EnergyRN eJournal最新文献

Two-Stage Acid-Alkali Pretreatment of Vetiver Grass to Enhance the Subsequent Sugar Release by Cellulase Digestion 香根草两段酸碱预处理促进纤维素酶酶解后糖的释放

EnergyRN eJournal Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3919669

V. T. Hương, Thanaphat Atjayutpokin, P. Chinwatpaiboon, S. M. Smith, S. Boonyuen, A. Luengnaruemitchai

{"title":"Two-Stage Acid-Alkali Pretreatment of Vetiver Grass to Enhance the Subsequent Sugar Release by Cellulase Digestion","authors":"V. T. Hương, Thanaphat Atjayutpokin, P. Chinwatpaiboon, S. M. Smith, S. Boonyuen, A. Luengnaruemitchai","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3919669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3919669","url":null,"abstract":"Vetiver grass (VG; Chrysopogon zizanioides ) can be used as a potential feedstock for biofuels and biochemical production due to its chemical composition, which is rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. However, the complex and recalcitrant nature of lignocellulosic biomass requires a pretreatment process to disrupt the lignin seal in the cell wall in order to increase the accessibility for enzymatic hydrolysis and to liberate the sugars contained within the cellulose. The sequential acid-base pretreatment of VG using dilute sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) followed by sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was found to be optimal when using a 5% (w/v) VG loading in 0.5 % (v/v) H 2 SO 4 at 120 °C, 60 min in the first stage followed by 4% (w/v) NaOH at 120 °C, 60 min in the second stage. This gave the highest yield of total reducing sugars (32.6 g/L as 22.0 and 10.6 g/L of hexose and pentose, respectively) in the subsequent cellulase digestion, which was 10.3% and 46.1% higher than that obtained with the single-stage alkali (24.1 g/L) or acid (13.5 g/L) pretreatment, respectively.","PeriodicalId":313084,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN eJournal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127389475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Influence of Sampling Methods and Storage Condition on Volatile Methyl Siloxanes Quantification in Biogas 取样方法和贮存条件对沼气中挥发性甲基硅氧烷定量的影响

EnergyRN eJournal Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3919661

Jia Wang, Liwei Liao, Li’ao Wang, Lei Wang

{"title":"Influence of Sampling Methods and Storage Condition on Volatile Methyl Siloxanes Quantification in Biogas","authors":"Jia Wang, Liwei Liao, Li’ao Wang, Lei Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3919661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3919661","url":null,"abstract":"Siloxanes are widely distributed in biogas and have a negative impact on energy applications of biogas. So far, there is no standard method for the sampling and analysis of siloxanes in biogas. The appropriate sampling method must ensure that the composition of samples collected in siloxanes does not change during sampling and analysis. To this end, three sampling methods (two-tandem (section A and B) impingers with acetone as adsorbent (TTIA), coconut activated carbon adsorbent tubes (CACT), and silica gel adsorbent tubes (SGT)) were evaluated in this paper. Hexamethyldisiloxane (L2), hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4), and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) detected in section B were less than 7% of those in section A of three methods. The gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for quantitative analysis of the siloxane in samples. The results demonstrated that target compounds were completely adsorbed by three methods. For D3, D4, and D5, there was no significant difference between recovery rates of CACT and SGT, whereas they were higher than those of TTIA. The siloxane contents in dry synthesis gas collected by three methods were generally higher than those in wet synthesis gas. The effect of storage time and temperature on the short-term stability of siloxanes in SGT was further investigated. The contents of D3, D4, and D5 did not change significantly with storage temperatures except L2. However, the content of D3 stored at 25 ℃ was not stable over time, which reduced by 16.2% on average at 12 h.","PeriodicalId":313084,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129430150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Towards Sustainable Biomass Gasification: Evolution of Bagasse Char Characteristics Throughout Gasification 迈向可持续生物质气化:蔗渣在整个气化过程中炭特性的演变

EnergyRN eJournal Pub Date : 2022-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3919665

H. Nguyen, D. Khuong, P. Tran-Nguyen, Toshiki Tsubota

{"title":"Towards Sustainable Biomass Gasification: Evolution of Bagasse Char Characteristics Throughout Gasification","authors":"H. Nguyen, D. Khuong, P. Tran-Nguyen, Toshiki Tsubota","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3919665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3919665","url":null,"abstract":"Sugarcane bagasse - an abundant residue from sugar production - could become a prominent feedstock for gasification if a complete understanding of bagasse gasification was established. In this study, the evolution of the char characteristics throughout the gasification process was deeply investigated. The low ash content, high heating value, and fast kinetics highlighted the suitability of bagasse for gasification. The char morphology underwent significant changes with rupture of fine layers that make up the char when conversion X [0, 1] is higher than 0.5. On the contrary, changes in carbon structures were more accentuated at the beginning of char conversion (X < 0.5). The gasified chars had high porosity made of micro-mesoporous structures, and the maximum value of total specific surface area (SBET = 877 m2 g -1) and total pore volume (VBET = 0.49 cm3 g -1) were observed at X = 0.75. The high values of SBET and VBET - even when gasification is nearing its end - highlighted the potential of using residues after gasification as an alternative to expensive commercial activated carbons. The results of this study would contribute to the development of sustainable gasification systems.","PeriodicalId":313084,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN eJournal","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124598470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Cost-Benefit Analysis and Financial Viability of Household Biogas Plant Installation in Aleta Wondo District, Southern Ethiopia 埃塞俄比亚南部Aleta Wondo地区家庭沼气厂安装的成本效益分析和财务可行性

EnergyRN eJournal Pub Date : 2021-09-27 DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-910501/V1

Tale Gedefa, Yoseph Melka, G. Sime

{"title":"Cost-Benefit Analysis and Financial Viability of Household Biogas Plant Installation in Aleta Wondo District, Southern Ethiopia","authors":"Tale Gedefa, Yoseph Melka, G. Sime","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-910501/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-910501/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Installation of biogas plants has both costs and incomes; installation and maintenance service demand financial costs and reduction of costs for purchasing firewood, kerosene and chemical fertilizers are benefits or incomes. This study investigates the cost-benefit analysis and financial viability related to biogas plant installation in Southern Ethiopia. Method: A multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select sample households. A total of 105 adopter households were selected for household survey.Results and conclusion: The installation cost took the largest share of the total cost of installation and was one of the main constraints that hindered installation. Installation increased household income by reducing the costs incurred for buying firewood, kerosene and chemical fertilizers. Relatively, lower plant size was more profitable than larger plant size. Installation under the subsidy scheme was more financially viable at 10 % discount rate than its counterparts. The profitability of lower plant size was more sensitive to changes in the discount rate, the level of expenditure saving and input price than larger plant size, under an assumption and without subsidy. Installation of low cost plants could more attract the engagement of a large number of rural households with low economic capacity. Besides, installation of lower plant sizes could more substantially enhance household income by saving costs incurred for buying firewood, kerosene and chemical fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":313084,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN eJournal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128325688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Using Ferric Sulfate, Sodium Hydroxide, and Chitosan to Harvest Marine Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris and Recycling the Culture Medium 硫酸铁、氢氧化钠和壳聚糖对海洋小球藻的回收及培养基的循环利用

EnergyRN eJournal Pub Date : 2021-02-19 DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-164732/V1

Jinling Cai, Fachun Guan, Ligang Hou, Chenchen Feng, Xinzhi Zhang, Yu Wang

{"title":"Using Ferric Sulfate, Sodium Hydroxide, and Chitosan to Harvest Marine Microalgae Chlorella Vulgaris and Recycling the Culture Medium","authors":"Jinling Cai, Fachun Guan, Ligang Hou, Chenchen Feng, Xinzhi Zhang, Yu Wang","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-164732/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-164732/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Microalgae are widely used in biofuels, medicine, food, and feed industries. However, harvesting microalgal biomass is a major difficulty that hinders their industrial application. In this study, three flocculants (ferric sulfate, sodium hydroxide, and chitosan) were used to harvest the marine microalga Chlorella vulgaris, and floc characteristics including flocculation efficiency, concentration factor, and flocs morphology were studied. The results showed that the tested flocculants can efficiently harvest C. vulgaris. The flocculation efficiencies of ferric sulfate (0.9 g/L), sodium hydroxide (0.6 g/L), and chitosan (30 mg/L) were 93.4% ± 0.8%, 96.5% ± 0.6%, and 98.8% ± 1.3% within 70, 100, and 12 min, respectively. The total carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids contents in C. vulgaris were not influenced by the test flocculants after harvesting. When compared with fresh f/2 medium, the recycled medium could also efficiently support C. vulgaris growth. Among the three flocculants tested, chitosan was ideal owing to its high efficiency, low dosage requirement, short harvesting time, and reutilization of culture medium.","PeriodicalId":313084,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN eJournal","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127326080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of Genetic Relationships within Miscanthus Using Snp Markers Identified Using Slaf-Seq 利用Slaf-Seq鉴定的Snp标记研究芒草的遗传关系

EnergyRN eJournal Pub Date : 2021-01-26 DOI: 10.21203/RS.3.RS-152687/V1

Zhiyong Chen, Yancen He, Y. Iqbal, Yan-Ding Shi, Hongmei Huang, Zili Yi

{"title":"Investigation of Genetic Relationships within Miscanthus Using Snp Markers Identified Using Slaf-Seq","authors":"Zhiyong Chen, Yancen He, Y. Iqbal, Yan-Ding Shi, Hongmei Huang, Zili Yi","doi":"10.21203/RS.3.RS-152687/V1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/RS.3.RS-152687/V1","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Background: Miscanthus, which is a leading dedicated-energy grass in Europe and in parts of Asia, is expected to play a key role in the development of the future bioeconomy. However, due to its complex genetic background, it is difficult to investigate phylogenetic relationships and the evolution of gene function in this genus. Here, we investigated 50 Miscanthus germplasms: 1 female parent (M. lutarioriparius), 30 candidate male parents (M. lutarioriparius, M. sinensis, and M. sacchariflorus), and 19 offspring. We used high-throughput Specific-Locus Amplified Fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) to identify informative single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in all germplasms.Results: We identified 800,081 SLAF tags, of which 160,368 were polymorphic. Each tag was 264–364 bp long. The obtained SNPs were used to investigate genetic relationships within Miscanthus. We constructed a phylogenetic tree of the 50 germplasms using the obtained SNPs, and found that the germplasms fell into two clades: one clade of M. sinensis only and one clade that included the offspring, M. lutarioriparius, and M. sacchariflorus. Genetic cluster analysis indicated that M. lutarioriparius germplasm C3 was the most likely male parent of the offspring.Conclusions: As a high-throughput sequencing method, SLAF-seq can be used to identify informative SNPs in Miscanthus germplasms and to rapidly characterize genetic relationships within this genus. Our results will support the development of breeding programs utilizing Miscanthus cultivars with elite biomass- or fiber-production potential.","PeriodicalId":313084,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN eJournal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123590336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Ultrasonic-Assisted Acid Pretreatment on Production of Levulinic Acid Through Acid Hydrolysis 超声辅助酸预处理对酸水解生产乙酰丙酸的影响

EnergyRN eJournal Pub Date : 2020-04-22 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3577788

N. Zulkipli, R. Yunus, Z. Zainal Abidin, B. Y. Lim

{"title":"Effect of Ultrasonic-Assisted Acid Pretreatment on Production of Levulinic Acid Through Acid Hydrolysis","authors":"N. Zulkipli, R. Yunus, Z. Zainal Abidin, B. Y. Lim","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3577788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3577788","url":null,"abstract":"Acid hydrolysis is one of the most important processes for biomass conversion into value-added chemicals. However, hydrolysis of biomass requires an effective pretreatment to make this reaction more efficient. Ultrasonic technology, is one of the pretreatment used in biomass conversion before being subjected to hydrolysis reaction. In this study, the effect of ultrasonic on the conversion of oil palm mesocarp fibre into levulinic acid (LA) was investigated. Levulinic acid, can be used as a chemical intermediate for many applications. Two different pretreatments were explored. For acid pretreatment, samples were pretreated at different sulfuric acid concentration and temperatures (60 °C, 80 °C and 100 °C). For ultrasonic-assisted acid pretreatment, the samples were pretreated at different sonication power (40%, 60% and 80%). The highest yield of LA was obtained during hydrolysis from the sample acid pretreated at temperature at 100 ⁰C using 6 % acid solution (3.93%). While using ultrasonication, the highest yield of LA was around (3.11%) obtained at 80% power and 6% acid solution. Hydrolysis was also conducted without removing liquor (liquid solution) from the biomass after each pretreatment. The results after hydrolysis showed a remarkable improvement of LA yield at 20.54% obtained from sample pretreated with H2SO4 acid at 100 ⁰C and 6% (v/v). These results suggest that acid pretreatment at high temperature is effective in improving the yield of LA from the biomass. The use of ultrasonication did not improve the hydrolysis as expected.","PeriodicalId":313084,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131100639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Raw Red Macroalgae and Bio Char from Macroalgae 红藻原料活性炭及生物炭的制备与表征

EnergyRN eJournal Pub Date : 2020-04-22 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3577790

Bouaik Hassan, A. Tabal, A. Aboulkas, K. Elharfi

引用次数: 0

Capacity Expansion Games with Application to Competition in Power Generation Investments 发电投资竞争中的产能扩张博弈应用

EnergyRN eJournal Pub Date : 2016-12-13 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2904911

R. Aïd, Liangchen Li, M. Ludkovski

引用次数: 8

Optimal Expansion of a Hydrogen Storage System for Wind Power: A Real Options Analysis 风电储氢系统的优化扩展:实物期权分析

EnergyRN eJournal Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2997903

S. Franzen, R. Madlener

{"title":"Optimal Expansion of a Hydrogen Storage System for Wind Power: A Real Options Analysis","authors":"S. Franzen, R. Madlener","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2997903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2997903","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a real options-based techno-economic analysis of a hydrogen-based wind energy storage system (H2-WESS) deployed adjacent to a nearshore wind farm in northern Germany. The H2-WESS can be used to produce and store hydrogen when feed-in management takes place, in order to avoid the shutdown of wind turbines during times of excess electricity supply, or when the spot market electricity price falls below the estimated (efficiency-adjusted) market price of hydrogen. Moreover, an H2-WESS can provide negative minute reserve capacity. The modular design of the H2-WESS gives an investor the option to expand the capacity and gradually adapt to changing market conditions. The comprehensive and novel simulation model considers all relevant volatile inputs, such as stochastic wind conditions, feed-in management events, prices, and minute reserve calls. By means of a Monte Carlo simulation, annual revenues and their volatility are computed with a view on projected technology improvements until 2030. Based on the simulation results, a binomial real options pricing model is used to design four interdependent binominal trees and to evaluate a Bermuda-type compound expansion option. The decision trees, in which the investor can choose the maximum of the option to either upgrade the H2-WESS to the next expansion stage or to keep the real option alive, feature 390 time steps and 76,050 decision nodes each. Each compound decision takes the option of a smaller expansion stage explicitly into account. The compound expansion option to invest in a 5, 10, 15, or 20 MW H2-WESS has a 15-year expiration time and is found to have a value of about €2 million, compared to the net present value of a 5 MW H-WESS of about €-2.45 million. We conclude from the real options analysis that for a realistic valuation of modular energy projects subject to various uncertainties it is crucial to incorporate the value of managerial flexibility that is influenced. Due to the modular design, and in contrast to conventional power plants, the flexibility of the H2-WESS comprises many specific options.","PeriodicalId":313084,"journal":{"name":"EnergyRN eJournal","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115235065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22