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Forskelsbehandling op til valg? Sammenhængen mellem den elektorale cyklus og deservingness-heuristikken 选举前的歧视？选举周期与应得启发式之间的关系
Politica Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v56i1.142993
Victor Hejstvig-Larsen, Ebbe Normann Kristiansen
{"title":"Forskelsbehandling op til valg? Sammenhængen mellem den elektorale cyklus og deservingness-heuristikken","authors":"Victor Hejstvig-Larsen, Ebbe Normann Kristiansen","doi":"10.7146/politica.v56i1.142993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v56i1.142993","url":null,"abstract":"Denne artikel undersøger, om den elektorale cyklus – det fænomen at politikere indfører mere generøs policy tæt på et parlamentsvalg – betinges af modtagergruppers status som deserving. Vi argumenterer for, at strategiske politikere vil time generøs policy op til valg, men kun for deserving modtagergrupper, hvis velfærdsbehov ikke opfattes som selvforskyldte. For at undersøge argumentet har vi kodet et nyt datasæt over alle Folketingets vedtagne lov- og beslutningsforslag fra 1975 til 2019 indenfor fem policyområder. Gennem lineære sandsynlighedsmodeller finder vi, at politikere begynder at indføre yderligere generøs policy for deserving grupper tæt på valg, mens sammenhængen ikke findes for undeserving modtagergrupper. Vores fund peger i retning af en mere disaggregeret tilgang til studiet af den elektorale cyklus.","PeriodicalId":31188,"journal":{"name":"Politica","volume":"18 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139684595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Citizens’ choice of daycare provider: A conjoint experiment 公民对日托机构的选择：联合实验
Politica Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v56i1.143238
Peter Rasmussen Damgaard, Morten Hjortskov, Jakob Majlund Holm
{"title":"Citizens’ choice of daycare provider: A conjoint experiment","authors":"Peter Rasmussen Damgaard, Morten Hjortskov, Jakob Majlund Holm","doi":"10.7146/politica.v56i1.143238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v56i1.143238","url":null,"abstract":"In modern welfare states, citizens’ choice of service providers is consequential for both service quality and the design of public services. Politicians and other central decision makers have a substantial interest in understanding how different factors affect citizens’ choice of service and how citizens make trade-offs between these factors. Using a conjoint experiment on a representative sample of Danish citizens, we study the importance of different organizational factors in the choice of daycare provider. Our results show that all included factors have meaningful effects on the propensity to choose a given provider. However, information about public vs. private ownership does not seem to have an impact on service choice. Additionally, we study whether having a high proportion of staff with pedagogical education can offset the negative impact of a poor staff to child ratio – this turns out not to be the case.","PeriodicalId":31188,"journal":{"name":"Politica","volume":"17 5-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139880576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parlamentariske forhandlinger i Danmark 丹麦议会辩论
Politica Pub Date : 2024-02-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v56i1.142995
Asbjørn Skjæveland
{"title":"Parlamentariske forhandlinger i Danmark","authors":"Asbjørn Skjæveland","doi":"10.7146/politica.v56i1.142995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v56i1.142995","url":null,"abstract":"Forhandlingsteorien fortæller, hvordan man bør forhandle, hvis man vil forhandle klogt. Her lærer man om at gøre kagen større, og om hvordan man får så stor en bid af kagen som muligt. Forhandlinger er helt centrale i politik. Alligevel er der ikke mange videnskabelige studier, der anvender forhandlingsteorien på forhandlinger om lovgivning, ej heller om danske lovgivningsforhandlinger. Derimod findes der litteratur, der beskriver faktiske danske forhandlinger om lovgivning. Hvor godt svarer forhandlingslitteraturen og de beskrevne forhandlinger til hinanden? Politikerne kan i varierende grad lære noget af forhandlingsteorien, og forhandlingsteorien kan også lære noget af den danske forhandlingspraksis. Ministerens dominerende rolle i de parlamentariske forhandlinger reducerer væsentligt de kompleksitetsproblemer, som ellers forbindes med flerpartsforhandlinger.","PeriodicalId":31188,"journal":{"name":"Politica","volume":"35 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139829439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When (if ever) is discrimination based on reaction qualifications permissible? What do people think? 什么时候(如果有的话)基于反应资格的歧视是允许的?人们是怎么想的?
Politica Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i4.141538
Didde Boisen Andersen, Søren Flinch Midtgaard, Viki Møller Lyngby Pedersen
{"title":"When (if ever) is discrimination based on reaction qualifications permissible? What do people think?","authors":"Didde Boisen Andersen, Søren Flinch Midtgaard, Viki Møller Lyngby Pedersen","doi":"10.7146/politica.v55i4.141538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v55i4.141538","url":null,"abstract":"To what extent is it permissible for an employer (or a selector on their behalf) to take into consideration how customers might react to certain features of a candidate for a job? This is the question regarding so-called reaction qualifications. A luck egalitarian response to this question emphasizes two moral factors, to wit (i) whether the qualification in question is one that the candidate can affect by choosing appropriately, and (ii) whether the choice in question is associated with values that the candidate holds dear. We test folk intuitions regarding the relevance of these factors for assessing the (il)legitimacy of reaction qualifications and find that the former factor influences people’s assessments, whereas the latter does not.","PeriodicalId":31188,"journal":{"name":"Politica","volume":"38 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135411711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structural discrimination, denial and the role of intention 结构性歧视，否认和意图的作用
Politica Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i4.141537
Mira C. Skadegård
{"title":"Structural discrimination, denial and the role of intention","authors":"Mira C. Skadegård","doi":"10.7146/politica.v55i4.141537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v55i4.141537","url":null,"abstract":"Discrimination exists in many forms and in virtually all social contexts. Despite this, the subject continues to evoke discomfort and denial. This is in part due to a shared lack of knowledge and a failure to understand the relevance of the topic for those who do not experience the negative impacts of discrimination. However, movements such as #MeToo and BLM have generated increased curiosity and need for information on the subject. This article addresses structural discrimination, understood as discrimination embedded in structures, norms and common perceptions. Structural discrimination has extensive social consequences and costs. Increased knowledge of (and attention to) structural discrimination and related challenges can therefore contribute to more effective political and social initiatives and strategies that can address discrimination challenges.","PeriodicalId":31188,"journal":{"name":"Politica","volume":"40 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135411707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Er indirekte diskrimination uretfærdig? 间接歧视是否不公平？
Politica Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i4.141355
Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen
{"title":"Er indirekte diskrimination uretfærdig?","authors":"Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen","doi":"10.7146/politica.v55i4.141355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v55i4.141355","url":null,"abstract":"Mange mener, at indirekte diskrimination i sig selv er uretfærdig, fordi den på disproportional vis stiller bestemte grupper værre. I denne artikel rejser jeg to spørgsmål: 1) Hvad vil det sige at stille en gruppe værre, og 2) hvilke grupper er det relevant at interessere sig for, når vi stiller spørgsmålet om, hvorvidt en given praksis er indirekte diskriminerende? Jeg viser, at det er vanskeligt at besvare de to spørgsmål på en måde, der både indfanger den måde, vi normalt tænker om indirekte diskrimination på og samtidig indebærer, at indirekte diskrimination er uforenelig med de moralske hensyn, der begrunder det synspunkt, at indirekte diskrimination er moralsk problematisk. I den sidste del af artiklen forklarer jeg, hvorfor der ikke følger af artiklens negative konklusion – at indirekte diskrimination ikke i sig selv er uretfærdig – at vi skal undlade at mindske eller forbyde indirekte diskrimination.","PeriodicalId":31188,"journal":{"name":"Politica","volume":"38 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135411712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Strukturel diskrimination, benægtelse og intention 结构性歧视、否认和意图
Politica Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i4.141356
Mira C. Skadegård
{"title":"Strukturel diskrimination, benægtelse og intention","authors":"Mira C. Skadegård","doi":"10.7146/politica.v55i4.141356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v55i4.141356","url":null,"abstract":"Selvom diskrimination findes i mange former og stort set i alle sociale kontekster, vækker emnet et vist ubehag og benægtelse. Feltet vanskeliggøres af et lavt fagligt kendskab til emnet, hvilket forhindrer effektive løsninger. Desuden kan det synes vanskeligt for mange, der ikke selv mærker eller berøres negativt af diskrimination, at få øje på udfordringens relevans. Bevægelser som #MeToo og BLM har dog skabt en øget nysgerrighed og interesse om feltet. Denne artikel omhandler strukturel diskrimination, hvilket forstås som diskrimination indlejret i strukturer, traditioner, normer og fælles opfattelser. Strukturel diskrimination har omfattende konsekvenser og omkostninger for samfundet. Øget viden om (og opmærksomhed på) strukturel diskrimination og relaterede udfordringer kan derfor bidrage til mere forståelse såvel som effektive politiske og sociale tiltag og strategier, der berør diskriminationsudfordringer.","PeriodicalId":31188,"journal":{"name":"Politica","volume":"37 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135411713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is indirect discrimination unjust? 间接歧视不公平吗?
Politica Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i4.141536
Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen
{"title":"Is indirect discrimination unjust?","authors":"Kasper Lippert-Rasmussen","doi":"10.7146/politica.v55i4.141536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v55i4.141536","url":null,"abstract":"Many believe that indirect discrimination is unjust as such, because, by definition, it involves the imposition of disproportionate disadvantages on the group of discriminatees. In this article I ask two questions: 1) What does it take to disadvantage a group, and 2) which groups are relevant for the purpose of determining whether a given practice is indirectly discriminatory? I argue that it is difficult to answer these two questions in a way that aligns both with the way in which we normally think about indirect discrimination and the view that indirect discrimination necessarily clashes with the moral concerns that we normally think render indirect discrimination morally objectionable. In the last part of the article, I explain why the article’s negative main claim – that indirect discrimination is not unjust in itself – does not entail that we should refrain from reducing or prohibiting indirect discrimination.","PeriodicalId":31188,"journal":{"name":"Politica","volume":"40 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135411706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diskriminerer danske vælgere kvindelige og etniske minoritetskandidater? Resultater fra et surveyeksperiment 丹麦选民是否歧视女性和少数民族候选人？一项调查实验的结果
Politica Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i4.141535
Lasse Laustsen, Claire Gothreau
{"title":"Diskriminerer danske vælgere kvindelige og etniske minoritetskandidater? Resultater fra et surveyeksperiment","authors":"Lasse Laustsen, Claire Gothreau","doi":"10.7146/politica.v55i4.141535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v55i4.141535","url":null,"abstract":"Repræsentation af såvel kvinder som etniske minoriteter er et tilbagevendende tema ved danske valgkampe. En mulig forklaring på den vedblivende underrepræsentation er, at vælgerne vurderer kvinder og etniske minoritetspersoner mindre positivt sammenlignet med etnisk danske mænd, og at denne tendens potentielt er stærkest blandt højreorienterede vælgere med høj Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). Analyser fra et surveyeksperiment med 1116 repræsentative danskere viser, at danskerne gennemsnitligt ikke vurderer kvinder og etniske minoritetspersoner som dårligere politikere. Nuancerede eksplorative analyser viser dog, at vælgerne i takt med stigende SDO og højreorientering vurderer etniske minoritetskandidater mindre positivt, mens et tilsvarende ideologisk mønster ikke findes for kvindelige kandidater. Repræsentationsproblemer for kvinder og etniske minoriteter relaterer sig således forskelligt til SDO og politisk ideologi. Resultaternes teoretiske og normative implikationer diskuteres afslutningsvis.","PeriodicalId":31188,"journal":{"name":"Politica","volume":"27 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135411391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do Danish voters discriminate against women and ethnic minority candidates? Insights from a survey experiment 丹麦选民是否歧视妇女和少数民族候选人?来自调查实验的见解
Politica Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.7146/politica.v55i4.141539
Lasse Laustsen, Claire Gothreau
{"title":"Do Danish voters discriminate against women and ethnic minority candidates? Insights from a survey experiment","authors":"Lasse Laustsen, Claire Gothreau","doi":"10.7146/politica.v55i4.141539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7146/politica.v55i4.141539","url":null,"abstract":"Representation of women and ethnic minorities is a recurring topic in connection with Danish elections. One possible explanation for the consistent underrepresentation is that voters evaluate women and ethnic minority candidates less favorably than men with an ethnic Danish background. Theoretically, this possibility might be particularly pronounced among conservative voters high in Social Dominance Orientation (SDO). Analyses from a survey experiment with 1116 representative Danish citizens show that Danes, on average, do not evaluate women and ethnic minority candidates less favorably. However, nuanced exploratory analyses show that growing SDO and conservatism cause voters to evaluate ethnic minority candidates more negatively, while a similar pattern does not obtain with respect to candidate gender. Consequently, issues about underrepresentation of women and ethnic minorities relate differently to SDO and political ideology. The theoretical and normative implications of the results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":31188,"journal":{"name":"Politica","volume":"38 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135411710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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