy balances (NEBs) of system boundaries 1 and 2 are 2,449 GJ and 3,552 GJ, respectively. Surprisingly, the NER of system boundary 2 is 49.5, while the NER of system boundary 1 is 3.5. The CO 2 emissions of system boundaries 1 and 2 are 574 tonnes and 636 tonnes, respectively, which implies that the CO 2 emission of system boundary 2 is 10.8% higher than that of system boundary 1. The NEB of system boundary 2 is 41% higher than that of system boundary 1. Correspondingly, system boundary 2 is more efficient than system boundary 1 for energy conversion and utilization.","PeriodicalId":313084,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN eJournal","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132595480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0