{"title":"Tracking Control of an Electro-Hydraulic Actuator System using LQR Controller","authors":"N. Ishak, Ahmad Zikri Kamarudin, R. Adnan","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v20n2.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v20n2.255","url":null,"abstract":"Electro-Hydraulic actuator (EHA) is a one type of application used in industry and building high performance of motion control process. Apparently, dealing with EHA behaviour is quite difficult and make the controlling process complicated. Designing Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller as a feedback controller require in selecting the weighting parameter Q and R. The result shows that the higher value of Q offers fast response and high stability by referring the placement of close-loop poles. However, the higher value of Q gives a higher error that can make position performance of hydraulic actuator become worst. In order to overcome this problem, the feedforward controller is developed by implementing the zero-phase error tracking control (ZPETC). It shows that both feedforward and feedback controller offers good tracking position performance in reducing gain and phase error.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"1149 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115752425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. N. Paulson, K. M. Yusof, M. N. Marsono, U. Dauda, Fapohunda Kofoworola
{"title":"Quality of Service Evaluation of Software Defined Internet of Things Network","authors":"E. N. Paulson, K. M. Yusof, M. N. Marsono, U. Dauda, Fapohunda Kofoworola","doi":"10.11113/ELEKTRIKA.V20N1.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/ELEKTRIKA.V20N1.223","url":null,"abstract":"With the exponential growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) devices connected to the internet, resource provisioning for such the heterogeneous network is a challenging task for the traditional network architecture. In this context, the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) introduces many opportunities and provides the potential to overcome challenges associated with traditional network architecture. This work presents a Software-Defined IoT (SDIoT) architecture. The main focus of this research is to design a control plane (CP) for the SDIoT. The scope of this work is limited to the introduction of an overlay SDN CP in the traditional IoT network architecture. The proposed architecture focuses on resource provisioning while ensuring the quality of service (QoS) satisfaction for the network. A comparative analysis between the traditional and the SDN network approach was done in terms of Jitter, Latency and Throughput. From the latency, delay and throughput performance results, the SDN-based IoT network improves network efficiency by reducing network overheads generated from frequent communication between the nodes and the controllers. Precisely, the average latency and average jitter percentile improvement from the traditional IoT network to the SDIoT for all the nodes is 574% and 600% respectively. Also, an overall throughput improvement is recorded for the SDIoT when compared to traditional IoT network for all the nodes.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126443892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amirah ‘Aisha Badrul Hisham, Zi Han Low, M. Ishak, N. H. Idris
{"title":"Robotic Arm Control using Internet of Things (IoT)","authors":"Amirah ‘Aisha Badrul Hisham, Zi Han Low, M. Ishak, N. H. Idris","doi":"10.11113/ELEKTRIKA.V18N3-2.201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/ELEKTRIKA.V18N3-2.201","url":null,"abstract":"Robotic arm is a reprogrammable and multifunctional manipulator design to assist human in various surroundings. It is able to overcome human inefficiency in performing repetitive task such as pick and place operation. Thus, industrial in assembly and manufacturing have widely integrated robotic arm into their assembling line to overcome the problem of human inefficiency. Internet of things (IoT) allow data to be exchange between devices through the connection of many devices. The integration of internet of things with robotic arm allows smart industry to be realized. The purpose of this research is to design and build a three degree of freedom robotic arm with a mechanical gripper. The robotic arm can be controlled remotely through android mobile device to perform pick and place operation while Matlab provides the graphical movement of the robotic arm as a feedback.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123308014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuwaibatul Aslamiah Ghazali, H. Selamat, Z. Omar, R. Yusof
{"title":"Image Analysis Techniques for Ripeness Detection of Palm Oil Fresh Fruit Bunches","authors":"Shuwaibatul Aslamiah Ghazali, H. Selamat, Z. Omar, R. Yusof","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v18n3.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v18n3.192","url":null,"abstract":"Being one of the biggest producers and exporters of palm oil and palm oil products, Malaysia has an important role to play in fulfilling the growing global need for oils and fats sustainably. Quality is an important factor that ensuring palm oil industries fulfill the demands of palm oil product. There has significant relationship between the quality of the palm oil fruits and the content of its oil. Ripe FFB gives more oil content, while unripe FFB give the least content. Overripe FFB shows that the content of oil is deteriorates. There have 4 classes of ripeness stages involves in this paper which are ripe, unripe, underipe and overripe. The proposes approach in this paper uses color features and bag of visual word for classifying oil palm fruit ripeness stages. Experiments conducted in this paper consisted of smartphone camera for image acquisition, python and matlab software for image pre processing and Support Vector Machine for classification. A total of 400 images is taken in a few plant in north Malaysia. Experiments involved on a dataset of 360 images for training for four classes and 40 images for testing. The average accuracy for the 4 classes of the FFB by color features is 57% while the accuracy for ripeness classification by using bag of visual word is 70%.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"385 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115608832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Rabihah Dulkarim, M. F. Mohd Yusoff, Z. Johari
{"title":"Miniturize Flexible RFID Antenna Design using Metamaterial Structure","authors":"Nur Rabihah Dulkarim, M. F. Mohd Yusoff, Z. Johari","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v18n2.165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v18n2.165","url":null,"abstract":"Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is the application of electromagnetic fields to identify and track tags that attached on the objects. It transmits or reads the radio frequency waves in the system. However, due to rapid development of technology in telecommunication, a much more smaller and flexible device is needed. Therefore, in this paper, a new design of flexible RFID antenna using metamaterial structure has been proposed. At first, the basic rectangular microstrip patch antenna with resonant frequency of 900MHz is designed. Then, the CSRR metamaterial structure is introduced at the ground plane to reduce the size of the antenna while the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material is being use as the antenna substrate for flexibility. All the simulation designs were done using CST software. The antenna performances such as resonant frequency, return loss, radiation pattern, gain and bandwidth are then be analyzed and presented. The results show good performances and can be applied for future application.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"80 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134427028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulrahaman Okino Otuoze, M. Mustafa, O. Ibrahim, S. Salisu, O. Mohammed, Abdulkarim O. Oloyede, Zubairu Salisu Gaya
{"title":"Threats and Challenges of Smart Grids Deployments - A Developing Nations’ Perspective","authors":"Abdulrahaman Okino Otuoze, M. Mustafa, O. Ibrahim, S. Salisu, O. Mohammed, Abdulkarim O. Oloyede, Zubairu Salisu Gaya","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v18n2.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v18n2.157","url":null,"abstract":"Considerable efforts in huge investments are being made to achieve a resilient Smart Grids (SGs) deployment for the improvement of power delivery scheme. Unsurprisingly, many developing nations are making slow progress to the achievement of this feat which is set to revolutionize the power industry own to several deployment and security issues. Studying these challenges from both technical and non-technical view, this paper presents a highlight and assessment of each of the identified challenges. These challenges are assessed by exposing the security and deployment related threats while suggesting ways of tackling these challenges with prominence to developing nations. Although, a brief highlight, this review will help key actors in the region to identify the related challenges and it’s a guide to sustainable deployments of SGs in the region","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126163560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Face Recognition on Bag Locking Mechanism","authors":"M. Ishak, N. H. Idris, S. Sahlan","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v18n2.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v18n2.112","url":null,"abstract":"With the emergent of biometric technology, people are no longer afraid to keep their important things in the safe box or room or even facility. This is because; human beings have unique features that distinguish them with other people. The scheme is based on an information theory approach that decomposes face images into a small set of characteristic feature images called ‘Eigenfaces’, which are actually the principal components of the initial training set of face images. In this report, thorough explanation on design process of face recognition on bags locking mechanism will be elucidated. The results and analysis of the proposed design prototype also presented and explained. The platform for executing the algorithm is on the Raspberry Pi. There are two artificial intelligent techniques applied to manipulate and processing data which is fuzzy logic and neural networks. Both systems are interdependent with each other, so that it can calculate and analyse data precisely. The receive image from the camera is analysed through the Eigenfaces algorithm. The algorithm is using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method which comprise of artificial neural network paradigm and also statistical paradigm.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134437358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Millimeter Wave Fifth Generation (5G) Antenna for Smartphone Application","authors":"Fatin Iswani Azmi, F. Zubir, N. M. Nadzir","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v18n2.163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v18n2.163","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a single element antenna is designed at millimeter-wave frequency bands for future 5G smartphone applications. The configuration of proposed antenna is multiple L-slots on the ground plane which is designed on a low cost FR4 board. The antenna covers a frequency range between 28 to 35 GHz with a higher bandwidth 4.7 GHz. The antenna shows an excellent performance when integrated with the mobile phone application. The single element antenna exhibits a maximum radiation pattern around 5.945 dBi.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122955618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"UHF RFID Antenna Tag Design and Analysis for Antenna Miniaturization","authors":"N. M. Nadzir, M. Rahim, F. Zubir, H. Majid","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v18n2.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v18n2.164","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes four designs of UHF RFID antenna tag with two different radiating element, copper and aluminum, for antenna miniaturization. The main contribution of this work is the unique design that involves a meander line traced in a variety shape of a bowtie antenna. The UHF RFID band is achieved by reshaping a 900 MHz straight line dipole antenna into the form of a bowtie, thus reducing the size of the antenna significantly while maintaining the operating frequency. The effectiveness of the method is tested in multiple steps. First, the antenna tag designs are run through CST software simulations and optimized to achieve desired outcome. Next, the designs are transferred to Silhouette Studio software to be fabricated using a cutting machine, and finally measured using a vector network analyzer. The comparison between the measurement result of the reflection coefficient and the radiation pattern to their respective simulation results shows that they have a good agreement between each other. With further research and improvements, the size of the antenna tag could be further reduced while maintaining or even improving the performance of the antenna tag.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122540996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Abdullateef, M. F. Akorede, A. Abdulkarim, Momoh-Jimoh Eyiomika Salami
{"title":"Parametric Model Based Approach for Consumer Load Prediction","authors":"A. Abdullateef, M. F. Akorede, A. Abdulkarim, Momoh-Jimoh Eyiomika Salami","doi":"10.11113/elektrika.v18n2.152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v18n2.152","url":null,"abstract":"Various load prediction techniques have been proposed to predict consumer load which represents the activities of the consumer on the distribution network. Usually, these techniques use cumulative energy consumption data of the consumers connected to the power network to predict consumer load. However, this data fails to reveal and monitor the activities of individual consumers represented by consumer load consumption pattern. A new approach of predicting individual consumer load based on autoregressive moving average model (ARMA) is proposed in this study. Sub- optimal technique of parameter estimation based on Prony method was used to determine the model order of the ARMA models ARMA (10, 8), ARMA (8, 6) and ARMA (6, 4). ARMA (6, 4) was found to be appropriate for consumer load prediction with an average mean square error of 0.00006986 and 0.0000685 for weekday and weekend loads respectively. The energy consumption data acquired from consumer load prototype for one week, with 288 data points per day used in our previous work, was used and 5-minute step ahead load prediction is achieved. Furthermore, a comparison between autoregressive AR (20) and ARMA (6, 4) was carried out and ARMA (6, 4) was found to be appropriate for consumer load prediction. This facilitates the monitoring of individual consumer activities connected on the power network.","PeriodicalId":312612,"journal":{"name":"ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131235127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}