基于地形地貌分析的白海流域水体地质生态评估

E. V. Polyakova, Y. Kutinov, Z. Chistova, A. Mineev
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摘要

在这篇文章中,作者考虑了阿尔汉格尔斯克州行政边界内的白海流域东部。研究的目的是在计算地形地貌参数的基础上,评估阿尔汉格尔斯克州主要河流沉积物(包括污染物质)漂移和堆积的潜在倾向性。对全球(欧洲破坏环境中心)、地区(科拉工业)和地方(阿尔汉格尔斯克州企业)污染源的分析表明,该地区是污染的接收者。污染物迁移的主要途径是大气,并在洪水中进一步转化。在地方一级,污染物的转移是通过径流进行的。在上述所有方案中,泄洪的性质在污染的再分配中起着主导作用。在计算地形的地貌参数时,可以考虑和评估每种类型的迁移,这些参数从数量上显示了该地区沉积物漂移、过境和堆积的潜在倾向性。在计算流入地表水和地下水的径流以及离子和悬浮物质的转移过程中,无排水洼地作为污染的接收器和积累器发挥着重要作用。根据地形湿润指数(TWI)、地形崎岖指数(TRI)、LS 系数等参数的计算得出的结论是,在阿尔汉格尔斯克州的北德维纳河和皮涅加河等大河流域,冲刷和过境过程占主导地位,因此污染转移也占主导地位。在奥涅加河和梅津河流域,主要是沉积物的堆积。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Geoecological assessment of water bodies in the drainage basin of the White Sea based on geomorphometric analysis of the relief
In the article, the authors considered the eastern part of the White Sea drainage basin within the administrative boundaries of the Arkhangelsk region. The aim of the study was to assess the potential predisposition of the main rivers inf the Arkhangelsk region to the drift and accumulation of sedimentary material (including polluting material) based on the calculation of the geomorphometric parameters of the relief. Analysis of pollution sources at the global (European Center for Environmental Destabilization), regional (Kola industry) and local levels (enterprises of the Arkhangelsk region) showed that the region is a recipient of pollution. The main route of pollutant transport is atmospheric, which is further transformed during floods. At the local level, the transfer is carried out due to the runoff of water. In all of the above options, the nature of the relief has a dominant role in the redistribution of pollution. Each type of transport can be taken into account and evaluated when calculating the geomorphometric parameters of the relief, which quantitatively demonstrate the potential predisposition of the territory to the drift, transit and accumulation of sedimentary material. The high role of drainless depressions as receivers and accumulators of pollution in the calculation of runoff into surface and groundwater and the transfer of material, both in ionic and suspended form, is shown. Based on the calculation of such parameters as Topographic Wetness Index (TWI), Terrain Ruggedness Index (TRI), LS factor, it was concluded that in the basins of such large rivers of the Arkhangelsk region as the Northern Dvina and Pinega, the processes of washout and transit, and, as a result, the pollution transfer prevail. In the basins of the Onega and Mezen rivers, accumulation of sedimentary material is predominant.
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