Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B最新文献

{"title":"Characteristic of Chocolate Candy Produced from Fermented Cocoa Bean with Lactobacillus plantarum HL-15 Starter Culture for Inhibition Growth of Mycotoxin -Producing Fungi","authors":"T. F. Djaafar, Laurentia Oktaviani Palupi, T. Marwati, Tyas Utami, E. S. Rahayu","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2019.02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2019.02.006","url":null,"abstract":"Chocolate candy is a snack product that is liked by many people. The presence of mycotoxin producing fungi is a problem in chocolate product. The objective of this research was to observe the characteristic of chocolate candy which is produced from fermented cocoa bean with Lactobacillus plantarum HL-15 starter culture. The cocoa bean (47.5 kg) is fermented by adding L. plantarum HL-15 culture about 500 mL (10 CFU/mL) in the new and old fermentation box and in another new and old fermentation box without adding culture. Chocolate candy processing is done based on standard processing of chocolate candy. The results showed that the addition of L. plantarum HL-15 culture in cocoa bean fermentation and use of the new fermentation box give lower fungi concentration on chocolate candy, reducing 1 log cycle from 1.7 × 10 to < 10 colony/g, while the addition of L. plantarum HL-15 culture in the old fermentation box is not effect. The average aw value of chocolate candy is 0.64 and pH value is 6.7. Fat content of chocolate candy is about 44.9%-46.2%.","PeriodicalId":312861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134319570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Productive Response of Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis to Application of VIUSID Agro","authors":"K. Calzada, Dilier Olivera Viciedo, Alexander Calero, J. C. Rodríguez, Bulent Kukurtcu, Y. Álvarez, Alexei Castro Salas","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2019.02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2019.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"In order to evaluate the effect of VIUSID agro on the yield response of a pak choi harvest, a randomised block experiment was designed with four treatments and three replications. The treatments were dosages of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 L/ha and one control. The number of leaves per plant and the fresh and dry mass of the plant were measured. In addition, growth indexes were evaluated, such as relative growth rate, active growth rate, harvest index and agricultural yield. The number of leaves per plant was significantly greater at 35 days after sowing (das) for 0.2 L/ha and 0.3 L/ha treatments, with increases of 15.0% and 14.17% relative to the control. Regarding plant length and fresh mass at the final evaluation, the treatments using higher dosages produced the best results. Regarding the active growth rate, the 0.2 L/ha dosage produced the best effects, and regarding relative growth rate, the 0.2 L/ha and 0.3 L/ha dosages produced the best results relative to the control. The harvest index did not benefit from the used dosages, while a higher agricultural yield was achieved using the 0.2 L/ha and 0.3 L/ha dosages at 18.03% and 12.88% compared to the control. Therefore, VIUSID agro positively influenced the yield behaviour of pak choi.","PeriodicalId":312861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120872865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of Water Resources Vulnerability Assessment Tools","authors":"Kanga Idé Soumaila, Albachir Seydou Niandou, M. Naimi, Chikhaoui Mohamed, K. Schimmel","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2019.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2019.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Water resources face many pressures and stresses around the world. Assessing the vulnerability of water resources is, therefore, increasingly an essential practice in water resources management. Several studies of water resources vulnerability have been carried out around the world during the last three decades. Thus, the main objective of this study was to analyze water resources vulnerability assessment tools and identify the methodological trend of water resources vulnerability assessment at the local level in existing literature. To achieve this objective, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method has been applied to include or exclude articles. Articles on water vulnerability numbering 374 were preselected in the ScienceDirect and the Google Scholar databases. Only 32 out of the 374 articles met the inclusion criteria defined for the analysis. The results show that China (21.9%), U.S.A. (9.4%) and Canada (6.3%) are the most active countries publishing water resources vulnerability assessments. Some 191 vulnerability indicators from the 32 articles were classified into five categories of factors: physical factors (33.5%), socio-economic factors (28.3%), environmental or eco-environmental factors (25.1%), institutions and governance factors (7.3%) and infrastructure factors (5.8%). This study shows that almost half of the studies (47%) considered all five categories of factors, 9.4% considered four categories of factors, 6.3% considered three categories of factors, 28% used two types of factors and 9.4% considered only one category. Researchers have used several methods to assess water resources vulnerability: overlay and index methods (59.4%), process-based models (12.5%), statistical methods (9.4%), overlay and index methods plus process-based model (9.4%), overlay and index methods plus statistical methods (6.3%) and statistical methods plus process-based models (3.1%). Geographic information system (GIS) is an important tool in assessing the vulnerability of water resources with almost 60% of the studies using it at some stage of the assessment. In recent years, there is an increasing trend toward conceptualizing the vulnerability of water resources in a holistic way.","PeriodicalId":312861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132155062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Financial Analysis of Crop-Livestock-Forestry Systems in Goias, Brazil","authors":"J. B. C. N. Araújo, Á. N. Souza, M. S. Joaquim, I. M. L. Junior, M. I. Rodrigues, Lucas Francisco de Dominicis","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2019.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2019.02.002","url":null,"abstract":": Integration system is used to denote practices that combine systematic use of the land and technologies, in which forest species are used in conjunction with herbaceous plants and/or animals respecting a spatial or temporal arrangement. Knowing that this type of production seeks to balance ecological and economic factors, it is important to understand the financial benefits and risks involved in this production. Financial analysis, therefore, acts as an important analysis tool to foster this type of activity. The paper aimed to conduct analysis of investment risk of a crop-livestock-forestry system deployed in Brazil, comparing two different production scenarios, scenario I with 17 ha and scenario II with 25 ha. The risk analysis was performed using the Monte Carlo method and sensitivity analysis (by varying the factors: the discount rate, productivity and price). A cash flow was elaborated based on annual cost and revenues data of the agricultural crops (corn and soybeans), livestock and eucalyptus, using an interest rate of 6% per year. The results indicated that the optimal age for cutting the eucalyptus was at seven years on both scenarios; scenario I had better return on investment using deterministic and probabilistic methods; scenario I presents higher investments risks; there is a negative relation between discount rate and annualized net present value (ANPV); increased productivity of crops provides greater profitability to the system; there has been an increase in the economic viability of the system, as value has been added to the products. Monte Carlo method and the sensitivity analysis showed to be an appropriate tool to analyze the risk of crop-livestock-forestry systems, making it possible to foresee how the project will respond to possible scenarios.","PeriodicalId":312861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B","volume":"18 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131452105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chromosome Structural Rearrangements in Onion (Allium cepa L.) through Induced Mutation","authors":"M. Chakraborty, Mohammad Abul Kalam Azad, A. Haque","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2019.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2019.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated whether there was any chromosomal structural rearrangement in individual chromosome of two mutant lines of onion viz., BP2-100/1 and BP2-100/2 compared to the parental chromosomes which may explain the seed to seed productions of the mutants in the same winter season even at late planting in January unlike the parent variety. The chromosome preparation was made from the root tip by haematoxylin method. No deviation in the number of chromosomes was found in the mutant lines but the length of the individual chromosomes was longer than that of their parent variety. Out of the eight pairs of homologous chromosomes, seven pairs were metacentric and one pair submetacentric in the parent “BARI Piaz-2”; five pairs were metacentric and three pairs submetacentric in BP2-100/1; and three pairs were metacentric, three pairs submetacentric and two pairs of subtelocentric in BP2-100/2. It was assumed that the length extension of the chromosomes and rearrangements in the arm ratio were due to gamma irradiation that induced duplication and or translocations of some regions of the chromosomes. Further research is needed to identify the induced genes and to establish relationships of the genes with the modified seed production behavior of the mutants.","PeriodicalId":312861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131374912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Culture of the Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium vollenhovenii (Herklots, 1857) around the FUTO Axis of Otamiri River, Imo State, Nigeria","authors":"Daniel Chikere Njoku, Chukwuma Ogueri, Christian Ngozichukwu Anyanwu, Chukwuka Fabian Ezeafulukwe, Chinyere Chikere Njoku","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2019.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2019.01.006","url":null,"abstract":": Culture trial of 7,488 juveniles of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium vollenhovenii (Herklots, 1857) was carried out for 180 d in concrete tanks to determine their adaptability, survival, feed utilization and growth performance under culture condition. Twelve experimental concrete tanks each measuring 10 m × 5 m × 1.0 m were used for the experiment from March to August 2016. The prawns were stocked two weeks after treatment of tanks with agricultural lime at the rate of 2,279 kg/ha and poultry manure at the rate of 114 kg/ha. Four experimental diets tested were designated as T 1 : powdered broiler starter, T 2 : commercial brine shrimp, T 3 : combination of broiler starter and brine shrimp and T 4 : Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experimental Station (MAFES) diet formula. Diets were randomly assigned to the four treatment tanks and replicated three times in a 4 × 3 = 12 experimental units as a completely randomized design experiment (CRD). Each tank was stocked with 624 juvenile prawns with mean total length of 1.5 cm and body weight of 10.0 g. Prawns were fed at 5% body weight and twice at 0600 h and 1800 h. Sampling for growth was carried out bi-weekly while water quality was tested weekly. Results were statistically evaluated with one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Water quality of the four tanks was not significantly different ( p > 0.05) from one another throughout the culture period and conformed to recommended tolerable limits in prawn culture ponds. Growth performance was best in diet T 4 (the MAFES formula), with a survival rate of 75%, mean weight gain (MWG) of 65 g, relative growth rate (RGR) of 650%, specific growth rate (SGR) of 1.12%, average daily growth (ADG) of 0.3 g/day and food conversion ratio (FCR) of 1.44. The above values differed quite significantly ( p < 0.05) from growth responses of other diets. The computed gross ratio (GR) of 0.62 suggests that prawn culture is a highly lucrative business.","PeriodicalId":312861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122626794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjustment of Mathematical Models and the Quality of Drying the Pulped Coffee at Different Air Conditions","authors":"Paulo Carteri Coradi, Reni Saath, Carlos Henrique Reinato, Flávio Meira Borém","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2019.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2019.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to describe the drying kinetics of washed coffee (Coffea arabica L.) and evaluate the best mathematical model to fit the experimental drying data conducted with different air humidity (40%, 50% and 60%), temperatures (23, 40 and 60 °C) and the quality of the coffee. The cherries coffee were separated and standardized in the processes of washing, mechanical and manual separation. Then, approx. 85 kg of coffee cherries were pulped and taken directly to the yard. The washed coffee was completed dried in a mechanical dryer and yard. The results showed that the different conditions of the ambient air significantly influenced the processes of drying. The water content of the hygroscopic equilibrium of pulped coffee is directly proportional to the water activity and relative humidity (RH), decreasing with increasing temperature, for the same value of equilibrium. The Oswin model was best represented by the hygroscopicity of the pulped coffee, while the Midilli model shows the best fit to describe the drying curves of the washed coffee. The effective diffusion coefficient increases with increasing temperature of the drying air and reducing of RH, being described by the Arrhenius equation. Electrical conductivity, potassium leaching, total titratable acidity and grease acidity increase with increasing drying temperature regardless of the type of processing. Reducing sugars, total sugars and the sensorial quality was negatively affected with increasing drying temperature regardless of the type of processing. The drying at 60 °C/40% RH negatively affected the coffee quality.","PeriodicalId":312861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124460387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Water Quality Indices","authors":"Kanga Idé Soumaila, Albachir Seydou Niandou, Mustapha Naimi, Chikhaoui Mohamed, Keith Schimmel, Stephanie Luster-Teasley, Naeem Nizar Sheick","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2019.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2019.01.001","url":null,"abstract":": Water quality indices (WQI) are useful tools for indicating the suitability of water for an expected use. However, they can suffer from some problems. The objective of this paper was to analyze the development of WQI to determine which parameters are used in water quality assessment and to discuss the characteristics of WQI. To screen articles on WQI, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method is applied to include or exclude articles. Four necessary steps are needed to design WQI: parameter selection, standardization, weighting and aggregation. A set of six methods of aggregations of sub-indices are identified: the arithmetic mean, the geometric mean, the root square, the logarithmic function, the fuzzy inference and the minimum operator. The problems encountered for the overall index are different according to the form of aggregation. They are eclipsing, ambiguity, rigidity or flexibility, adaptability and compensation. The chemical parameters (70%) are the most used in the development of WQI with the physical parameters used at 24% and the biological parameters at 6%. Dissolved oxygen (DO, 87%), total coliforms (87%), biological oxygen demand (BOD, 73%), pH (73%), temperature (67%), turbidity (60%), ammonia (53%), ammonium (47%) and total dissolved solids (47%) are the most commonly used parameters for water quality assessment.","PeriodicalId":312861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B","volume":"435 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126111135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Somatic Embryogenesis in Iberian Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Cultivars Using Carpels as Initial Explants: Protocol Establishment and Histological Evaluation","authors":"Hélia Guerra Cardoso, Maria Catarina Campos, Maria Salomé Pais, Augusto Peixe","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2019.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2019.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Trincadeira and Aragonez are two important grapevine cultivars in the Iberian Peninsula, used for high quality red wines production. Both cultivars are strongly affected by fungal diseases, with consequent high loses on plant productivity and fruit quality. A successful protocol for plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis (SE) was established for both cultivars allowing further plant improvement based on gene transfer technology. Several factors were evaluated during the three different phases which characterize an SE plant regeneration protocol. The culture room temperature during the induction phase, a parameter usually accepted as standard by most researchers, proved in these trials to significantly affect the embryo induction rates. Concerning embryo conversion, it was specially affected by the embryo developmental stage, by the intensity and duration of the chilling treatment and by the supplementation of conversion culture medium with activated charcoal. The responses obtained, both for induction and conversion, proved to be highly genotype dependent. Calli structure, as well as embryo integrity, was histologically observed, allowing to characterize embryonic and non-embryonic masses and to identify abnormalities on embryo development.","PeriodicalId":312861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130347790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hungaro Durum Rye—Breeding, Genome Composition and Amino Acid Content of the First Triticale Cultivar for Human Consumption","authors":"József Kruppa Jr., Klaudia Kruppa, József Kruppa","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2019.01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2019.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"Hungaro triticale cultivar was bred for human consumption and animal fodder in Kisvárda, Hungary. The breeding method applied for the recombinant secondary hexaploid triticale proved to be effective since the favourable traits of wheat, durum wheat and rye were successfully combined in the genome of the new cultivar. The first aim was to characterize the genome composition. Multicolour genomic in situ hybridization (mcGISH) was used for the genome compositional analysis. According to the results, the cultivar contains the wheat AB genome (AABB = 28 chromosomes) and the whole rye (R) genome (RR = 14 chromosomes). The presence of D genome, however, could not be detected within the detection limit of the GISH method. Hungaro is the very first triticale in Hungary that has been used for human consumption (milling industry, baking industry, pasta production). In this study, amino acid content of flours was measured. Amino acid investigations on Hungaro durum rye’s flour showed that the quantity of essential amino acids, especially of methionine and cysteine, are higher in Hungaro durum rye than in the also investigated Ryefood rye cultivar and the GK Öthalom wheat cultivar. The genes inherited from the wheat species ensure high yield and great baking and dough making qualities. Therefore, its flour is suitable in itself for pastry and dough production (without mixing it with other flours). Its characteristics inherited from rye guarantee excellent abiotic and biotic resistance.","PeriodicalId":312861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131629265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}