SRPN: Water Supply (Topic)最新文献

{"title":"From Profit to Polity: A U.S. Water Utility’s Transition to a Government-Shareholder Model","authors":"J. Beecher","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3828802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3828802","url":null,"abstract":"The Pennichuck Corporation, located in New Hampshire, U.S., provides a unique opportunity to explore the rare structural transition from investor-ownership to a government-shareholder model for a long-standing regional water utility. In early 2012, concluding a ten-year dispute, the City of Nashua leveraged its power of eminent domain to become Pennichuck’s sole shareholder not by a taking but by a stock purchase agreement transferring the entirety of the company’s regulated and unregulated assets. We draw on primary documentation and data to review the terms of the transaction and contrast the ex-ante and ex-post models. Utility operations and state economic regulation remained constant over the transition, thus controlling for their potential effects. Our descriptive analysis of time-series financial and other data provides evidence of outcomes, including the lower cost of capital and operations. This information-rich case illustrates the arduous process of public acquisition, calling into question the institutionalized policy asymmetry favoring private over public acquisitions, which undermines structural competition.","PeriodicalId":311687,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Water Supply (Topic)","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121581162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of Simulation Tools to Study Climate Change Effects on Agriculture in an African Country","authors":"Zied Haj-Amor","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3367223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3367223","url":null,"abstract":"African agriculture is highly vulnerable to climate change. The continuance of agricultural production in regions of the African continent with chronic water shortages depends upon understanding how major crops (such as wheat and maize) are impacted by climate change (i.e. higher temperatures and fluctuating rainfall). In the present study, a four-year field study (2015-2018) was conducted in an African country (Tunisia) to determine how the wheat yield and nitrate leaching were affected by climate change in 2050. DSSAT model was used as a simulation tool. The results of this study show that the wheat yield will decrease significantly by 2050 (decreasing percentage = 28%) due to climate change condition. Also, the simulation results showed that the used model (DSSAT model) is powerful tool for evaluating the effects of climate change on wheat yield and nitrate leaching. Furthermore, it is recommended to apply the adequate fertilizer amounts to enhance wheat yield resistance to future climate change. The findings of this study could be an effective guide to improve wheat management in Tunisia with respect to climate change. Overall, the study can be used to implement the most appropriate strategy of soil and crop management to minimize effects of climate changes on wheat yield.","PeriodicalId":311687,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Water Supply (Topic)","volume":"47 24","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132388492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beneficiary Involvement in Sustainability of Donor-funded Project: Extent and Effectiveness","authors":"Balozi M. Morwa, (Ph.D), Gemechu Yadeta Gabissa","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3288558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3288558","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to examine the influence of beneficiary involvement on sustainability of donor funded projects using OLMULO water project in Arusha region as a case study. The motivation behind this study comes from various findings and observations that show that sustainability of rural water supplies is a major challenge in Tanzania that has accelerated a challenge in regards to access safe water in the country. The study deployed a correlation and regression analysis in a dataset of 309 respondents referred herein as beneficiaries of OLMULO donor-funded project. Pearson correlation coefficient test together with Chi-square and T-tests were used to assess the strength of the relationship between independent variables and variable. The Pearson R-value of 0.605 with a p-value of 0.000 was found representing a positive and very statistically significant correlation of 60% between beneficiary involvement and sustainability of donor-funded projects. The t-test reported bigger t-value, ranging from t=50 to t=218, the more likely is that the results or response from most respondents are similar (repeatable) as equally supported by low values of standard deviations as well as standard error mean(s). Using collinearity diagnostic tests (tolerance statistics and VIF values) in the regression output, a multicollinearity concerns was detected. In solving the multicollinearity problem, all highly correlated variables were excluded from the model. The model predicted 92% variation in project sustainability from the given change in the level or ways beneficiaries are getting involved in the management of the project. The R-square (R2 =0.366) implies that the total variance in sustainability of project is explained by level of beneficiary involvement in managing a project only in the tune of only 37% while the residual 63% remains explained by other factors away from management of the project by beneficiaries. These other factors are represented by the error term (et) component in the regression equation. Therefore, further research (perhaps using different methodology) should be conducted to investigate the other unknown factors beyond involvement in management of projects that also influence the sustainability of donor-funded projects in Tanzania. Thus, project sustainability must or must not only depend on beneficiary involvement in managing the projects, instead, there is potential for increasing project sustainability by paying close attention to other factors that are potential to sustainability of donor-funded projects. However, following limitations of the study, the findings and arising policy implications of this study are as well not foolproof and thus the empirical evidence at this stage is only suggestive and is open for further research.","PeriodicalId":311687,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Water Supply (Topic)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130234848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential for Economic Regulation of Michigan’s Water Sector","authors":"J. Beecher","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3769499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3769499","url":null,"abstract":"This policy brief considers the potential role for economic regulation of water utilities in Michigan, particularly given considerable pressure on infrastructure costs and prices and subsequent concerns about efficiency and equity. Economic regulation by state public utility or public service commissions (PSCs) is widely accepted for privately (investor) owned utilities in the United States. Michigan is one of only six jurisdictions that do not regulate water utilities (along with the District of Columbia, Georgia, Minnesota, North Dakota, and South Dakota). Today, while all of Michigan’s 1,385 water systems are subject to environmental regulation, none are subject to economic regulation, including rate review.","PeriodicalId":311687,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Water Supply (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130184134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Effect of Roughness Coefficient of Kashafrud River on the Water Surface Level Focusing on Vegetation","authors":"Sorush Niknamian","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3353913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3353913","url":null,"abstract":"The roughness coefficient is one of the important parameters in the hydraulics of open channels, which is a function of various factors; therefore, its exact determination is of great importance. In practical studies such as the determination of riverbed limits or river management plans, the roughness coefficient is generally determined by field observations and based on engineering judgments. In this study, the Cowan, Jarvela, and Velzen methods have been used to calculate the vegetation roughness, in addition, the exact roughness coefficient of the Kashafrud River was determined using field observations and experimental results. Finally, the total roughness coefficient was used as input data in the HEC-RAS software to calculate the water level. It was revealed that vegetation density and water level were the most important factors in determining the roughness coefficient, and factors like flow velocity or vegetation height were less effective in comparison with the afore-mentioned factors. It was also found that the Jarvela and Velzen methods had the lowest and highest roughness coefficients, respectively; in other words, the Jarvela and Velzen methods provided an underestimate and an overestimate of vegetation roughness, respectively.","PeriodicalId":311687,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Water Supply (Topic)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125982836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drought and Groundwater Management","authors":"Eirik S. Amundsen, F. Jensen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2814931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2814931","url":null,"abstract":"This paper considers the problem of a water management authority faced with the threat of a drought that hits at an uncertain date. Three management policies are investigated: i) a laissez-faire (open-access) policy of automatic adjustment through a zero marginal private net benefit condition, ii) a policy of optimal dynamic management ignoring the threat of the drought and relying on automatic adjustments through a zero marginal social net benefit condition, iii) an economically optimal dynamic policy taking account of the threat of a drought. In particular, we show that the optimal pre-drought steady-state equilibrium stock size of water under policy iii) is smaller than under policy ii) and, hence, a precautionary stock size should not be built up prior to the drought.","PeriodicalId":311687,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Water Supply (Topic)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127346062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Water-Energy-Food Nexus","authors":"I. Alloisio","doi":"10.1406/80782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1406/80782","url":null,"abstract":"The Water-Energy-Food Nexus (WEF Nexus) addresses the interrelated nature of our global natural resource systems. This reflection aims to better understand the interactions between the natural environment and human activities, and to suggest a more coordinated management and use of natural resources. A set of solutions are proposed and some best practices at the international level on the coordinated use of water and energy are presented.","PeriodicalId":311687,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Water Supply (Topic)","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125162165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the Enhance Oil Recovery (EOR) Potential of Water and Gas Injection in Oil Shale Reservoirs","authors":"Yasir Shahzad","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2478558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2478558","url":null,"abstract":"From oils operators interests has been made by producing oil from unconventional shale reservoirs due to the relatively unpretentious natural gas price. The ultimate recovery of shale resources is still low from 5 to 10 percents assuming even though many incredible work on it has been done to develop shale resources. More and more production strategies and stimulation strategies are being tested and considered to sort out in the improvement of oil production from the shale reservoirs, as a result of the significant role of shale resources in the future oil and gas industry. As we know the simulation approach is an inexpensive and rapid approach to assess its EOR potential, thus there’s a need of conducting a research in laboratory and applying a precise method to enhance oil recovery (EOR) in the field. In designing field testing and laboratory experiments the synthesis of simulation outcome will be assistive. In this paper by waterflooding and by gas flooding, a simulation access to appraise the EOR potential in shale oil reservoirs has been used. By sensitivity studies the oil recovery and production behavior of various strategies and schemes has been discoursed. Simulation results and consequences of gas injection, water injection and primary production have been compared thoroughly. Study and results have shown that the water injection has a much lower potential to improve the oil recovery from that of a shale oil reservoirs whereas miscible gas injection has a higher potential. Above a minimum miscible pressure (MMP) Gas injection can be thoroughly miscible with oil, so decreasing or reducing the viscosity of oil significantly, also in accession to the mechanism of pressure maintenance. Oil recovery factor can be enhanced up to 15.1 percents by gas injection in a shale reservoir which is hydraulically fractured, are specified through the simulation results, whereas from the primary depletion the oil recovery factor is only 6.5 percents. The recovery of oil from gas flooding than from waterflooding is measured about 11.9 percents. The results have shown that the only way to enhance the recovery of oil from shale oil reservoir could be possible from that of miscible gas flooding.","PeriodicalId":311687,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Water Supply (Topic)","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131517085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Participatory Approach for Assessing Alternative Climate Change Adaptation Responses to Cope with Flooding Risk in the Upper Brahmaputra and Danube River Basins","authors":"L. Ceccato, Valentina Giannini, C. Giupponi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1474608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1474608","url":null,"abstract":"This work illustrates the preliminary findings of a participatory research process aimed at identifying responses for sustainable water management in a climate change perspective, in two river basins in Europe and Asia. The paper describes the methodology implemented through local workshops, aimed at eliciting and evaluating possible responses to flooding risk. Participatory workshops allowed for the identification of four categories of possible responses and a set of nine evaluation criteria, three for each of the three pillars of sustainable development. The main result of such activities consists in the ranking of broad response categories, to contribute to the orientation of the Brahmatwinn research project towards the identification of Integrated Water Resource Management Strategies (IWRMS) well grounded upon the issues and preferences elicited from local experts. The mDSS tool was used to facilitate transparent and robust management of the information collected through Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and the communication of the outputs.","PeriodicalId":311687,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Water Supply (Topic)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116798862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Markets - Water Markets: Australia's Murray-Darling Basin and the US Southwest","authors":"Q. Grafton, Clay J. Landry, G. Libecap, R. O'Brien","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1437510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1437510","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide supplies of fresh water are increasingly scarce relative to demand. This problem is likely to be exacerbated with climate change. In this paper, we examine water markets in both Australia’s Murray Darling Basin and the western US and their prospects for addressing water scarcity. The two regions share a number of important similarities including: climate variability that requires investment in reservoirs to make water available in low-rainfall periods; the need for internal and cross-border (state) water management; an historical major allocation of water to irrigators; increasing competition among different uses (agricultural, environmental and recreational in situ uses, urban demand); and the potential for water trading to more smoothly and quickly allocate water across these competing uses. A comparison of the two regions provides important insights about how economic factors can encourage more efficient water allocation, market structure and government regulation.","PeriodicalId":311687,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Water Supply (Topic)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123714368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}