Muhammad Mansur Haruna, A. U. Bashir, H. Ismail, M. Sani
{"title":"Modelling effects of water stress on the productivity of irrigated wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) in a semiarid condition of Northeastern Nigeria","authors":"Muhammad Mansur Haruna, A. U. Bashir, H. Ismail, M. Sani","doi":"10.22441/sinergi.2023.2.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2023.2.010","url":null,"abstract":"Lake Chad region is currently experiencing trending issues. Climate change is among the major influencers of these issues that require inevitable consideration for a sustainable ecosystem. Various crop models have been developed and employed in various environmental conditions and management practices, which are cheaper and easier than field experiments. Therefore, crop models could be used to simulate various water management strategies and suggest suitable options. In this work, the FAO AquaCrop model has been evaluated to simulate deficit irrigation (DI) scenarios for wheat crops using data generated from a field experiment. The model simulated grain yield (GY), biomass yield (BMY), biomass production (BMP) and canopy cover (CC) adequately during its calibration and validation. However, its performance in simulating water productivity (WP) and actual crop evapotranspiration (ETa) was low with average r2, NRMSE, model efficiency (EF) and Willmot Index of agreement (d) of 0.58, 11.0 %, -1.40 and 0.69 respectively. The study of DI scenarios using the model revealed that the application of DI throughout the growth stages of the crop could significantly affect GY and WP. The highest GY and WP of 5.3 t/ha and 1.50 kg/m3 were respectively obtained at the application of full irrigation (T100). Increasing DI beyond 20 % depressed both GY and WP significantly. However, increasing the irrigation interval from seven to ten days did not affect GY, thereby improving WP from 1.28 kg/m3 to 1.38 kg/m3. Therefore, applying an 80 % irrigation requirement throughout the wheat growing season at 10-day intervals could save 25 % of irrigation water, a valuable strategy to improve irrigation water use without significant yield reduction. Furthermore, irrigation-related scientists and managers can use the validated model to decide the current and future irrigation water management for similar wheat varieties in similar environmental conditions.","PeriodicalId":31051,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah SINERGI","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75917598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Wahyudi, Swandya Eka Pratiwi, A. Supriyanto, D. Aji
{"title":"The influence of heat rate and austenitization temperature on microstructure and hardness of Hadfield steel","authors":"H. Wahyudi, Swandya Eka Pratiwi, A. Supriyanto, D. Aji","doi":"10.22441/sinergi.2023.2.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2023.2.012","url":null,"abstract":"The As-Cast condition of Hadfield alloy usually contains (Fe, Mn)3C carbides around the austenitic grains, which promote brittleness, making the steel impractical in industry. Heat treatment is normally applied to reduce carbide content, lower carbides, and improve toughness. However, a complete austenitic structure is not attainable during solution treatment. The dissolution temperature and dissolution time are critical to obtaining complete carbide content. Furthermore, heating must be done slowly, and the quenching speed must be fast enough. This study examines the effect of heat rate and austenitization temperatures in the solution treatment on the microstructure and hardness of Hadfield steel. The heat rate of 3, 6 and 10 oC/min is selected to determine whether there is a change in the microstructure of Hadfield steel. The four austenitization temperatures of 1000, 1100, 1150 and 1200 oC are used to ascertain carbide dissolution into the austenite matrix. Grain boundary, hardness, and phase transformation will confirm the microstructural change and hardness properties. The optical microscope shows carbide content is reduced as the austenitization temperature increases. The consequence of carbide dissolution affects the hardness. Its hardness decreases as temperature increase due to the loss of carbide. The as-Cast specimen has the highest hardness of 227.8 HV30, and the lowest hardness is 176.7 HV30 belongs to a specimen that is heated up to 1200 °C and quenched into water. Grain size is measured by the line intercept method, which shows its increase as temperatures increase. The result of grain measurement is as follows: As-Cast 224.6 mm, T 1000 °C 323.3 mm, T1100 °C 409.2 mm, T1150 °C 1014.4 mm, T1200 °C 881.6 mm. SEM-EDS confirms that the main phase is austenite, and a small amount of carbide is detected in the austenite matrix. ","PeriodicalId":31051,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah SINERGI","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76163830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Makmur Saini, M. Djalal, Muhammad Azhar, Golda Evangelista Patrix
{"title":"Modeling and implementing a load management system for a solar home system based on Fuzzy Logic","authors":"Makmur Saini, M. Djalal, Muhammad Azhar, Golda Evangelista Patrix","doi":"10.22441/sinergi.2023.2.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2023.2.014","url":null,"abstract":"Solar Home System is one of the technologies for utilizing solar power at home. To optimize the performance of PLTS, it is necessary to regulate the use of electrical energy. In this research, an effort is made to control the load using fuzzy logic to regulate the power consumption used by the load so that energy can be utilized effectively. The fuzzy logic method works based on the input given so that the desired results can be as expected. To test the effectiveness of the fuzzy logic method, this study was tested with two types of loads: lighting and fan loads. For lighting loads, it uses two light sensor inputs, and for air conditioning, it uses two temperature sensor inputs and a PIR sensor. The test results show that in the experiment of setting the light load using fuzzy logic, the average power usage at the load is 11.31 watts. In contrast, without fuzzy logic, the average power usage value for the load is 14.29 watts. In the fan load control experiment using fuzzy logic, the energy consumption setting was obtained according to the room temperature input and the number of people in the room. The test results received power usage without using fuzzy logic, where the average fan power usage value is 4.32 Watts, while without fuzzy logic, the average power usage value is 2.97 Watts. For one sensor input, the average power usage value of the average fan is 3.02 Watts; without fuzzy logic, the average power usage value is 2.93 Watts for two sensor inputs. ","PeriodicalId":31051,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah SINERGI","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87920946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Wahid, Nisa Methilda Andriana Rodiman, A. Rahma, A. Ahmad, Andri Kapuji Kaharian
{"title":"Model predictive control with exogenous auto-regressive model to improve performance in the CO2 removal","authors":"A. Wahid, Nisa Methilda Andriana Rodiman, A. Rahma, A. Ahmad, Andri Kapuji Kaharian","doi":"10.22441/sinergi.2023.2.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2023.2.011","url":null,"abstract":"Model predictive control (MPC) is used in the CO2 removal process in the Subang field to improve its control performance. MPC is used to maintain the CO2 concentration at the sweet gas output by controlling the feed gas pressure (PIC-1101), makeup water flow rate (FIC-1102), and amine flow rate (FIC-1103). The empirical model applied to MPC to represent the process model is the auto-regressive exogenous (ARX) model. The ARX model is compared with the first order plus dead time (FOPDT) model based on the root mean square error (RMSE) between the model and the actual process, then MPC parameters are tuned which include sampling time (T), prediction horizon (P) and control horizon (M) to control for the three variables. Improved control performance is measured based on the integral square error (ISE). The results show that the ARX model is the best model for the CO2 removal process with an RMSE value of 35%-91% smaller than the FOPDT model. The optimal control parameters Prediction Horizon (P), Control Horizon (M) and Sampling Time (T) in the CO2 removal process are 75, 25 and 1 on PIC-1101, 25, 10 and 1 on FIC-1102, and 30, 25 and 1 on FIC-1103. The MPC-ARX (MPC using ARX model) can improve the control performance of 33% in the servo control and 6-56% on the regulatory control. However, not all of them showed an increase in control performance improvement from previous studies even though they had used the best model (ARX). This is due to the MPC parameter setting that is not yet appropriate, so it needs to be retuning.","PeriodicalId":31051,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah SINERGI","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89848843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuliastuti Juliastuti, Timotius Kurniawan Wihartono, O. Setyandito, Y. Wijayanti, Lisma Safitri, Ika Sari Damayanthi Sebayang
{"title":"The assessment of drainage performance in the residential area using SWMM","authors":"Yuliastuti Juliastuti, Timotius Kurniawan Wihartono, O. Setyandito, Y. Wijayanti, Lisma Safitri, Ika Sari Damayanthi Sebayang","doi":"10.22441/sinergi.2023.2.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2023.2.016","url":null,"abstract":"Flood is a general issue that can lead to the life and safety of residents. One of the problems is the lack of capacity in the drainage system in a residential area. This paper will analyze the drainage system based on the capacity in one of the residential clusters. The method for the drainage system performance in hydrology analysis was carried out with Log Person, and the return period for rainfall duration is ten years (R10) for hydraulic analysis using drainage system modeling with EPA – SWMM 5.1. The result based on hydrological is the precipitation for flood forecasting is 159.79 mm. It is found that the drainage capacity is filled in downstream of the main drain with a maximum discharge of 2.726 m3/s and secondary drains with a maximum discharge of 0.624 m3/s. Improvements were made to resolve the insufficiency of the existing channels by running two different scenarios: (1) Re-design the dimensions of the main and secondary channels, (2) Implement a detention pond, as well as re-design the dimensions of the secondary channels. Both scenarios could overcome the flood problem. Scenario 2 shows a higher reduction in the flow discharge at the downstream channel compared to scenario 1. ","PeriodicalId":31051,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah SINERGI","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91223610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Plans for upgrading existing conventional 150 kV substations into digital substations in Sulawesi - Indonesia, accompanied by financial studies","authors":"Daniel Rio Armanda, Pawenary Pawenary","doi":"10.22441/sinergi.2023.2.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2023.2.013","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of Indonesia's G20 Presidency lies on three main pillars, one of them is transition to sustainable energy. The development of these conditions forced PLN (State Electricity Company in Indonesia) to innovate by participating in implementing the latest digitalization technology in distribution electrical energy to customers, one way to do this is by implementing the smart grid concept, which is digital substation technology, is considered capable to response the challenges of digitizing the electricity system in the energy distribution sector. Digital substation technology in Indonesia is still in development stage and there are only six pilot projects in scattered locations, hence in-depth research is needed regarding equipment requirements and the amount of investment needed by PLN to build digital substations, especially the plan for implementing digital substations in Sulawesi. One of methods for developing digital substations in Indonesia is upgrading conventional into digital substation. Research is conducted by studying and observing the existing digital substation in Indonesia. Afterwards in this paper will be explained how to upgrade and what materials, or equipment that must be equipped to upgrading conventional substations. Then, what is the actual value of the investment needed by PLN to build or upgrading into a digital substation in Indonesia, especially in Sulawesi. Furthermore, whether the upgrading plans can be declared financially feasible.","PeriodicalId":31051,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah SINERGI","volume":"4599 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88512803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multilabel image analysis on Polyethylene Terephthalate bottle images using PETNet Convolution Architecture","authors":"Khoirul Aziz, Inggis Kurnia Trisiawan, Kadek Dwi Suyasmini, Z. Iklima, Mirna Yunita","doi":"10.22441/sinergi.2023.2.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2023.2.003","url":null,"abstract":"Packaging is one of the important aspects of the product. Good packaging can increase the competitiveness of a product. Therefore, to maintain the quality of the packaging of a product, it is necessary to have a visual inspection. Furthermore, an automatic visual inspection can reduce the occurrence of human errors in the manual inspection process. This research will use the convolution network to detect and classify PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) bottles. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method is one approach that can be used to detect and classify PET bottle packaging. This research was conducted by comparing seven network architecture models, namely VGG-16, Inception V3, MobileNet V2, Xception, Inception ResNet V2, Depthwise Separable Convolution (DSC), and PETNet, which is the architectural model proposed in this study. The results of this study indicate that the PETNet model gives the best results compared to other models, with a test score of 96.04%, by detecting and classifying 461 of 480 images with an average test time of 0.0016 seconds.","PeriodicalId":31051,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah SINERGI","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77980746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dedik Romahadi, W. Suprihatiningsih, Yudha Aji Pramono, Hui Xiong
{"title":"Development of a smart system for gasoline car emissions diagnosis using Bayesian Network","authors":"Dedik Romahadi, W. Suprihatiningsih, Yudha Aji Pramono, Hui Xiong","doi":"10.22441/sinergi.2023.2.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2023.2.009","url":null,"abstract":"A vehicle exhaust emissions test is an activity carried out to determine the content of the remaining combustion products that occur in the fuel in the vehicle engine. Many people do not understand exhaust gas content from emission tests, so to make this easier, this study aims to create a smart application that can diagnose vehicle emissions quickly and accurately using the Bayesian Network (BN) algorithm. Application development begins with BN modeling using the MSBNx application until the appropriate results are achieved. Validation of the BN structure that has been designed with various inputs is carried out to ensure that the BN modeling is correct. The next step is to compile the BN modeling algorithm in the MATLAB application so that it becomes a system that can process input in the form of measurement results for Toyota car emissions. The new BN model for vehicle emission gas diagnosis has been successfully constructed. The results of the system reading when there is an HC content of 217 ppm, the probability value of bad emissions increases to 63.5%. Of the 10 tests performed, the system was able to diagnose them all correctly.","PeriodicalId":31051,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah SINERGI","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82654195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Budianto Budianto, Z. O. Feri, Q. Nurlaila, Helena Sitorus, Tina Hernawati Suryatman
{"title":"Quality system as a mediating variable of the relationship between lean manufacturing and operational performance in the food industry","authors":"Budianto Budianto, Z. O. Feri, Q. Nurlaila, Helena Sitorus, Tina Hernawati Suryatman","doi":"10.22441/sinergi.2023.2.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2023.2.008","url":null,"abstract":"The failure to implement lean manufacturing (LM) in the food industry was caused by the overlapping application of LM tools. The application of LM in the food industry is experiencing problems in the form of confusion in the placement of QS or Quality Control (QC). This problem is the background of this research. The objective of this study is to compare two methods of the implementation of LM in improving operational performance (OP), namely (1) making quality control (QC) a part of LM practice and (2) making quality control (QC) a part of the quality system (QS). The applied analytical method was the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) based on Partial Least Square (PLS). The research findings indicated that \"making QC a part of QS\" can optimally mediate increasing LM against OP. This study's originality is a comparison of the relationship between LM and OP based on the two methods with large sample sizes. The implications of the findings are expected to become recommendations for applying LM in the food industry, especially in terms of placing quality in its implementation.","PeriodicalId":31051,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah SINERGI","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85087917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of operational risk of embedded Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) technology based on ISO 31000: Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Dian Elok Pertiwi, L. H. Kusumah","doi":"10.22441/sinergi.2023.2.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22441/sinergi.2023.2.007","url":null,"abstract":"In the current digital era, telecommunications industry technology is growing rapidly, impacting the demands for innovation in the telecommunications operator business. One of them is the change in the size of the Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card model, which is getting smaller, and the use of embedded SIM (eSIM) technology on smartphones. This study aims to identify operational risk factors from the change in SIM card technology to eSIM. The research method used is the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. This study documents and reviews scientific journal papers from scientific databases published from 2015 to 2022 on risk management in the information technology field, following this research's objectives. The results obtained from this study showed that there were 43 journals studied, of which four had the theme of technology-embedded subscriber identity module (eSIM), and 13 discussed risk operations technology","PeriodicalId":31051,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Ilmiah SINERGI","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88792555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}