{"title":"Forensic Investigation of Suicidal Hanging in Lavatory of Custody Cell and Some Remedial Steps-A Case Study","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijfr.01.01.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijfr.01.01.06","url":null,"abstract":"Custodial death refers to the death of a person in the police custody/ lockup or in the prison. Death in custody is usually associated with apprehension and community concern, and raises the suspicion of violation of human rights. Studies conducted in few countries have shown that people in custody have increased rate of morbidity and mortality than those not in custody. In the present study, a person had committed suicide by hanging in the lavatory while kept in police station cell. In this case, the blanket available in the cell is used as ligature material for hanging. This incidence highlights the need to prevent any loose material present in the cell that may be a possible means of suicide. The present custodial death is presented with a view to provide information which will help for effective remedial steps and the establishment of better preventive strategies to prevent such incidence in the custody in future.","PeriodicalId":309861,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Research","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116256673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digital Forensics: Where Are We?","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijfr.01.01.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijfr.01.01.10","url":null,"abstract":"Digital Foensics is a branch of Forensic Sciences that involves the recovery of materials in digital devices, e.g. computers, mobile phones and storage devices. Fast and continuous advances in digital techniques and devices are happening. On the other hand, the forensic tools to track these technologies are short lagged. This mini-review discusses the issue and its consequences and recommendations for covering the gap between the two.","PeriodicalId":309861,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Research","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126224010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evocation of DNA from the Blood Sample Mixed with Road Concrete- A Forensic Review","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijfr.01.01.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijfr.01.01.09","url":null,"abstract":"Several types of biological samples are recovered in different conditions in various types of crimes. Sometimes, due to mishandling of the evidence they do not produce good results. Blood is a common type of biological sample found at crime scene involving hitand-run, murder and various sexual assaults, etc. In the cases such as hit and run, the blood gets mixed up with the soil and act as resistance in obtaining proper DNA profiling of a victim or a suspect. The advanced technologies for DNA profiling like STR analysis help in the identification of a criminal even if there is not much quantity of biological sample from the crime scene. But non-scientific procedure of blood collection and preservation reduces the chances of amplification of DNA. Additionally, in many outdoor cases blood sample contaminated with soil becomes problematic because of the presence of humic acid in soil. Humic acid inhibits the amplification of DNA and leads to unsuccessful profiling of DNA. The inhibitors in the samples act as obstacle in the cases where blood is lifted from the surface of earth and lead to the unsuccessful DNA analysis. PCR artifacts like partial profiles, multi-peaks, or complete failure of DNA profile can be seen in STR profiles obtained from contaminated samples. In this study, we reviewed the blood samples recovered from different surfaces (wall of plaster, cemented floor pieces, black road concrete) over a period of 5 to 36 months. This study concludes that the sample containing less soil particles yield DNA higher than the samples containing high amount of soil particles.","PeriodicalId":309861,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Research","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127380133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Variations of Foramen Transversarium in Typical Cervical Vertebrae","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijfr.01.01.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijfr.01.01.03","url":null,"abstract":"The cardinal feature of cervical vertebrae is the foramen transversarium, which transmits the vertebral artery, its accompanying vein and a sympathetic plexus from the inferior cervical ganglion. The aim of the present study was to observe the variations in the size and shape and number of foramen transversarium of typical cervical vertebrae. The study material consisted of 176 typical cervical vertebrae of unknown sex and origin, taken from adult dried human bones present in archieve of department of anatomy. The maximum and minimum mean diameters of the foramen transversarium on the right side were 6.54 mm and 5.39 mm respectively. On the left side, the maximum and minimum mean diameters of the foramen transversarium were 6.28 mm and 5.27 mm respectively. The difference of parameters on the right & left side was statistically insignificant. In no case was the foramen transversarium absent though it was asymmetrical in two cervical vertebrae. Accessory foramen transversarium were present in 11 cervical vertebrae which were present bilaterally in 7 and unilaterally in 4 vertebrae (1 right-sided and 3 left-sided). These accessory foramina could be due of remnants of costal element or due to variations in the vertebral vessels. The anatomical knowledge of the variations in the F.T of cervical vertebrae can be of importance to the neurologists, clinicians and radiologists for proper interpretation of X-rays and CT scans. This knowledge can also play an important role in identification of the dead bodies if ante mortem radiographs of the deceased are available for comparison.","PeriodicalId":309861,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131778173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Police Identification of the Perpetrator of the Criminal Act","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijfr.01.01.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijfr.01.01.04","url":null,"abstract":"Police identification has an extremely important role in solving any criminal offense, ie in discovering its perpetrator. Police identification is often shown on TV shows and in movies. A group of suspects are brought into the room and the witness recognizes the perpetrator. In real life, identifications with the suspects present are rarely carried out as they are portrayed in TV shows and in movies. Instead, photo recognition is used. Photographs of the suspect are shown along with photographs of some other persons and the witness is asked to identify the person suspected by the police.","PeriodicalId":309861,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Research","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116958349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Forensic Science","authors":"Shravana kumar Chinnikatti","doi":"10.31031/FSAR.2018.03.000554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31031/FSAR.2018.03.000554","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence [AI] is a significant and well-established branch of current computer science that may frequently give a way of addressing computationally massive or difficult issues in a reasonable time period. Digital forensics is a growing field in computing that frequently necessitates the cognitive examination of massive volumes of complicated data. As a result, it appears that AI is an appropriate technique for dealing with many of the present difficulties in digital forensics. The goal of this study is to provide a high-level overview of AI as it may be applied in digital forensics.","PeriodicalId":309861,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Research","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121829276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crime Reporting and Perceived Effects on its Victims: A Case Study of Ekpoma","authors":"","doi":"10.33140/ijfr.02.02.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33140/ijfr.02.02.01","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on crime reporting and perceived effects on its victims: a case study of Ekpoma. Crime is a universal social problem which goes beyond the general notion of theft, murder, assault, rape, fraud, kidnapping and other unwholesome behaviour. This research work posits that whatever definition one gives to crime, the concept suggests a decline of public security and steady descent into social chaos. The research work argues that crime reporting and prevention must dovetail into the entire region of security management. The research work concludes by maintaining the true security goes beyond the provision of modern electronic equipment and increased police surveillance, etc, but involves much more of social justice, equity, employment opportunities in the society at large. Two major theories were use: Strain and Conflict Perspective Theory. Proffer suggestions were made on how the problem of crime reporting and victimization can be managed in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":309861,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Forensic Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129483701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
