Int. J. People Oriented Program.最新文献

{"title":"Softly Speaking: National Transformation in a Developing Country","authors":"C. Han","doi":"10.4018/ijpop.2012070104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpop.2012070104","url":null,"abstract":"The Malaysian Government has been taking a radically new approach to national transformation in the past three years. The Government Transformation Programme was initiated in 2009, followed by the New Economic Model and Economic Transformation Programme in 2010, and subsequently political and rural transformation. The “Transformation Budget 2012” announced the “National Transformation Policy”. Presently, transformation can be perceived as the inception stage, as the various programmes will be undergoing a long continuous implementation journey into 2020. In order to make a real significant change to the country, the transformation needs to be driven from a synthesis of economic, managerial, organizational, social and technological dimensions at the multiple levels of the individual, organization, industry, government, society and nation. The author offers another way of seeing and doing transformation using a “theory of everything” based on simplicity and sophistication. The extant national transformation model of “Doing and Being” or Yin Yang is a simplicity model. As Malaysian academicians, we have a significant role to provide thought leadership by combining the “Doing and Being” with a sophisticated model based on an understanding the complexity of human behaviour. The author combines the Pemandu’s model with a model of sophistication based on an enhanced framework of critical practice. The author defines critical practice as an iterative reflexive process, firstly by developing knowledge-for-understanding from a sophisticated model of reality. Secondly, the author provides a critique of underpinning assumptions and presumptions whereby the constraining conditions of the status quo and emancipation become knowable and explicit, that is, knowledge-for-evaluation. Thirdly, the author re-creates, re-defines, re-designs, re-imagines, re-invents and re-visions the pragmatic, doable and implementable programmes from knowledge-for-action. This theory of everything provides a new vigorous theoretical model to review and redesign the practical methodology for implementation success of the national transformation programmes. Softly Speaking: National Transformation in a Developing Country","PeriodicalId":309154,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. People Oriented Program.","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125821440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge Super Corridors in Southeast Asia: Seeing and Doing from a Critical Lens","authors":"C. Han","doi":"10.4018/ijpop.2012070101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpop.2012070101","url":null,"abstract":"Developing countries in Asia are in the process of transitioning from a production economy to a knowledge-based economy. Various new knowledge and information communications technology mega-projects are being designed and executed at the international, national, state and industry levels to sustain competitiveness. The structures and processes by which these so-called “knowledge super corridors” are developed and implemented are complex economic-social-political decisions. The author develops an enhanced framework from critical theory, whereby the critical practice lens provides an iterative reflexive process, firstly by developing knowledge for understanding from structuration theory. Secondly, the author provides a critique of underpinning assumptions and presumptions whereby the constraining conditions of the status quo and emancipation become knowable and explicit, that is, knowledge for evaluation. Thirdly, the knowledge for action generated will enable the decision makers to re-create, re-define, re-design, re-imagine, re-invent and re-vision pragmatic, doable and implementable programs to transform a developing country into a k-economy. The author illustrates the value of the enhanced model using two case studies concerned with formulating and implementing a k-economy blueprint and developing a knowledge portal in emerging k-economies in Southeast Asia.","PeriodicalId":309154,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. People Oriented Program.","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133108806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of ICT and Student Learning in Higher Education: Challenges and Responses","authors":"Rodney Arambewela, D. Koralagama, S. Kaluarachchi","doi":"10.4018/ijpop.2012070103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpop.2012070103","url":null,"abstract":"The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Higher Education (HE) and the capabilities of the internet have added value to university teaching and learning. It has also tested the resolve of universities to maximise the benefits of technology integration amidst increasing class sizes, student expectations, cultural diversity and mobility of students. Understanding how students learn and devising appropriate student centred instruction and learning are considered essential to the successful implementation of ICT and allied technologies in teaching and learning. Supported by the findings of an empirical study conducted in an Australian university on student learning orientations and perceptions of course delivery, this article discusses the challenges faced by universities in the integration of technology in teaching for better learning outcomes. The study indicates that technology and learning contexts have a profound influence on student learning orientations of deep or surface learning and students seem to have mixed feelings about the impact of technology in teaching and learning. Use of ICT and Student Learning in Higher Education: Challenges and Responses","PeriodicalId":309154,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. People Oriented Program.","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124815551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Meta-Problem Behind the Diverse Perspectives on the Underrepresentation of Girls in Information and Computing Technology Subjects","authors":"Leonie Rowan","doi":"10.4018/ijpop.2012070102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpop.2012070102","url":null,"abstract":"The percentages of girls in developing countries studying information technology subjects in the post-compulsory years of education has remained persistently low: often under 25%. This is despite the fact that this particular phenomenon has been the subject of international enquiry for over two decades. The persistence of this pattern raises questions about the extent to which the factors influencing girls’ decision making are fully understood and associated questions about the ways in which both the problem and solution are most usefully conceptualized. This paper explores the limitations of dominant ways of explaining girl’s underrepresentation in information technology courses and careers and argues the need for a more holistic approach to designing and enacting interventions. It draws particular attention to the need for ongoing research in this area which seeks to map the persistence of narrow and limiting understandings of gender that continue to thrive in contemporary IT and school contexts. Furthermore it highlights the associated need for teachers to be equipped with skills that allow them to contest and challenge these understandings while also designing IT related subjects that are engaging and relevant to girls and to boys. A Meta-Problem Behind the Diverse Perspectives on the Underrepresentation of Girls in Information and Computing Technology Subjects","PeriodicalId":309154,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. People Oriented Program.","volume":"10 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123222184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards an Understanding of Requirements for Model Versioning Support","authors":"Konrad Wieland, G. Fitzpatrick, G. Kappel, M. Seidl, M. Wimmer","doi":"10.4018/ijpop.2011070101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpop.2011070101","url":null,"abstract":"When software is developed in teams – the standard way software is developed today – versioning systems are the first choice for the management of collaboration. From a technical point of view, versioning systems have to face several challenges. Depending on the applied versioning paradigm, functionalities such as synchronous editing, branching, storing different versions, merging, etc. are required. Since much effort has been spent into realizing these tasks, measurable progress has been achieved over the last decades. Unfortunately, there is a lack of empirical studies to find out the actual requirements arising from practice. Therefore, the authors conducted an online survey and interviewed representative users of versioning systems from academia and industry. Special emphasis is placed on the versioning of software models, which are nowadays becoming more and more important as there is a trend to model-driven software engineering. The results of our empirical studies show that not all requirements of developers are satisfied by current versioning systems. Especially, more emphasis needs to be put on the management of collaborative development, e.g., the division of work and the management of conflicts. DOI: 10.4018/ijpop.2011070101 2 International Journal of People-Oriented Programming, 1(2), 1-23, July-December 2011 Copyright © 2011, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. For this purpose, Software Configuration Management (SCM) provides key tools and techniques for making the parallel development of software systems more manageable (Tichy, 1988). Amongst others, SCM offers Version Control Systems (VCS), which allow reusing single-user modeling/programming environments for parallel development. Central repositories, to which developers can commit their changes and from which developers can update their local version to the latest version in the repository, support the management and administration of software artifacts under development such as code and models. Of course, this holds true not only for traditional, code-centric software engineering, but also for model-driven software engineering (MDSE) (cf. Schmidt, 2006), which has recently gained momentum in academia as well as in practice, changing the way in which modern software systems are built. In MDSE, the task of programming, i.e., writing code in a textual programming language such as Java, is replaced by modeling in a graphical modeling language such as the Unified Modeling Language (OMG, 2010). The powerful abstraction mechanisms of models are not only used for documentation purposes, but also for compiling executable code directly out of models (Bézivin, 2005). Software artifacts, code and models differ in key ways with implications for versioning and conflict management. In general, standard techniques established for text-based artifacts for handling software evolution like versioning perform poor","PeriodicalId":309154,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. People Oriented Program.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130463832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Benefit of Ambiguity in Understanding Goals in Requirements Modelling","authors":"J. Paay, S. Pedell, L. Sterling, F. Vetere, S. Howard","doi":"10.4018/ijpop.2011070102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpop.2011070102","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the benefit of ambiguity in describing goals in requirements modelling for the design of socio-technical systems using concepts from Agent-Oriented Software Engineering (AOSE) and ethnographic and cultural probe methods from Human Computer Interaction (HCI). The authors’ aim of their research is to create technologies that support more flexible and meaningful social interactions, by combining best practice in software engineering with ethnographic techniques to model complex social interactions from their socially oriented life for the purposes of building rich socio-technological systems. Currently social needs are modelled as coordinative and collaborative goals; however the domestic space surfaces a range of purely communicative activities, which are not calculated to serve any external productive purpose (i.e., it is communication often for the sake of pleasure).The authors use a holistic approach to eliciting, analyzing, and modelling socially-oriented requirements by combining a particular form of ethnographic technique, cultural probes, with Agent Oriented Software Engineering notations to model these requirements. This paper focuses on examining the value of maintaining ambiguity in the process of elicitation and analysis through the use of empirically informed quality goals attached to functional goals. The authors demonstrate the benefit of articulating a quality goal without turning it into a functional goal. Their study shows that quality goals kept at a high level of abstraction, ambiguous and open for conversations through the modelling process add richness to goal models, and communicate quality attributes of the interaction being modelled to the design phase, where this ambiguity is regarded as a resource for design.","PeriodicalId":309154,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. People Oriented Program.","volume":"47 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120980299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing Speech Input for Virtual Applications: A Human Factors Perspective","authors":"A. Stedmon, D. Howard, Christin Kirchhübel","doi":"10.4018/ijpop.2011070103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpop.2011070103","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contextualises the position of speech input from a user-centred human factors perspective. It is presented as a position paper so that researchers and designers can consider the underlying and future factors of a people-orientated approach to speech input for virtual applications. A number of key areas are explored including: human factors for speech input; speech input for virtual applications; speech as a spare mode of interaction; user acceptance and uptake; incorporating speech in the development of virtual applications; and speech input as an interaction tool. Given the user-centred perspective of this paper, this paper does not set out to address issues associated with spoken dialogue technologies, dialogue, and dialogue management; recent work on conversational agents in virtual environments; or multimodal interaction. This paper places the focus more fundamentally within human factors by looking at the user first as a basis for developing usable virtual applications incorporating speech input rather than to review the current state of the art in interaction design. A particular point this paper makes, however, is that speech input should be designed and used as another interaction tool that users need to learn to use, rather than assuming it will offer a natural or intuitive interface. DOI: 10.4018/ijpop.2011070103 International Journal of People-Oriented Programming, 1(2), 50-65, July-December 2011 51 Copyright © 2011, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. there is a danger of designing systems that do not support user needs or expectations, and if systems evolve along purely interaction based principles then there is a danger of not embracing or exploiting new technological capabilities to their full. To date speech recognition has yet to be implemented in an original application (that has not used another form of input device before) and, as a consequence, it always faces the immediate challenge from more conventional input devices (e.g., keyboard and mouse) that users are familiar with using. Furthermore, if user expectations of speech input are too high, there is a danger that its potential will not be realised due to user frustration leading to poor uptake. The increased availability of speech input “brings with it the need for a full understanding of the ergonomics aspects of these systems with the aim of developing general guidelines to ensure their application should be as effective as possible” (Hapeshi & Jones, 1988, p. 252). Whilst the potential to interact with machines using speech input has been possible for many decades (Ullman, 1987) and technical advances, especially with the development of computing and distributed interaction technologies, allow for new approaches to people orientated interaction, speech input still remains an elusive concept without widespread use or end user acceptance (Stedmon et al., 2011). Alongside the p","PeriodicalId":309154,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. People Oriented Program.","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133451058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnomethodology at Work","authors":"C. Satchell","doi":"10.4018/ijpop.2011070104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpop.2011070104","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":309154,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. People Oriented Program.","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124567649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inclusion of Users with Special Needs in the Human-Centered Design of a Web-Portal","authors":"R. Motschnig, Dominik Hagelkruys","doi":"10.4018/IJPOP.2017010101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJPOP.2017010101","url":null,"abstract":"Human-Centered Design focuses on the analysis, specification and involvement of a product's end users as driving elements in the design process. The primary research objective of the case-study presented in this paper is to illustrate that it is essential to include users with special needs into all major steps of designing a web-portal that provides services to these special users. But how can this be accomplished in the case of users with special cognitive and affective needs? Would the “classical” Human-Centered Design Process (HCD) be sufficient or would it need to be adapted and complemented with special procedures and tools? In this paper the design team shares the strategies they adopted and the experiences they gained by including users with dyslexia in the design of the LITERACY Web-Portal. Besides providing insight into the special effort and steps needed to adapt HCD for users with special needs, the paper encourages application designers to include end-users even though - or particularly because - they have needs that are special and critical for the adoption of the product.","PeriodicalId":309154,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. People Oriented Program.","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114406522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons from the Design of Three Educational Programming Environments: Blue, BlueJ and Greenfoot","authors":"Michael Kölling","doi":"10.4018/IJPOP.2015010102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/IJPOP.2015010102","url":null,"abstract":"Educational programming systems are booming. More systems of this kind have been published in the last few years than ever before, and interest in this area is growing. With the rise of programming as a school subject in ever-younger age groups, the importance of dedicated educational systems for programming education is increasing. In the past, professional environments were often used in programming teaching; with the shift to younger age groups, this is no longer tenable. New educational systems are currently being designed by a diverse group of developing teams, in industry, in academia, and by hobbyists. In this paper, the author describes his experiences with the design of three systems-Blue, BlueJ, and Greenfoot-and extract lessons that he hopes may be useful for designers of future systems. He also discusses current developments, and suggests an area of interest where future work might be profitable for many users: the combination of aspects from block-based and text-based programming. The author briefly presents his work in this area-frame-based editing-and suggest possible future development options.","PeriodicalId":309154,"journal":{"name":"Int. J. People Oriented Program.","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124538120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}