Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science最新文献_第7页

SDG 14 - life below water: trend and trajectory in Nigeria 可持续发展目标14 -水下生命:尼日利亚的趋势和轨迹

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2020-10-25 DOI: 10.57046/oncm7100

O. Adeyemo, Temitope O. Shogbanmu

{"title":"SDG 14 - life below water: trend and trajectory in Nigeria","authors":"O. Adeyemo, Temitope O. Shogbanmu","doi":"10.57046/oncm7100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57046/oncm7100","url":null,"abstract":"The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 14 is focused on the conservation and sustainable use of the oceans, seas and marine resources. Specifically, target 14.1 is aimed at preventing and significantly reducing marine pollution of all kinds in particular from land-based sources including marine debris and nutrient pollution. Aquatic ecosystems in Nigeria are diverse including freshwaters, brackish and coastal waters as well as marine ecosystems. They support a diversity of animal species which serve as food for man and support ecosystem functioning. Furthermore, these ecosystems provide significant services to man including transport, abstraction of water for domestic and industrial use, power generation, reservoir of hydrocarbon deposits which has been the backbone of the Nigerian economy for over five (5) decades (Akinlo et al., 2012), food security, among others. However, the pollution of these ecosystems has been reported by many researchers over the years and remains the subject of studies to date. Aquatic ecosystems such as those in the Niger Delta, Lagos lagoon, Ogun River, River Onne, Calabar River, among others have been reported to have been subjected to various anthropogenic influences from point and diffuse sources with consequent adverse impacts on water quality, aquatic biota, other wildlife, livestock and even humans (Sogbanmu et al., 2016; Ubiogoro and Adeyemo, 2017; Ibor et al., 2017, Adeyemo et al., 2019).","PeriodicalId":312312,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127956850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Green synthesis of TiO2particles using lime juice/lime Peel extract: photo degradation of dye in water 利用酸橙汁/酸橙皮提取物绿色合成tio2颗粒:水中染料的光降解

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2020-10-25 DOI: 10.57046/kcrn9556

K. Abdulwahab, Ajibola Ayorinde, Luqmon Adams

{"title":"Green synthesis of TiO2particles using lime juice/lime Peel extract: photo degradation of dye in water","authors":"K. Abdulwahab, Ajibola Ayorinde, Luqmon Adams","doi":"10.57046/kcrn9556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57046/kcrn9556","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, titanium dioxide (TiO2) particles were synthesized from bulk Titania using lime juice or lime peel as capping agents. The synthesized TiO2 nanoparticles were characterized using powder X-Ray Diffraction (p-XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Ultra-Violet Spectroscopy (UV-VIS). The photocatalytic property of the titania nanoparticles was tested by applying these nanoparticles to degrade methylene blue dye solution. The p-XRD pattern revealed an anatase structure. The SEM results showed that the nanoparticles capped with the lime peel extract had better shape and size distribution than those obtained from lime juice. This is quite interesting as the peel which would have been ordinarily considered a waste was found to be useful. The degradation of methylene blue showed that the titania nanoparticles could be applied to degradation of dye contaminated water. This process is simple, non-toxic, inexpensive and can be used for the remediation of effluents from dye and textile industries before they are discharged into the ocean. This in turn will keep the ocean clean and preserve the aquatic life.","PeriodicalId":312312,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129001840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biomarker profile of a silver catfish Chrysicthys Nigrodigitatus in heavy metal polluted areas of the Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria 尼日利亚拉各斯泻湖重金属污染区一种银鲶鱼的生物标志物特征

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2020-10-25 DOI: 10.57046/xrqc1151

G. Ajani

{"title":"Biomarker profile of a silver catfish Chrysicthys Nigrodigitatus in heavy metal polluted areas of the Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria","authors":"G. Ajani","doi":"10.57046/xrqc1151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57046/xrqc1151","url":null,"abstract":"Aquatic ecosystems are usually exposed to contaminants including heavy metals from anthropogenic activities and high concentration of these metals may alter physiological function in fish muscle. Assessment of biomarker profile will provide the role of antioxidant defence enzymes in response to metal accumulation. The present study aims to find the relationship between biomarker pattern in fish muscle and the contribution of antioxidant defence enzymes to sustain balance from metal toxicity. Adult fish (Chrysicthys nigrodigitatus), water and sediment samples were taken from five sampling stations, during the wet and dry season in the Lagos Lagoon. Heavy metals (lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc, iron) levels, antioxidant defence enzyme activity (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, reduced glutathione) and malondialdehyde were analysed in fish muscle using standards methods. Heavy metal levels showed significant difference (p<0.05) in fish muscles, water and sediment, with values above recommended standard for aquatic life. PCA showed that elevated activities of antioxidant defence enzymes correlated with increase metal concentrations within the fish muscle, which may indicate possible oxidative stress. Hence, measures should be implemented and sustained in the treatment of effluents before discharging into the aquatic habitat so as to reduce stress and sustained the wild population.","PeriodicalId":312312,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124176126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conversion of sewage sludge from healthcare facility to bio-crude oil using hydrothermal liquefaction technology 利用水热液化技术将医疗设施污水污泥转化为生物原油

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2020-10-25 DOI: 10.5423/PNGAS.V13I2S.265

O. Okareh, Ifeoluwa M. Akinniyi

{"title":"Conversion of sewage sludge from healthcare facility to bio-crude oil using hydrothermal liquefaction technology","authors":"O. Okareh, Ifeoluwa M. Akinniyi","doi":"10.5423/PNGAS.V13I2S.265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/PNGAS.V13I2S.265","url":null,"abstract":"Population growth, municipal waste management challenges, fossil fuel depletion and its associated pollution are increasingly becoming public health issues. These necessitate the production of renewable and sustainable biofuels. This study, therefore, employed the use of hydrothermal liquefaction for the conversion of sewage sludge to bio-crude oil. Samples of the sewage sludge were purposively collected from sewage treatment plant and subjected to laboratory analyses (in triplicates) using standard methods (ASTM and AOAC) to obtain the composition. Sewage sludge (25 kg) from the sewage treatment Plant of University College Hospital, Ibadan, was converted at 300oC to bio-crude oil and biochar using hydrothermal liquefaction. The bio-crude oil was analysed for its physico-chemical properties. Conversion product yield gave 34% bio-crude oil with cloud point, pour point, viscosity and density of -38.89oC, -36.11oC, 0.86cP and 1.04gml-1respectively. The Higher Heating Value (HHV) of the bio-crude oil was 30.60 MJ/kg. A total of 18 compounds were identified from the analysis of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) in the bio-crude oil with 17 compounds within the diesel range organics of crude oil which showed that bio-crude oil has great potential to serve as alternative to fossil fuels.","PeriodicalId":312312,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science","volume":"513 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124422943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biomonitoring of aquatic pollution: status and trends from genomics to populations 水生污染的生物监测:从基因组学到种群的现状和趋势

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2020-10-25 DOI: 10.5423/PNGAS.V13I2S.269

O. Adeyemo, Temitope O. Shogbanmu, S. Alarape, Namcy D. Denslow

引用次数: 1

Efficiency of crude oil degradation and peroxidase production by indigenous bacteria isolated from Ogoni land, River State, Nigeria 尼日利亚河州奥戈尼地区分离的原生细菌对原油的降解效率和过氧化物酶的产生

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2020-10-25 DOI: 10.57046/kcmv9521

Folashade Olajuyigbe, Cornelius O. Fatokun, K. Ehiosun

{"title":"Efficiency of crude oil degradation and peroxidase production by indigenous bacteria isolated from Ogoni land, River State, Nigeria","authors":"Folashade Olajuyigbe, Cornelius O. Fatokun, K. Ehiosun","doi":"10.57046/kcmv9521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57046/kcmv9521","url":null,"abstract":"Detrimental impacts of crude oil spills on life below water require urgent intervention. With the emergence of microbial remediation technology as a viable strategy for clean-up of oil spill, low degradation efficiency by many bacteria remains a major challenge. Exploring new bacterial isolates with improved crude oil degradation efficiency is therefore crucial. In this study, bacterial isolates from crude oil contaminated site in Ogoniland, Rivers State, Nigeria were screened for ability to grow on crude oil and glucose (control) as sole carbon sources. Three isolates exhibited higher growth on crude oil based medium (COBM) than on glucose based medium, and were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing as Bacillus cereus and Paenibacillus alvei strains 1 and 2. They were further investigated for their growth kinetics, degradation efficiency and total peroxidase production on varying concentrations of crude oil (30, 50 and 75 g/L) at 30°C and 180 rpm for 288 h. Results revealed exponential decline in residual crude oil during the logarithmic growth phase of the three bacteria. Total peroxidase activity increased as crude oil degradation progressed. Highest enzyme yields of 1.79 U/mg, 1.39 U/mg and 1.69 U/mg were recorded from B. cereus, P. alvei strain 1 and P. alvei strain 2, respectively at 240 h of cultivation in 50 g/L COBM with degradation efficiency of 87.52%, 90.90% and 84.95%. Remarkably, these bacteria showed ≥ 80% crude oil degradation efficiency at the peak of peroxidase production which suggests that the enzyme played significant role in crude oil degradation by the bacterial isolates.","PeriodicalId":312312,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132372469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Notes from the Editor in Chief 总编辑的注释

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2020-10-25 DOI: 10.57046/gpcx4170

F. Okonofua

引用次数: 0

Influence of organic mulch sources and time of their application on the yield of plantain (Musa spp.) in Owerri, southeast Nigeria 尼日利亚东南部奥韦里地区有机地膜来源及其施用时间对大蕉产量的影响

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.57046/ycwc4470

N. Okoli, J. Obiefuna, I. Ibeawuchi, Genevive Echefu, Rosemond Alagba, G. Ihejirika, L. Emma-Okafor

{"title":"Influence of organic mulch sources and time of their application on the yield of plantain (Musa spp.) in Owerri, southeast Nigeria","authors":"N. Okoli, J. Obiefuna, I. Ibeawuchi, Genevive Echefu, Rosemond Alagba, G. Ihejirika, L. Emma-Okafor","doi":"10.57046/ycwc4470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.57046/ycwc4470","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of five organic mulches (oil palm bunch refuse, oil palm fibre, woodchips, sawdust and multispecies thrash) applied at three different times {at planting, 3 and 6 months after planting (MAP)} at Owerri in the tropical rainforest agro-ecology of southeastern Nigeria were investigated. The experiment was a 3 x 5 factorial experiment laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Mulching of plantain using oil palm bunch refuse produced highest plantain bunch yield (17.68 t ha-1) while mulching with multispecies thrash gave lowest plantain bunch yield (12.02 t ha-1). Mulching of plantain at 3 MAP produced bigger plantain bunch yield (15.79 t ha-1) than mulching of plantain at planting (14.44 t ha-1) and at 6 MAPS (13.21 t ha-1). Mulching of plantain at 3 MAPS with oil palm bunch refuse stimulated early sucker proliferation, conserved soil moisture content, sustained plantain bunch yield and increased number of fingers per bunch in crop plantain and first ratoon bunch yield. These findings are important for the development of effective mulching strategy for rain fed zones in southeast Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":312312,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125158562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Food habit and ecological balance of fish species in Osun river, Nigeria 尼日利亚奥孙河鱼类的食物习性和生态平衡

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.5423/PNGAS.V13I1.271

A. Iyiola, A. Kolawole, O. A. Akanmu, A. O. Ayanboye, M. Ipinmoroti

{"title":"Food habit and ecological balance of fish species in Osun river, Nigeria","authors":"A. Iyiola, A. Kolawole, O. A. Akanmu, A. O. Ayanboye, M. Ipinmoroti","doi":"10.5423/PNGAS.V13I1.271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/PNGAS.V13I1.271","url":null,"abstract":"The food habit and ecological balance of fish species in Osun River were investigated for a period of 12 months (November 2017 to October 2018) with monthly sampling of water and fish species in the river. Fish were sampled using monofilament gill nets of mesh size between 25mm and 101mm. A total of 4544 individuals belonging to 19 species and 10 families were captured. They were grouped based on their feeding habits into herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. Carnivores dominated the River (38.63%) with Cichlids being the most abundant family (95.10%) and Oreochromis niloticus the most abundant fish species (14.10%). The Forage - Carnivore ratio (F/C) for the dry, wet and combined season was 0.64, 0.34 and 0.48 respectively. T-test showed significant differences (P < 0.05) between all the trophic groupings in relation to seasons. The mean values recorded across the sampling months were Temperature (18.70 oC ± 2.69), pH (7.10 ± 0.25) and Dissolved Oxygen (3.20 mg/L ± 0.54) while Ammonia (1.20 mg/L ± 0.18) was significantly different (P < 0.05) across the months of study. For the sampling points, mean values recorded were Temperature (17.90 oC ± 0.31), pH (7.20 ± 0.12), Dissolved Oxygen (3.20 mg/L ± 0.27 mg/L) and Ammonia (0.10 mg/L ± 0.21). The abundance of carnivores is not desirable, and it is therefore essential to maintain the ratio of forage and carnivorous fish species in the river for conservation of fish species.","PeriodicalId":312312,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124138330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The enhanced photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cell using carbon nanotubes as hole transport material 利用碳纳米管作为空穴传输材料增强钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电性能

Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.5423/PNGAS.V13I1.259

Samuel Micheal, M. Onimisi, J. A. Owolabi, E. Danladi, Mary Oni

{"title":"The enhanced photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cell using carbon nanotubes as hole transport material","authors":"Samuel Micheal, M. Onimisi, J. A. Owolabi, E. Danladi, Mary Oni","doi":"10.5423/PNGAS.V13I1.259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5423/PNGAS.V13I1.259","url":null,"abstract":"Perovskite based solar cells have enjoyed rapid and an unprecedented evolution over the past decade. These light-harvesting materials are of huge interest to the academic community in order to make more efficient solar cells which are expected to attain swift commercialization. They have attractive properties, most especially their high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) within few years in comparison to other third generation thin film technologies. In This research work, the effect of incorporating multi-walled carbon nanotubes as the hole-transport layer on the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells was investigated. UV-Vis spectrophotometry, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Surface Profilometer, Raman Spectroscopy and Solar Simulator were used to characterize and study the properties of the prepared cells. The reference cell demonstrated a PCE, current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF) of 2.82 %, 7.64 mAcm-2, 0.88 V, and 42.00 % respectively. When multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was incorporated, we observed a PCE of 4.30 %, Jsc of 8.47 mAcm-2, Voc of 0.85 V and FF of 60.00 %. The MWCNTs modified device shows an enhancement of 52.48 % in PCE, 10.86 % in Jsc, and 42.86 % in FF over the unmodified device. This is due to improved surface area of MWCNTs by acid treatment in generating functional groups that act as conducting bridge in reducing the contact resistance between individual nanotubes.","PeriodicalId":312312,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Nigerian Academy of Science","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133641470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0