{"title":"Multifunctional Pharmaceutical Nanocarriers: Promises and Problems","authors":"V. Torchilin","doi":"10.1002/9783527610419.NTLS0249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527610419.NTLS0249","url":null,"abstract":"The sections in this article are \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Introduction \u0000Established Paradigms: Longevity and Targetability \u0000Polymers for Longevity \u0000Long-Circulating Liposomes \u0000Nonliposomal Long-Circulating DDSs \u0000Combination of Longevity and Targeting \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Stimuli-Sensitivity and Intracellular Targeting \u0000pH-Sensitive Systems \u0000Temperature-Sensitive Systems \u0000Magnetically Sensitive Systems \u0000Ultrasound-Sensitive Systems \u0000Redox-Sensitive Systems \u0000Intracellular Delivery of Pharmaceutical Nanocarriers \u0000 \u0000 \u0000A New Challenge: Theranostics \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000nanomedicine; \u0000pharmaceutical carriers; \u0000liposomes; \u0000micelles; \u0000imaging; \u0000cancer; \u0000drug delivery","PeriodicalId":312946,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132885695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Organic Nanowires and Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications","authors":"Keunsoo Jeong, C. Park","doi":"10.1002/9783527610419.NTLS0261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527610419.NTLS0261","url":null,"abstract":"Organic one dimensional (1-D) structures such as nanowires (NWs) and nanotubes (NTs), including carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have recently undergone extensive investigation for possible applications in biosensing, photothermal and/or radiofrequency ablation therapy of cancer, and bioimaging. As few data exist on this particular topic, the aim of this chapter is to encompass the state of the art of these peculiar materials, by describing the various fabrication technologies for NWs and NTs, which include self-assembly, template synthesis, and modification of CNTs. Also described are some representative recent applications of NWs and NTs in biomedical areas, including biosensors, cancer therapy via photothermal and/or radiofrequency ablation, and optical bioimaging. Future research to solve the currently pending problems, and to broaden the application areas of NWs and NTs, are also discussed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000organic nanowires; \u0000organic nanotubes; \u0000carbon nanotubes; \u0000biosensing; \u0000cancer therapy; \u0000bioimaging","PeriodicalId":312946,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123516698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantum Dot Nanocomposites","authors":"Jianxiu Wang, Yunfei Long, F. Zhou","doi":"10.1002/9783527610419.NTLS0221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527610419.NTLS0221","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum dots (QDs), with dimensions ranging from 0.2 to 100 nm, exhibit unique electronic, optical, magnetic, and mechanical properties. Due to the broad excitation spectra, narrow size-tunable emission spectra, high quantum yield, excellent photostability, and chemical stability, QDs have proven to be the ideal candidate for fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors. In this chapter, attention is focused on recent developments in the construction, characterization, and representative applications of QD nanocomposites, with emphasis placed on the use of these nanocomposites as FRET-based biosensors for investigations of donor–acceptor distance distribution, macromolecule conformation, receptor–ligand binding, DNA hybridization, antigen–antibody recognition, and DNA–protein interaction.Keywords:quantum dots;nanocomposites;synthesis;characterization;core–shell QDs;fluorescence sensors;FRET;nanohybrids","PeriodicalId":312946,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124672781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Silver Nanocomposites and Their Biomedical Applications","authors":"A. Travan, E. Marsich, I. Donati, S. Paoletti","doi":"10.1002/9783527610419.NTLS0219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527610419.NTLS0219","url":null,"abstract":"The sections in this article are \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Introduction to Silver Nanocomposites \u0000Preparation and Characterization of Silver Nanocomposites \u0000Preparation Techniques \u0000Characterization Techniques \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Biomedical Applications \u0000Silver Nanocomposites for Biocidal Applications (Antimicrobial, Antiviral, Antifungal) \u0000General Considerations \u0000Overview of in vitro Results \u0000Effects of Nanoparticles Properties and Role of the Matrix \u0000Antimicrobial Mechanism \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Silver Nanocomposites in Wound Healing \u0000Silver Nanocomposites and Inflammation \u0000Silver Nanocomposites for Applications in Biological Sensing and Nanoscale Photonics \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Biological Hazards of Silver Nanocomposites \u0000Perspectives \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000silver nanoparticles; \u0000nanocomposites; \u0000plasmonics; \u0000antibacterial activity; \u0000cytotoxicity; \u0000polysaccharides; \u0000biomaterials","PeriodicalId":312946,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114449209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Drug Delivery","authors":"N. Levi-Polyachenko","doi":"10.1002/9783527610419.NTLS0233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527610419.NTLS0233","url":null,"abstract":"The sections in this article are \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Introduction \u0000Gene Therapy \u0000Antibacterial Therapy \u0000Wound Healing \u0000Chemotherapy \u0000Hyperthermic Drug Delivery Using CNTs \u0000Drug Transport Using CNTs \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Summary and Future Perspectives \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000Drug delivery; \u0000gene therapy; \u0000wound healing; \u0000antibacterial; \u0000chemotherapy; \u0000hyperthermia; \u0000multi-walled carbon nanotube","PeriodicalId":312946,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114988644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biomimetic Nanosensors and Nanoactuators","authors":"M. Shahinpoor","doi":"10.1002/9783527610419.NTLS0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527610419.NTLS0210","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the recent advances made in connection with biomimetic distributed nanosensors and nanoactuators (BNNs) made from nanocomposites of ion-containing polymers, polyelectrolytes and conductive materials and networks. Details of the fundamental properties and characteristics of BNNs are provided, together with descriptions of the basic molecular structures of the materials and subsequent procedures to manufacture materials for electroless molecular plating. A phenomenological model of the underlying sensing and actuation mechanisms is also presented, based on linear irreversible thermodynamics with two driving forces, an electric field and a solvent pressure gradient and two fluxes, electric current density and the ionic + solvent flux. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000ion-containing polymers; \u0000nanocomposites; \u0000nanosensors; \u0000nanoactuators","PeriodicalId":312946,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128769767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bioinspired Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering","authors":"Andrew P. Loeffler, P. Ma","doi":"10.1002/9783527610419.NTLS0205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527610419.NTLS0205","url":null,"abstract":"Bioinspired nanomaterials play a crucial role in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. For example, nanofibrous scaffolds provide a three-dimensional (3-D) template to guide new tissue formation and organization. The scaffold materials are intended to provide the characteristics of the extracellular matrix (ECM), both structurally and functionally, for tissue regeneration. It is beneficial for the scaffolds to mimic certain material characteristics of the natural ECM that cause cells to accelerate natural developmental and wound-healing processes. In this chapter, the three fabrication techniques for nanofibrous scaffolds (electrospinning, self-assembly, and phase separation), and their applications to tissue engineering, are briefly reviewed. Details are also included of many modification technologies for nanofibrous, nanocomposite, and nanostructured scaffolds. The characteristics of ECM-mimicking nanostructured biomaterials, which actively regulate many biological effects and cellular responses such as adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which also be discussed. Examples of enhanced cellular functions, tissue functions, and regenerative outcomes are provided throughout the chapter, demonstrating the significance of biomimetic nanomaterials for tissue engineering and regeneration. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Keywords: \u0000 \u0000biomaterial; \u0000tissue engineering; \u0000biomimetic; \u0000drug release; \u0000nanofiber; \u0000nanoparticle","PeriodicalId":312946,"journal":{"name":"Nanotechnologies for the Life Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129584149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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