Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология最新文献

{"title":"Geoecological assessment of water bodies in the drainage basin of the White Sea based on geomorphometric analysis of the relief","authors":"E. V. Polyakova, Y. Kutinov, Z. Chistova, A. Mineev","doi":"10.31857/s0869780924010078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0869780924010078","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, the authors considered the eastern part of the White Sea drainage basin within the administrative boundaries of the Arkhangelsk region. The aim of the study was to assess the potential predisposition of the main rivers inf the Arkhangelsk region to the drift and accumulation of sedimentary material (including polluting material) based on the calculation of the geomorphometric parameters of the relief. Analysis of pollution sources at the global (European Center for Environmental Destabilization), regional (Kola industry) and local levels (enterprises of the Arkhangelsk region) showed that the region is a recipient of pollution. The main route of pollutant transport is atmospheric, which is further transformed during floods. At the local level, the transfer is carried out due to the runoff of water. In all of the above options, the nature of the relief has a dominant role in the redistribution of pollution. Each type of transport can be taken into account and evaluated when calculating the geomorphometric parameters of the relief, which quantitatively demonstrate the potential predisposition of the territory to the drift, transit and accumulation of sedimentary material. The high role of drainless depressions as receivers and accumulators of pollution in the calculation of runoff into surface and groundwater and the transfer of material, both in ionic and suspended form, is shown. Based on the calculation of such parameters as Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Terrain Ruggedness Index (TRI), LS factor, it was concluded that in the basins of such large rivers of the Arkhangelsk region as the Northern Dvina and Pinega, the processes of washout and transit, and, as a result, the pollution transfer prevail. In the basins of the Onega and Mezen rivers, accumulation of sedimentary material is predominant.","PeriodicalId":309934,"journal":{"name":"Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология","volume":"19 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling seawater intrusion upon water withdrawal from coastal aquifers","authors":"E. V. Drobyazko, A. V. Rastorguev","doi":"10.31857/s0869780924010019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0869780924010019","url":null,"abstract":"Seawater intrusions into coastal aquifers have been the object of study by hydrogeologists since long ago. A wide range of methods are used to predict the development of intrusions: analytical, numerical analytical and numerical. The purpose of this paper is to identify and evaluate seawater intrusion using a coastal groundwater intake as an example. The paper considers a coastal groundwater intake, where mineralization, total hardness and chlorides have increased due to intensive exploitation. Seawater intrusion is assumed to be the main reason for the groundwater quality deterioration. To prove the seawater intrusion motion, chemical sampling of water from the intake wells was carried out, which resulted in chlorine-bromine coefficient values indicating the presence of seawater admixture in fresh groundwater. The seawater intrusion was evaluated using numerical-analytical and numerical modelling. The estimation obtained by the analytical element method (GFLOW code) indicates the presence of seawater intrusion at the studied water intake. However, the analytical element method calculations provide the ultimate steady-state estimate of the intrusion development. Also, the method uses the assumption of a sharp freshwater-saltwater boundary. Numerical modelling provides a more realistic assessment. In building the three-dimensional numerical model, special attention was paid to the nature of the connection between the exploited aquifer and the sea. In the onshore part, the Quaternary aquifer is separated from the exploited aquifer by a clay layer with interbedded gravel and sand, but there is no data on the composition of sediments beneath the sea. To clarify their composition, profile numerical models were built in the FEFLOW program with different degrees of connection between the sea and the exploited aquifer. One of the models suggests a direct connection between the sea and groundwater through sand, while the other one is complicated by clay. According to the results of the profile models, the direct connection between the exploited aquifer and the sea was proved, which was taken into account in the construction of the three-dimensional numerical model. On the numerical model in the SEAWAT program, the change in the seawater intrusion position in different periods of water intake operation with different water withdrawal values was obtained, after which the calculation results according to numerical-analytical and numerical models were compared.","PeriodicalId":309934,"journal":{"name":"Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология","volume":"37 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mathematical modeling of the excessive 234U formation in groundwater","authors":"I. V. Tokarev","doi":"10.31857/s0869780924010023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0869780924010023","url":null,"abstract":"Excess of uranium-234 in natural water (ratio 234U/234U 1 in comparison to the equilibrium value as 1 by activity) correlates with global climate variations, increasing during warm and decreasing during cold periods. The hurricane disequilibrium of 234U/234U 10 are found in groundwater. Based on mathematical models, it is shown that such anomalies are the result of a geologically long stay of aquifers in a frozen state in the past and the subsequent melting of ground ice with the formation of “revived” water. Non-freezing film moisture present in permafrost rocks make a decisive contribution to the formation of hurricane 234U excess.","PeriodicalId":309934,"journal":{"name":"Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология","volume":"56 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141817961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the reclamation of land disturbed by mining in Kuzbass using applied geophysical technologies","authors":"A. N. Solovitskii, N. Y. Nikulin","doi":"10.31857/s0869780924010115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0869780924010115","url":null,"abstract":"The experience in reclamation of disturbed lands in Kuzbass is summarized. The demand for studying the spatial distribution of soil composition and water content in soil at the technical stage of land reclamation is shown. Currently, there is a need to develop new methods for the reclamation of disturbed lands, aimed at ensuring further development of depleted areas. The goal of research is to develop a method for reclamation of lands disturbed by mining operations in Kuzbass, based on the use of applied geophysical technologies by the example of the Taldinsky coal mine. The proposed method is based on the zoning of the mined-out area proceeding from the results of applied shallow geophysical survey on the state of soils and their water content, which provides a new level of information interaction between the technical and biological stages of reclamation. The practical use of this method is to expand the possibilities of reclamation of disturbed lands for the development of rational environmental management.","PeriodicalId":309934,"journal":{"name":"Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология","volume":"37 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrochemical features of the Tuzlov River as an indicator of the consequences of industrial and agricultural activities in Eastern Donbass (Rostov-on-Don Region, Russia)","authors":"A. D. Sazonov, V. Zakrutkin","doi":"10.31857/s0869780924010084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0869780924010084","url":null,"abstract":"The spatial and temporal variability of solute transport, chemical composition and water quality in the Tuzlov River basin for the period 2003–2019 has been considered. The purpose of this study was to consider the Tuzlov basin as an indicator of the consequences of economic activity in the territory of Eastern Donbass. The results obtained on the transport of dissolved substances in the upper part of the basin showed an increase in the transport of major ions, on the contrary, a decreasing trend in the transport of copper, zinc and phosphorus phosphate compounds. Further, the variability of water chemistry in the middle section of the basin, as well as at the observation sites above and below Novocherkassk was considered. In the middle reaches, the increase in the content of major ions continued, and a sharp increase in the concentration of phosphorus phosphate was recorded. The tendency to reduction of copper and zinc compounds remained the same. Below Novocherkassk — at the closing site of hydrochemical observations — the content of phosphorus phosphates, copper and zinc compounds increased to the greatest extent. Water quality during the period under consideration remained at the level of class 4 (“dirty”), its spatial and temporal variability was insignificant. Based on the results obtained, conclusions were made about the leading role of the consequences of coal mining in the increase in the content of major ions (primarily due to sulfate ions) and total iron compounds in water. At the same time, agricultural activities in the catchment lead to a decrease in the content of copper, zinc and phosphorus phosphate compounds in water. However, at the most urbanized Tuzlov River site in the city of Novocherkassk, the content of these components in water increased significantly. The results of the study may be useful in planning conservation measures in the studied area.","PeriodicalId":309934,"journal":{"name":"Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология","volume":"32 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimative engineering geological zoning for allocation of municipal solid waste landfills (by the example of Vladimir Region, Russia)","authors":"V. I. Osipov, O. Eremina, I. Kozliakova, Yu. A. Mamaev, I. A. Kozhevnikova, N. Anisimova","doi":"10.31857/s0869780924010099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0869780924010099","url":null,"abstract":"The paper describes the scientific and methodological fundamentals for the assessment of engineering geological conditions at platform areas for selection of environmentally friendly sites for allocating municipal solid waste landfills. By the example of Central Federal region of Russia and its part, Vladimir area, the algorithm of assessing the geoenvironment suitability is shown proceeding from the comprehensive consideration of geological structure, lithology of ground massifs, hydrogeology, and geohazards. The typological zoning of geoenvironment is performed in three stages: the first stage includes the small-scale zoning for the preliminary estimation of ground conditions of large regions at the federal level; the second stage comprises the medium-scale zoning for the comprehensive assessment of the territory according to the complex of natural conditions in order to distinguish favorable areas at a regional level; the third stage stands for the large-scale zoning for outlining and comparison of particular plots for MSW disposal proceeding from the score assessment of factors. For each distinguished type of ground conditions, the additional eningeering protective measures for landfill arrangement are assigned.","PeriodicalId":309934,"journal":{"name":"Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология","volume":"37 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the leaching of aluminophosphate glass in the presence of bentonite","authors":"K. A. Boldyrev","doi":"10.31857/s0869780924010031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0869780924010031","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a model of aluminophosphate glass leaching, an analogue of the RW glass matrix, in static mode in the presence of bentonite. Parameterization of the model is based on experimental data. The model takes into account the kinetics of the glass matrix leaching and the transformation of bentonite mineral phases; sorption processes are also taken into account, as well as the inhibition of leaching by the precipitation of secondary mineral phases formed. The model demonstrates a small transformation of clay phases, as well as the formation of secondary phosphate phases and gibbsite upon leaching of glass in the contact zone with bentonite. The simulation was carried out in the PhreeqC software.","PeriodicalId":309934,"journal":{"name":"Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология","volume":"39 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seismicity and seismic mode in Sverdlovsk Region","authors":"A. Y. Osipova, V. Y. Osipov, D. D. Byzov","doi":"10.31857/s0869780924010052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0869780924010052","url":null,"abstract":"Sverdlovsk region is a major industrial center. There are mining enterprises, chemical plants, reservoirs, and high-capacity power plants. These objects are located close to large settlements. Currently, about 400 seismic events are recorded in the region annually. These are industrial explosions, rock bursts, rock tectonic events and tectonic earthquakes. Tectonic earthquakes are rare. For the period 1788–2022, about 30 tectonic earthquakes were recorded in Sverdlovsk region. The intensity of earthquakes at the epicenters was up to 5.0–6.0 on the MSK-64 scale. To ensure the seismic safety of objects of increased responsibility and especially important engineering structures, it is necessary to carry out studies on detailed seismic zoning of the territory under consideration. The article presents the results of seismological studies. Consolidated unified catalogue of seismic events that occurred in the Urals region was compiled. Historical and instrumental catalogue data for the period 1788–2022 served as the basis. In this paper, a repeatability graph is presented. The graph position below the abscissa scale indicates weak seismic activity in the region. Earthquakes with a magnitude of 2.5 ≤ MS ≤ 5.5 occurred over the period 1788–2022 on average with a frequency of less than 1 event per year. The resulting slope of the b-value repeatability graph is 0.6446 ± 0.1093. For a detailed knowledge of the repetition of earthquakes of various magnitudes in the area under consideration, a matrix of seismic activity A3.3 was constructed. In general, the observed area is weakly differentiated in terms of seismic activity (A3.3), which varies in the range of 0.001 ≤ A3.3 ≤ 0.011. At the same time, the highest values of A3.3 are observed in the western part of Sverdlovsk region within the coordinates 5730′–58 N, 5830′–60 E. The background values of seismic activity (A3.3=0.001) are typical for the eastern part of the Sverdlovsk region, located within the West Siberian plate. In the study area, the sources of most of perceptible earthquakes are localized in the depth interval of 10–15 km, which corresponds to the depths of the pre-Riphean crystalline basement rocks.","PeriodicalId":309934,"journal":{"name":"Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология","volume":"94 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration: composition, leaching of heavy metals, treatment, possibilities of application and permissibility of burial","authors":"T. Yuganova, V. Putilina","doi":"10.31857/s0869780924010108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0869780924010108","url":null,"abstract":"The most important problem that arises when handling bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration, due to possible environmental pollution, is considered. The composition, chemical properties and mineralogy of bottom ash are presented. Issues of pollutant leaching from bottom ash, leaching testing methods, and predictive modelling are considered. Heavy metals as the most hazardous pollutants for the environment have been studied. The role of pH and dissolved organic carbon in leaching heavy metals is described. Methods for processing bottom ash to reduce environmental impact, the possibilities of using slag and regulatory restrictions are presented.","PeriodicalId":309934,"journal":{"name":"Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология","volume":"49 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141817982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New technology of protecting a stationary engineering structure from landslide pressure","authors":"G. P. Postoev, A. I. Kazeev, M. M. Kuchukov, N. A. Orlova","doi":"10.31857/s0869780924010043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31857/s0869780924010043","url":null,"abstract":"The methodology of protecting stationary objects (foundations of high-voltage network, cable road, overpasses, etc.) located on an active landslide slope is considered. A new approach to implementation of protective measures is proposed. It is based on the identified features of formation of new geological structures in the ground massif at the local area of technogenic impact. Dissipative geological structures develop in the landslide massif upon its thrusting on a immobile object. In particular, a core and boundary envelopes are formed at the contact with the frontal surface of the object, in accordance with the parameters of the latter. A methodology is proposed to ensure the flow of landslide masses around the object and its stability.","PeriodicalId":309934,"journal":{"name":"Геоэкология. Инженерная геология. Гидрогеология. Геокриология","volume":"86 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141818558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}