Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B最新文献

{"title":"Optimization in the Selection of Sugarcane Varieties in a Sucro Energy Plant Located in the State of São Paulo, Brazil","authors":"R. Cervi, Helenice de Oliveira Florentino Silva, E. K. Filho, Gislaine Cristina Batistela, D. Simões","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2020.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2020.01.002","url":null,"abstract":": Sugarcane crops have undergone several changes with the intensification of agricultural machinery in Brazil in the last years. This occurs, mainly, due to the transfer of the semi-mechanized system to the mechanized one during harvest operations. Thus, studies are needed on the optimization of sugarcane production in relation to mechanized processes, since it is necessary to verify the adaptability of sugarcane varieties to the mechanization of the plantation. This study aimed to develop and apply a mathematical model of optimization to select sugarcane varieties that maximize production and meet the quality standards required by the industry for sugar and fiber contents. The data were collected in a sugarcane mill located in the interior of São Paulo state. The result obtained by the optimization process evinced an increase of 16.65% when compared to the productivity of the initial scenario.","PeriodicalId":312861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127537242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Profitability of Improved versus Traditional Cultivation Practices for African Indigenous Vegetables","authors":"O. Semalulu, Simon Okello, R. Naggayi, P. Kasambula, H. Shim","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2020.01.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2020.01.001","url":null,"abstract":": Vegetables are important for nutrition and income of rural and urban households. However, vegetable consumption in Uganda is below World Health Organization (WHO) recommended guidelines, partly due to low production. The persistent low production arises from poor cultivation methods, low soil fertility, poor quality seed, pests and diseases, among others. This study compared the profitability of improved cultivation methods for African indigenous vegetables (AIVs), i.e., pure stand and in lines, versus traditional practice (mixing seeds of different AIVs then broadcast), both for leafy and seed production. The AIVs included: Nakati ( Solanum aethiopicum L.), Bugga ( Amaranthus blitum L.) and Jobyo ( Gynadropsis gynandra L.), arranged in completely randomized (CR) design with three replicates. Results showed that Nakati was more profitable when grown for leafy compared to seed production with benefit: cost ratio (BCR) 9.2 and 4.0 for leafy and seed, respectively. Bugga for seed was more profitable compared to leafy production (BCR 18.0 and 2.7 for seed and leafy, respectively). Growing Jobyo for seed was more profitable than leafy production (BCR 14.9, 2.4 for seed and leafy, respectively). Growing indigenous vegetables (IVs) for seed in mixed broadcast system, out of the three IVs farmers stand to economically maximize benefits for one crop (BCR 0.9, 1.7 and 10.2 for Bugga, Nakati and Jobyo, respectively) compared to pure stand and in lines (BCR 18.0, 4.2 and 14.9 for Bugga, Nakati and Jobyo, respectively). Thus, famers stand to benefit more if they grow IVs as pure stand and in lines as opposed to mixed and broadcast, whether for leafy or seed production.","PeriodicalId":312861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115434557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Carbon Stocks Evolution in Organic Cotton-Based Cropping Systems in Southern and Northern Sudanese Agro-Ecological Zones of Burkina Faso","authors":"M. Traore, B. Koulibaly, K. Coulibaly, I. Traoré, Moussa Gnissien, Tahibou Paré, H. Nacro","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2019.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2019.06.003","url":null,"abstract":": Variation of soil carbon stock in the cropping systems is an important indicator of their sustainability. The present study was conducted in 2015 and 2018 in seven organic cotton production areas distributed over the Southern and Northern Sudan agro-ecological zones in Burkina Faso. Soil samples were collected in 2015 as baseline and in 2018, after three years of cropping seasons, to determine the variations in carbon stocks in plots under organic farming systems. Surveys were also conducted to understand the fertilization practices implemented by producers during the same period. The results revealed that the recommended fertilization packages were not respected due to low production capacity and under using of organic manure. After three years of cropping in 2018, the deficit of organic restitution has led to a high decline of the soil carbon stocks. This decline was more severe in the 0-10 cm depth in some soils where the decrease in carbon stocks ranged from -4.6 t/ha to -5.5 t/ha. The correlation between soil types and their carbon stocks in the 0-10 cm soil layer was found to be significant ( p < 0.05) in the Northern Sudan agro-ecological zone with adjusted R 2 = 74% and 54% in 2015 and 2018, respectively, and adjusted R 2 = 56% (2015) and 44% (2018) in the Southern Sudan agro-ecological zone. After three years of organic cotton-based farming, a decrease in the correlation between soil types and their carbon content was observed in the majority of cases. These results show that the process of carbon storage in soil is more influenced by agricultural practices and agro-ecological conditions than by the soil type.","PeriodicalId":312861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122129435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of New Cassava Varieties for Compatibility with Maize and Cowpea under Intercropping","authors":"M. B. Muli","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2019.06.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2019.06.005","url":null,"abstract":"Intercropping is a production system that involves the growing of two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land. In intercropping, the component species are not necessarily sown at the same time and their harvest times may be different, but they are simultaneous for a significant part of their growing period. Past research at KALRO-Mtwapa developed cassava varieties that are high yielding and tolerant to cassava diseases. The varieties were developed and tested under sole cropping but farmers intercrop cassava with maize and cowpea. An experiment was therefore conducted at KALRO-Mtwapa to evaluate the new cassava varieties for their suitability for intercropping with maize and cowpea. Four cassava varieties: KME-08-05 (Karembo), KME-08-02 (Tajirika), KME-08-06 (Nzalauka) and clone 2855 were used. The treatments comprised of the varieties and their intercrops with either maize or cowpea. The cassava number of root per plant was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) influenced by the presence of either maize or cowpea intercrop for all varieties except Karembo when intercropped with maize. Cowpea significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced the number of roots per plant for Karembo and Tajirika but its effect on clone 2855 and Nzalauka was similar to that of maize for the same parameter. Among the crop treatments clone 2855 had significantly lower number of roots per plant than the other three clones. In terms of root yield Karembo recorded significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher yield than Tajirika and clone 2855. However its root yield was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced by both maize and cowpea intercrops. The yield reduction by cowpea was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher than that of maize. The root yield for the Nzalauka and 2855 was significantly reduced by the presence of cowpea intercrop. Tajirika showed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) higher net income under cowpea intercrop than the other varieties. The yields of both maize and cowpea when intercropped with the four cassava varieties did not reveal any significant difference implying that cassava had no effect on the performance of the intercrops. Maize is therefore a better candidate for intercropping with cassava than cowpea and Tajirika is the most suitable variety for intercropping in coastal lowland Kenya.","PeriodicalId":312861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121202907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the Electrophoresis Tricine-SDS-PAGE for Simultaneous Detection of Protein and Peptide in Artisinal Cheese","authors":"Juliana de Oliveira Carneiro, M. P. Stephan, I. M. Castro, A. Chaves, A. A. Santos, T. Azevedo, M. Koblitz","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2019.06.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2019.06.006","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper was to optimize an electrophoretic methodology (Tricine-SDS-PAGE) to monitor the degree of caseins hydrolysis during the maturation time of artisanal cheese. A cheaper and easier method was obtained using small samples and micro-quantities of reagents. Simultaneous detection of proteins and peptides (100 kDa to 1 kDa) in the same gel was another advantage of the method. Initially, protein extraction was performed with 2 mg of lyophilized cheese dissolved in 1.0 mL of sample electrophoretic buffer for 1 h under stirring. After that, the Eppendorf tubes of the samples were kept at -4 °C for 4 h with additional centrifugation at 5,433 ×g for 2 min. This defatting process using centrifugation/refrigeration promoted a good separation of proteins and peptides from the fat layer. After this step, 30 μL of the supernatant of the protein extracts was applied to the electrophoresis gel. The results revealed a clear image of protein and peptides in the polyacrylamide gels and allowed an excellent response of the distribution of casein bands (α, β and κ) and the exposure peptide in cheese. The utilization of artisanal cheese as a pilot study of molecular protein analysis could be helpful for further correlation of the fingerprint of protein-peptide profile with taste quality.","PeriodicalId":312861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133686869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forecasting Flowering and Maturity Times of Barley Using Six Machine Learning Algorithms","authors":"Mingyuan Cheng, Mingchu Zhang","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2019.06.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2019.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"Interior Alaska has a short growing season of 110 d. The knowledge of timings of crop flowering and maturity will provide the information for the agricultural decision making. In this study, six machine learning algorithms, namely Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Support Vector Machines (SVMs), k-nearest neighbor (kNN), Naïve Bayes (NB), Recursive Partitioning and Regression Trees (RPART), and Random Forest (RF), were selected to forecast the timings of barley flowering and maturity based on the Alaska Crop Datasets and climate data from 1991 to 2016 in Fairbanks, Alaska. Among 32 models fit to forecast flowering time, two from LDA, 12 from SVMs, four from NB, three from RF outperformed models from other algorithms with the highest accuracy. Models from kNN performed worst to forecast flowering time. Among 32 models fit to forecast maturity time, two models from LDA outperformed the models from other algorithms. Models from kNN and RPART performed worst to forecast maturity time. Models from machine learning methods also provided a variable importance explanation. In this study, four out of six algorithms gave the same variable importance order. Sowing date was the most important variable to forecast flowering but less important variable to forecast maturity. The daily maximum temperature may be more important than daily minimum temperature to fit flowering models while daily minimum temperature may be more important than daily maximum temperature to fit maturity models. The results indicate that models from machine learning provide a promising technique in forecasting the timings of flowering and maturity of barley.","PeriodicalId":312861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B","volume":"49 s173","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132226854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Micronutrient Application with Different Sources of NPK on Growth and Yield of Finger Millet Crop in Red Laterite Zone","authors":"K. A. Chowdary, B. Patra","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2019.06.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2019.06.004","url":null,"abstract":": A field experiment had been conducted during spring season of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018 at Regional Research Sub-station of Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Raghunathpur, Purulia, West Bengal with the objective to study the effect of micronutrient application with different sources of NPK on growth and productivity of finger millet. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with two main plot treatments (sources of NPK, F 1 : 100% recommended dose of NPK (RDF) i.e., N:P 2 O 5 :K 2 O, 40:20:20 kg/ha, F 2 : 75% RDF + 2.5 t/ha farmyard manure (FYM)) and six subplot treatments (method and dose of micronutrient application, M 1 : ZnSO 4 at a rate 12.5 kg/ha as soil application, M 2 : ZnSO 4 at a rate 0.5% as foliar spray, M 3 : borax at a rate 10 kg/ha as soil application, M 4 : borax at a rate 0.5% as foliar spray, M 5 : ZnSO 4 at a rate 12.5 kg/ha + borax at a rate 10 kg/ha as soil application and M 6 : ZnSO 4 at a rate 0.5% + borax at a rate 0.5% as foliar spray) with three replications. The results of the experiment indicated (from pooled data) that there was a significant influence of sources of NPK and application of micronutrients on growth and performance of finger millet. The highest grain yield (2.24 and 2.30 t/ha) was recorded by 2.5 t/ha FYM + 75% RDF in combination with ZnSO 4 at a rate 0.5% + borax at a rate 0.5% foliar spray. So, organic and inorganic combination of NPK (75% RDF + 2.5 t/ha FYM) along with foliar application of both the micronutrients (Zn and B) together can boost up the yield and could be recommended for the cultivation of finger millet crop in red and laterite zone of West Bengal.","PeriodicalId":312861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124011751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simple and Rapid Screening Test to Detect Fake Honey Product","authors":"N. Johari, Nur Suhanawati Ashaari, Mohd Razif Mamat, A. Muhamad","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2019.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2019.05.004","url":null,"abstract":": Despite advancement in food analytical platforms and availability of CODEX standard, the fraud honey relentlessly remains as global issue. Even with stringent guidelines, controlling the incoming honey product at ground level proved to be challenging and difficult to tackle. While most analytical platforms are powerful enough to detect counterfeit honey products, there is also a need to develop a rapid screening test to support field regulatory activity. A chemical reagent developed based on biochemistry principle has proved to be able to differentiate synthetic honey product from its raw counterpart. The reaction required only three drops of honey product to react with few drops of reagent mixtures which resulted in a change of color and precipitation of proteins and other molecules within 2 min reaction. Test performed on raw honey samples inclusive of several stingless bees and Apis species honey resulted in a precipitation as compared to fake honey generated from a blend of white sugar, golden syrup, vinegar, lime juice and plantain which resulted in clear organic phase indicating missing natural honey biological matters. The difference between raw honey and fake honey reaction with the reagents can be utilized for real time on field screening activity before proceeding with authentication using complex analytical platforms.","PeriodicalId":312861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115172717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Novel Bread by Combining Seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii from Sri Lanka and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Isolated from Nectarine","authors":"N. Komatsuzaki, Sayoko Arai, S. Fujihara, J. Shima, Rathnayake Saman Wijesekara, M. Croos","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2019.05.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2019.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"Seaweeds are not used as much for edible use although many kinds of seaweed are collected in Sri Lanka. The objective of this study was to develop high quality bread using seaweed, Kappaphycus alvarezii collected from Sri Lanka, and wild yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolated from nectarine in Japan. Dietary fiber in K. alvarezii, Japanese sea weeds, Wakame and Aosa contained 48.1, 31.7 and 29.1 g/100 g, respectively. The amount of total organic acid increased in garlic bread compared to bread without garlic. The best swelling properties were evident in the bread with K. alvarezii (0.5%) and garlic. The bread including K. alvarezii increased the fermentative power of wild yeast while the addition of garlic increased the degree of swelling of the dough. In the sensory testing, the bread with K. alvarezii (0.5%) and garlic was favored for the fineness of its texture and had the most preferred texture. It is possible to develop seaweed bread that is rich in dietary fiber and has excellent flavor by adding a suitable amount of garlic during the fermentation process.","PeriodicalId":312861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124915713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Different Levels of Addition of Souari Nut Peel (Caryocar brasiliense) on the Quality of the Mombasa Grass Silage","authors":"R. T. Oliveira, A. Cezário, W. D. Santos, Jeferson Corrêa Ribeiro, T. Valente, H. C. Oliveira","doi":"10.17265/2161-6264/2019.05.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2161-6264/2019.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of souari nut peel on the fermentative characteristics and chemical composition of the Mombasa grass silage. A completely randomized design with five levels of addition (0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% in natural matter basis) of souari nut peel with three replicates was applied in the study. The silos were opened at 55 d after starting the ensiling process. The data were analyzed by means of linear/quadratic regression analysis, according to the best fit of the data and the probability values to 5%, using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS, 2002). There were a linear decreasing effect on the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ash and increasing values for the effluent in the silage. Quadratic effect was observed for crude protein (CP), lignin and pH. For the other factors dry matter (DM), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and gases there was no influence on the addition of souari nut peel. The 15% addition level of souari nut peel increased CP content, decreased NDF and pH, which was recommended to improve the fermentation profile of Mombasa grass silage.","PeriodicalId":312861,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology B","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130453699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}